US7538129B2 - Diazonamide A analog - Google Patents

Diazonamide A analog Download PDF

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US7538129B2
US7538129B2 US11/591,016 US59101606A US7538129B2 US 7538129 B2 US7538129 B2 US 7538129B2 US 59101606 A US59101606 A US 59101606A US 7538129 B2 US7538129 B2 US 7538129B2
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compound
added
cells
paclitaxel
mice
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US20070149583A1 (en
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Patrick G. Harran
Noelle Williams
Anthony Burgett
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University of Texas System
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/22Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

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  • the invention relates to an analog of diazonamide A that has superior antitumor activity.
  • a synthetic route to this compound is also disclosed.
  • Diazonamide A is a mitotic spindle-disrupting agent first isolated from the marine organism Diazona angulata . Numerous attempts have been made to synthesize this compound and its analogs.
  • PCT publication WO 03/106438 describes a putative synthetic route; however, the structure of diazonamide A provided in that publication is incorrect.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 7,022,720 ('720) correctly discloses the structure of diazonamide A and describes the synthesis of some of its analogs through the combined use of catalytic Heck endocyclization, stereo-controlled ring-contracting pinnacol rearrangement, and indole arylation via internal photo-induced electron transfer. Generic structures of some analogs are provided.
  • a daughter application claiming priority from this patent was filed 31 Oct. 2005 and is published as 2006/0089397 and includes the structure of the analog, Compound J, claimed herein.
  • the '720 patent does not specifically describe the compound of the present invention, which has surprisingly potent anti-mitotic activity
  • the present invention is directed to a compound of the formula
  • Compound J Compound J and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing this compound and/or its salts, to modified forms of this compound coupled to stabilizing or targeting agents, and to methods of treating proliferative diseases, in particular TaxolTM-resistant cancers, using these compounds and formulations.
  • the invention is directed to methods to synthesize Compound J and its salts.
  • FIG. 1 shows the ability of Compound J to inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines in comparison to diazonamide A, a hydroxylated form of Compound J., paclitaxel, and vinblastine.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plot of survival fraction against concentration of drug with respect to PTX10 ovarian cancer cell lines for Compound J and paclitaxel.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the pharmacokinetics of Compound J.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B show the effect of Compound J as compared to paclitaxel on xenografts of HCT116 and PC-3 cells.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show that Compound J has no effect on neutrophil proliferation or cell counts in vivo.
  • Compound J has been shown, as described in the examples below, to have potent anti-mitotic activity with respect to certain cancers, in particular cancers that are resistant to TaxolTM.
  • Compound J can be supplied in its free base form, or can be supplied as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or as a mixture of the depicted form and the corresponding salt.
  • Suitable salts include those of inorganic acids such as hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, hydrosulfates, and the like, or organic acid addition salts such as the acetates, formates, maleates, and the like.
  • Compound J may be coupled to moieties such as targeting agents.
  • targeting agents are antibodies or immunologically active fragments thereof, including single-chain antibody forms directed against tumor antigens or against receptors or integrins associated with tumors, peptidomimetics directed against these moieties, and the like.
  • Compound J may be coupled to an excipient such as polyethylene glycol for altering pharmacokinetics.
  • formulations useful in the invention include standard formulations such as those set forth in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences , latest edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., incorporated herein by reference. Such formulations include those designed for oral delivery, slow release, topical administration, parenteral administration, or any other suitable route as determined by an attending physician or veterinarian. Thus administration may be systemic or local. Suitable vehicles or excipients include liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, polymeric matrices, buffers, and the full range of formulations known to practitioners.
  • Compound J is particular useful in treating proliferative diseases, in particular, tumors and malignancies associated with breast, ovary, lung, colon, prostate, melanoma, colon, pancreas, glioma, carcinoma, and the like.
  • compositions that include Compound J and/or its salt and/or its conjugates may also be used in combination with other drugs, such as additional antitumor agents or other palliative compounds such as compounds that aid in nutrition or general health.
  • Compound J is conveniently synthesized by treating the free amino precursor with S-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate. This converts the free amine to the 3-methyl-2-hydroxybutylate.
  • this coupling reaction can also be accomplished with other activated esters of the 2-hydroxy3-methylbutanoate, such as by way of example only N-hydroxybenzotriazole ester, perfluorophenyl ester, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, activated esters generated by the reaction of the carboxylic acid with a carbodiimide, and other activated esters conventionally used for acylation of an amine to form amide bonds; thus the invention provides a method to prepare Compound J by coupling an activated 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate derivative, which may optionally be protected at the 2-hydroxyl, with the above described amine.
  • the amine may also optionally be in protected form, i.e.
  • Suitable protecting groups for use on the hydroxyl include acyl groups, silyl groups, pyran acetals, and the like.
  • Suitable protecting groups for use on the ring nitrogen atoms of the amine compound, which are not intended to react with the hydroxybutanoate activated ester may include acyl groups such as carbamates or trifluoroacetate, as well as silyl groups. Suitable protecting groups and methods to attach and remove them are well known in the art, and are described, for example, in T. H. Greene, P ROTECTIVE G ROUPS IN O RGANIC S YNTHESIS , 2 nd ed.
  • Examples 1-16 describe the synthesis of Compound J.
  • Examples 17-20 describe its biological activity.
  • Example 3 The title compound of Example 3 (256.6 g, 770 mmol), TBTU (296.4 g, 1.2 eq) and Cbz-L-valine (212.7 g, 1.1 eq) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF, anhydrous, 2,700 mL) and cooled to 0° C. for 30 min. Diisopropylethylamine (DIEA, 268 mL) was added slowly and the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature. Stirring was continued for 4 hours at which time HPLC indicated completion of reaction. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (11 L) and water (7.5 L). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and allowed to separate.
  • DIEA dimethylformamide
  • the organic layer was washed once with water (7.5 L), twice with brine (7.5 L) and twice with saturated NaHCO 3 (7.5 L).
  • the material was dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated to brown black solid.
  • the material was taken up in methylene chloride (7.5 L) and combined with 22.2 g of another lot of similar quality material and silica gel (400 g). The solvent was removed to support the crude compound on silica. This material was divided in half and each half was chromatographed on a 6 in ⁇ 4 ft silica gravity column.
  • Example 7 The title compound of Example 7 (45.0 g, 65 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (325 mL) and was added rapidly to a ⁇ 20° C. solution of PhI(OAc) 2 (20 g, 62 mmol) and LiOAc (12.7 g, 196 mmol) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (13.0 L). The solution was stirred at ⁇ 20° C. for 25 minutes at which time solid NaHCO 3 (117.5 g) was added. The cold bath was removed and stirring was continued for an additional 30 min. The mixture was filtered at 10° C. and the filtrate was concentrated.
  • Example 8 To a flask containing the compound synthesized in Example 8 (102 mg, 0.148 mmol) was added methanol (3.6 mL). The solution was cooled in ice-water bath for 15 minutes. A stock solution of LiOH in water (35.4 mg/0.6 mL, 1.48 mmol) was added dropwise at 0° C. The mixture was warmed to room temperature (all precipitate dissolved) and stirred for 4 hours. Less than 1% of the starting material remained after checking by LCMS. About 10 g of ice was added to the reaction mixture and the temperature was decreased to 0° C. Aqueous HCl (1N, 1.6 mL) was added dropwise at 0° C. to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture to between 2 and 3.
  • Example 10 To a dry flask containing the compound synthesized in Example 10 was added anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (0.9 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2 (2.7 mL). The resulting solution was cooled in ice-water bath for 15 minutes. Acetic anhydride (42 ul, 0.444 mmol) and pyridine (18 ul, 0.222 mmol) were added at 0° C. Then the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3.5 hours under N 2 . The reaction was monitored via LCMS. The reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL) followed by washing with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) and drying over Na 2 SO 4 .
  • ethyl acetate 30 mL
  • Triphenylphosphine (474 mg, 1.81 mmol) and hexachloroethane (428 mg, 1.81 mmol) were added to a dry flask equipped with stir bar.
  • Anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2 (18.5 mL) was added and the resulting solution was cooled well in ice-water bath under N 2 .
  • Triethylamine (351 ul, 2.52 mmol) was added slowly to the solution, followed by stirring for 10 minutes at 0° C.
  • the solution of the compound synthesized in Example 11 160 mg, 0.180 mmol) in anhydrous CH 2 Cl 2 (9.5 mL) was added dropwise and the temperature was kept at 0° C. to 2° C. After addition, reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C.
  • a number of tumor cell lines representing breast, lung, colon, ovarian and prostate cancer as well as melanoma were assayed under standard growth conditions in presence of varying amounts of diazonamide A, a hydroxylated form of Compound J, Compound J, paclitaxel and vinblastine.
  • the results are graphed as the concentration that diminishes growth by a factor of two (GI 50 ) in FIG. 1 .
  • GI 50 concentration that diminishes growth by a factor of two
  • FIG. 2 Additional experiments testing the effect of Compound J and paclitaxel on the survival of PTX10ovarian tumor cell line are shown in FIG. 2 . Plotted against concentration added, these results show that Compound J is more effective than paclitaxel in lowering the percentage of cells surviving. In FIG. 2 , the circles represent Compound J and the diamonds represent paclitaxel.
  • Compound J was injected intravenously into mice containing xenograft tumors grown from MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells.
  • the intratumoral concentration of Compound J was measured as a function of time. The results are shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the terminal half-life of this compound is 297.6 minutes
  • the area under the curve is 3010224 min*ng/ml
  • the volume of distribution is 2.9 l/kg.
  • Compound J is comparable to paclitaxel in inhibiting the growth of HCT116 xenografts and PC-3 xenografts.
  • FIG. 4A 20 mg/kg of Compound J administered IV slows tumor growth in a manner similar to paclitaxel at the same concentration.
  • the *'s represent control mice, the squares represent 5 mg/kg Compound J; the diamonds represent 20 mg/kg Compound J; and the slanted line represents 20 mg/kg paclitaxel.
  • paclitaxel and Compound J at similar concentrations give similar curves of growth inhibition.
  • four of 10 animals used in the study were free of tumors for over five months and experienced no weight loss.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100022607A1 (en) * 2008-05-22 2010-01-28 Hanson Gunnar James Diazonamide analogs
US20120190862A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2012-07-26 Hanson Gunnar Methods for Preparing Diazonamides
WO2012145255A2 (en) 2011-04-22 2012-10-26 Joyant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Diazonamide analogs
US10353032B2 (en) * 2015-10-27 2019-07-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Viscosity determination apparatus, systems, and methods

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7960420B2 (en) * 2007-12-21 2011-06-14 Joyant Pharmaceuticals, Inc Diazonamide analogs with improved solubility
CA2720516C (en) * 2008-04-29 2013-10-01 Joyant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Indoline anti-cancer agents

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US7517895B2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2009-04-14 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Synthetic diazonamides

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030100589A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2003-05-29 Harran Patrick G. Synthetic diazonamides as novel anti-mitotic agents
US7022720B2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2006-04-04 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Synthetic diazonamides as novel anti-mitotic agents

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120190862A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2012-07-26 Hanson Gunnar Methods for Preparing Diazonamides
US8299268B2 (en) * 2007-06-07 2012-10-30 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods for preparing diazonamides
US20100022607A1 (en) * 2008-05-22 2010-01-28 Hanson Gunnar James Diazonamide analogs
US8153619B2 (en) * 2008-05-22 2012-04-10 Joyant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Diazonamide analogs
WO2012145255A2 (en) 2011-04-22 2012-10-26 Joyant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Diazonamide analogs
WO2012145255A3 (en) * 2011-04-22 2012-12-27 Joyant Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Diazonamide analogs
RU2608308C2 (ru) * 2011-04-22 2017-01-17 Джоянт Фармасьютикалс, Инк. Аналоги диазонамида
US10353032B2 (en) * 2015-10-27 2019-07-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Viscosity determination apparatus, systems, and methods

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US20070149583A1 (en) 2007-06-28
WO2007053650A3 (en) 2007-11-22
EA013692B1 (ru) 2010-06-30
BRPI0618136A2 (pt) 2011-08-16
CR10038A (es) 2008-09-12
EA200801238A1 (ru) 2008-12-30
WO2007053650A2 (en) 2007-05-10
JP2009513710A (ja) 2009-04-02
EP1948169A2 (en) 2008-07-30
EP1948169A4 (en) 2009-11-04

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