US757720A - Casting-machine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 757,720. PATENTBD APR. 19, 1904.

J. BIJUR.

CASTING MACHINE.

APPLIGATIOH mum FEB. 10, 1903.

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JOSEPH BIJUR, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CASTING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 757,720, dated. April 19, 1904.

Application filed February 10. 1903. Serial No. 142,750. ilo model.) i

To all tohonc it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josnrn BIJUR, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Casting-Machines, of

followed, as already describedin my copending application, Serial No. 124,953, filed September 26, 1902. It has been found necessary to deposit the molten metal in place at a high temperature and progressively from the bottom of the interval to be filled to the top, while the pieces to be joined should be heated to a suitable temperature. Many dilficulties are encountered in arriving at these conditions,

especially when it is desired to obtain the same conditions at every cast, and further objects of the invention areto enable all of these conditions to-be carried out in a simple and efiicient manner, v so that plates may be cast quickly and with certainty. I

Further obgects of my invention will hereinafter appear; and to these ends my invenmy invention.

tion consists of apparatus for carrying out the above objects embodying the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts, substantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed in this specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section and partly broken away, of apparatus embodying Fig. 2 is an end view of the same, partly in section, on the line 2- 2 of Fig. 1. Fig.- 3 is a partial plan view of the apparatus looking down upon the top of the same with the spindles removed. Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional plan view on the line8 3 of Fig.

1. Fig. 5 is an inside face view of one half of the mold. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line :20 w of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an inside face view of the otherhalf of the mold. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line yy of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is an enlarged face view of one half of the mold after the plate has been cast, a portion only of the plate being shown in its complete open-work structure. Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view of one of the elements of the plate onthe line .2 z of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is,,a longitudinal sectional view on the line 20 wof Fig. .9. Fig. 12 is anenlarged detail perspective view of one of the'cross-slats used in casting the plate, and 13 is a detail perspective view of one of the metal cores used in casting.

It may be said in general that in casting the open-work grids orbattery-plates in my improved machine the cross-slats A and elements or open-work sections B are arranged in a suitable mold, comprising the parts B and C. The arrangement of the cross slats and elements is like that fully described inmy copending application, Serial No. 142,749, filed ,February 10, 1903, for improvements in apparatus for casting battery'plates. In other words, the cross-slats A are arranged hori zontally in the-mold, as shown in Fig. 9, between the rows of elements B, and vertical passages or channels are left between the vertical rows of elements through which the molten metal is poured in order to weld the cross-slats A and elements B to-each otherto form the completed plate and to form the lugs E and F on the'plate. In order that a continuous passage-way may be afforded for the other'of the plate, the cross-slats A are provided with the apertures G at intervals and extending through the same. The apertures Gr are arranged in alinement with the channels between the vertical rows of elements B, and by this means the molten metal may flow freely the length of the plate.

The metal should not flow around corners, and on this account, in order to make a substantially rectangular framework, the slats A or horizontal pieces previously cast are placed molten metal inpouring from one end to the in position in the mold, and subsequently the vertical bars or members H of the plate are formed by pouring in the molten metal. In my machine the plate-mold is therefore constructed to readily receive the horizontal pieces or slats A and the lead or alloy elements B and at the same time hold them in place while maintaining them at a proper temperature. Furthermore, in order to get joints between the elements,the previously-cast slats. and the vertical members of the framework the streams of molten metal should flow straight and substantially without touching the sides of the channels or other surfaces until the resting-place of the metal is reached.

Ordinarily the streams of metal cannot be relied on to flow straight, and the different portions of the mold would be at such different temperatures that the resulting plates would be imperfect. According to my invention means are provided for making the streams flow straight andparallel, and means are also provided for ascertaining that they do so. The temperature of the variousparts of the mold is maintained the same by suitable means. The apparatus is also constructed to afford provision for bringing the vertical channels for pouring into alinement with the streams to be poured. It would be exceedingly difficult to fill the mold in close proximity to the heated pot, and means are provided for withdrawing the mold from under the pot for convenience in loading.

According to the construction shown and described in my aforesaid copending application for improvements in apparatus for easting battery-plates and as shown in this application means are provided for forming open spaces at opposite ends of each element B, as shown, the horizontal pieces or crossslats A being cast with metal or steel cores I therein and at the required places, which cores can be subsequently removed to leave the apertures J in the finished plate.

' In Fig. '9 the apertures J are shown at each side of the element B in the upper left-hand corner of the plate, while the cores I remain in the rest of the plate, not having been removed therefrom. One reason for casting these small pieces or cores I into the slats A is to avoid handling the cores in a hot mold. One reason for making the slats A themselves extend across the width of the mold is in order to avoid the handling of a great number of cross pieces which would be necessary if each slat were made the length of an element B. I

The'lead elements B are held in the mold by the cross-slats A, which are in turn held in position sidewise by the slightly-raised ribs K in each half of the mold. It is advisable to have the mold as close to the pot L as possible, and therefore the plate is cast upside down, with the lugs E and F below. These lugs E and F are formed in wells-O in the mold, which would tend to give the outer streams of molten metal more space to fill than the inn'er'ones, allowing'the latter to fill up first and overfiow irregularly while the outer vertical channels or passage-ways were not yet filled To compensate for this and create equal flow of all streams, another well or wells P are provided, whose capacity is such that they are filled at the same time that the other lugs are filled. This well is separated from the nearest bar of the framework by necks or channels of considerable length, which confine the partially-cooled metal of the lug from rising and reaching this part of the framework, and therefore insure that only the surperheated metal fresh from. the pot is deposited in the interval where a joint is expected.

The arrangement and construction of the cross-slats A have been described in my copending application before referred to for improvements in apparatus for casting battery-plates, Serial No. l42,7&9,"and'Iwill not refer to the construction of the slats and the arrangement of parts in the mold further than to state that preferably no slat is provided at the joint R, which forms the upper edge of the finished plate, and a slat S, provided with the cores I on one side only, forms the bottom edge of the finished plate.

' In order to make the temperature of the mold uniform all over, a sheet of highly-conducting metal T-as, for instance, copperis attached to the heated surface of the mold. and the heating-flames from the perforated pipes 25 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1) play'upon this copper, which being about seven times as good a conductor of heat as iron conducts the heat laterally faster than it is transmitted through the thickness of the iron. The perforations in the pipes 25 may be at either the top or bottom of the pipes and are not seen in side view in the drawings. The mold or molds may be constructed in various Ways; but for convenience in stacking the various pieces comprise cross-slats and elements, and for convenient extraction of the cast plate each mold is made in two halves, shown as substantially equal and so arranged. that the front half B may be let down horizontally in order to afford provision for placing the slats and elements upon it, and then the back half'O of the mold is closed down and clamped to the front half B by means of suitable hand-clamps U. The whole mold is then raised to a vertical position, as shown in Fig. 8, and slid positively along the slides V into proper position under the lead pot L. Suitable air and gas mixing pipes 26 are shown provided in connection with the gas-pipes 25.

Means are provided for heating the sides of the lead-pot Las, for instance, by means of gas-flames-in such manner that the bottom is hotter than the top, The sides of the pot shields 2'7 are shown connected to the'frames and extending outside of the protective sheathing X around the pot. 7

Provision is afforded for overcoming the difficulty of simultaneously opening several holes in a red-hot pot and for keeping such holes free from dross, which is one of the conditions essential for pouring straight streams, and while various means might be provided for'overcoming the difficulties mentioned, as shown, in this instance spindles a are used, having slightly-tapering ends accurately fitting tapered holes in the bottom of the pot. The tapered holes, as shown, are relatively long compared with their width. When these spindles are in place and rest upon their seats. no lead can get in the nozzles to form oxid; When the spindles are lifted, they will leave perfectly clean holes of proper shape for the metal to squirt through accurately; Means are provided for simultaneously lifting the spindles from the holes in the bottom of the pot, as shown, there being a frame consisting of movable bars 5 and cross-bars 0 connected thereto, having roller-handles, which bars 0 are supported in slotscZ in the stationary arms eon the frame of the machine. The whole frame 6 0 may thus be raised at either side of the machine by raising one of the cross-bars out of the slot 0? inthe arms 6-, a fulcrum being afforded for the frame by the cross-bar- 0, resting in the slots d atthe other end of the arms Stops f, carried by the bars 5, raise the spindles a when one of the cross-bars a is raised, so that two operators, one at either side of the machine, can work both molds;

Referring more particularly to the construction of the machine, it will be seen that the whole apparatus is supported upon the bed g. The bed is provided with standards it, which carry the framework for the pot L, and the pot is so supported that it may be alined horizontally and centered relatively to the bed. g of the machine and molds. -The frames 2', secured to the standard it, are provided with the inwardly-projecting pins 3', which keep the pot free from creeping bysuccessive expansions and contractions. The pot is provided with flaps or flanges 30, secured upon screws 1 6 and Z, extending into the upper ends of the standards h. The samescrews 7c and Z also secure the stationary arms e upon the flanges of the pot. By adjusting the screws k and the clamping-screws l up and down the pot may be clamped so that its bottom istruly horizontal, even if the main base of the machine is not. Each mold, comprising the parts B and C, as hereinbefore stated, is carried upon aframe 0, slidable upon the slides V,'which in turn are adjustably supported upon the bed g by means of the leveling-screwsp, of which there are four, one at each side of the machine, so that the frame g, which carriesthe slides V, may be adjusted in a vertical plane. The adjusting-screwsr, of which there are two on one side and one at the other side of the machine, afford provision for rotating the frame g in a horizontal plane. The portions B C of the mold, as shown, are pivoted about the pivot 8, carried by the frame 0, and these portions of the mold are so mounted on the slides V that their inner surfaces are exactly parallel; It will thus be seen that when the adjustment of the frame Q, or subbase, is made relatively to the pot for'one half of the mold it is then correct for the other half, since both are parallel. For the purpose of testing whether or not the streams of molten lead are straight and parallel the vertical plate 25, carried upon the frame 0, is provided, the face of which vertical plate is parallel to the inner face of'the molds and at a predetermined distance therefrom. Upon the subbase or frame q is pivoted the stop a, which may be moved up and down about the pivotal bolt c. When the stop it is in the position shown in Fig. 2, or in its lowermost position, the mold itself is brought directly under the apertures in the bottom of the pot L in order to cast the plate, When the stop is thrown upwardly into the position shown in Fig. 1, so that its hooked end moves into the line of movement of the set-screw w on the frame 0, it will be seen thatsaid frame cannotbe pushed as far beneath the pot as shown in Fig. 2, and the dimensions of the stop aare so proportioned that when the set-screw w is moved against the stop a in its uppermost position the face of the plate t will be brought almost directly under the apertures in the bottomof the pot Lthat is, in the position normally occcupied by the inner surface of the mold-back simply necessary to observe from in front and side their course 7 as compared with lines which may be marked on the face of the plate t. The squirting during observing may be into a ladle of convenient shapeyand the streams may be observed from the side to determine whether or not they are parallel to the-faceof the plate. The plate 2 may be termed the vertical carriage-back. 'Hav ing seen that the streams flow correctly, thestop HTS thrown down, and the mold B C is moved upon the slides V until its interior now comes under-the nozzles orbottom of the 'pot L. The molds are provided with ther- In order to test the streams, it is then,

in an upright position. This, however, ne-

cessitates greater draft on the lower working edges of the plate-space in the mold B.

In order to keep the apertures in the bot tom of the pot L clean, cut off the flow of material quickly, and also prevent leakage, means are provided for forcing the spindles positively into the nozzle-openings and yet avoid the hammer-blow which would be caused by dropping a dead-weight into the tapered nozzles. This is effected by providing the spindles a with weights 1, movable longitudinally of the spindles themselves.

so grind them Well down into their seats at each pour.

Obviously some features of my invention may be used without others, and my invention may be embodied in widely-varying forms.

Therefore, without limiting myself to the construction shown and described or enumerating equivalents, I claim, and desire to obtain by Letters Patent, the following:

1. A casting-machine comprising a frame, a pot supported thereon and provided with pouring-apertures in its bottom, means for adjusting the pot in vertical and horizontal planes, a mold movable beneath the pot, and means for adjusting the mold in vertical and horizontal planes, for substantially the purposes set forth.

2. A casting-machine comprising a frame, a pot having pouring-apertures in its bottom and means for adjusting the pot, amold movable longitudinally of the frame beneath the I work structure having lugs connected thereto,

and said mold being also provided with means affording provision for pouring vertical channels evenly and uniformly between the elements, for substantially the purposes set forth.

4. A mold for a casting-machine, comprising two parts arranged to open and close, having means for arranging elements within said mold with vertical pouring-channels between the same, spaces in the mold forming wells for casting lugs upon the finished structure, and

Collars 2, arranged below the weights and attached to the other wells of such capacity that they are filled in substantially the same time that the firstnamed wells are filled, said other wells having necks for insuring that only the superheated metal fresh from the melting-pot is deposited in the interval Where a joint is expected, for substantially the purposes set forth.

5. A metal mold, provided with a sheet of highly-conducting metal upon the heated surface of the mold, whereby the heat is conducted laterally faster than it is transmitted through the thickness of the metal of the mold, and the temperature of the mold is maintained substantially uniform all over, for substantially the purposes set forth.

6. A machine for casting parts of batteryplates onto the parts adapted to become active, comprising a suitable mold constructed to afford provision for holding and supporting said solid parts adapted to become active with at least one interval or space arranged to receive the metal to be cast, and means for superheating melted lead and directing it downward to the bottom of the interval or space to be filled, provision being afforded by the machine as constructed for progressively directing the freshly incoming portions of the melted lead to the successive portions of the said interval or space from the bottom to the top, as said interval or space is gradually filled up, whereby the superheated lead is deposited directly against the portions of the said parts where it is to remain and solidify, for substantially the purposes set forth.

7. A machine for uniting parts of a batteryplate by means of an intermediate relatively long and narrow ribvbetween such parts, said machine comprising means for supporting solid parts in position to present opposed faces to the relatively long and narrow interval in which the rib is to lie, and means for bringing melted and superheated lead as distinguished from solder into direct contact with the said opposed faces of said solid parts at opposite sides of the interval, provision being afforded by the apparatus as constructed for preventing the lead from making contact with said opposed faces until substantially at its final resting-place, whereby the said superheated lead shall not flow lengthwise of the said interval while in contact with the solid parts, and shall give up heat upon opposite sides in a regular and determinate manner throughout all portions while cooling down to the melting-point of the solid parts, for substantially the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

I JOSEPH BIJUR. Witnesses:

E. VAN ZANDT, A. L. OBRIEN.

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