US752928A - Hydrocarbon-burner - Google Patents

Description

.No. 752,923; PATENTED FER-23, 1904.

0. SGHWEIZBR. HYDROGARBGN'BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28' 1902.

N0 MODEL.

m: NDRRIS Perms cc. mmaumn. WASHINGYON, o. c.

UNITED STATES Patented February 23, 1904 PATENT OFFICE.

' CHARLES SCHWEIZER, OF MAPLEVVOOD, MASSACHUSETTS.

HYDROCARBONr-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters PatentNo. 752,928, dated February 28, 1904. Application filed May 28, 1902- Serial No. 1U9, 4U- N fl h To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES SoHwEIZ-ER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Maplewood, in the county of Middlesex and .State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The object of my invention is'the burning of hydrocarbon oils in such manner as to utilize to best advantage the heat units contained thereinin other words, to secure the most perfect combustion of the carbon and obviate the objectionable featuresof smoke and smell common to other oil-burners, especially when applied to the burning of crude oil. It has.

been found to be comparatively easy to burn refined oil or the products of oil distillation without such objectionable features being present in marked degree; but with the oilburners now on the market there are found to exist many imperfections when applied to the burning of crudeor unrefined oil.

It is the purpose of my said invention to produce a hydrocarbon-burner for burning heavy unrefined oils wherein oxygen is supplied to the superheated or vaporized oil at such a point as to produce a mixture of such percentage as to insure an approximately per fect combustion upon ignition. With this purpose in view it is my object to provide a burner thatshall be simple in construction, reducing the cost of manufacture to a minimum, and wherein the parts may be readily accessible for cleaning and other purposes.

To attain these desired objects, my invention consists of certain novel features of construction and combination of parts as are substantially disclosed herein, it being understood that I do not confine myself to the specific arrangement and application preferably used by me, as it is obvious that the same may be applied in diiferent ways and be variously modified without departing fromthe spirit of m invention as described and claimed.

My invention is applicable to furnaces,kilns, boilers, heatingstovesin short, for any purpose in any situation where it is desired to secure an intense heat practically free from undesirable waste products of combustion, such as smoke, ashes, or odor-and it will he found especially advantageous as applied to use in the oil regions, where the cost of crude oil is but nominal, but where it has heretofore been found practically impossible to burnthe same with satisfactory results.

In order that the details of construction and arrangement and the operation and advantages of my invention maybe readily understood, I have illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters refer to similar parts throughout, a preferred form of the same as applied to an ordinary heating-stove, and in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of a heatingstove with my burner in position and taken on the line Y Y of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of. the same on the line X X of Fig.1.. Fig. 3'is a view in perspective with certain portions brokenvaway to show the combustion-cups in position. Fig. 4 is a detail view showing two sections of the diaphragm removed; and Fig. 5 is a detail view, enlarged, of the support for the diaphragm.

Referring more specifically to the drawings, A is an ordinary sheet-iron stove, having the base a and the lining B of refractory material, such as fire-brick, with the usual door at C and 1 the flue D, containing the damper E. The stoveis preferably constructed with a removabletop or cover A, the top plate F also removable, and the removable diaphragm Gr, consisting of a foraminous plate, resting upon the upper edges of the refractory lining B. This diaphragm G is preferably made up of a plurality of sector-shaped members, as shown most clearly in Fig.4, a hollow cylindrical support g' being interposed between the top of the casing J and the center of said diaphragm for supporting the inner ends of said segments. .Perforations g are preferably provided in said support ,9 to permit a free circulation;

Extending across the lower portion of the stove bo'd-y A, a short distance above the base a, is a false bottom or plate H, provided withair-holesh, arranged about the center of the same. This plate forms, with the stove-base a, a chamber I, communicating by means of the holes i with the outer air and by means of the holes h with the inner combustionchamber N, to be hereinafter more particularly casing J and the refractory lining B of the-- stove is interposed an annular collar or partition K, perforated, as at 70. An annular space or drum L is thus formed between the casing J and the stove-lining B. This casing J is provided near its base with holes 1', communicating between the inside of said casing and the drum L. Within this casing J is an inner casing M of somewhat similar form, having a removable cover M and provided near the upper portion with holes m, communicating between the combustion-chamber N and the interior of the outer casing J. Both of the casings J and M have door-openings, as at O and P, in line with the stovedoor opening 0, by means of which ready access is had to the combustion-chamber and the three part burner Q, located therein. The burner Q is preferably composed of three auxiliary cups R, S, and T, which may be cast in one piece or in three separate portions and placed in position one within the other. The inner cup R may be provided with a cover R, if desired. Around the side walls of the cup R between the bottom and top are holes 1, communicating with the interior of the middle cup S, within which the cup R rests. The: cup S is also provided around its wall with holes on a level with or slightly above the level of the holes in the cup R. The outer cup T, within which the cup S rests, is preferably constructed without holes and serves to catch any overflow from the cups R and S.

Arranged at any convenient point is a fuelsupply tank U, communicating by the pipe V, having a valve W, with the interior of the stove-body and terminating above the inner combustion-cup R through a hole in the top of the cover R. While I have shown this pipe V as entering at the side of the stovebottom, if desired it may enter near the top and extend downward through the center of the casings J and M to a point above the combustion-cup R.

The mode of operation is as follows: By means of the valve W in the pipe V oil from the tank U is admitted for kindling purposes into the combustion-cup R, whence it overflows through the holes 7' into the middle combristion-cup S. As soon as the oil is lighted it begins to heat the cups R and S, and the inner one soon becomes incandescent, serving to, superheat the oil within the same. By means of the valve the supply of oil is regulated as may be desired to feed the combustion. The combustion-cups R and S being in ahighly-heated condition, the oil fed to them becomes superheated and rendered susceptible of instantaneous combustion upon coming in contact with the oxygen of the air supplied through the holes h. The flames from the burning liquid and vaporized oil pass to the upper portion of the combustion-chamber N through the holes m into the casing J, thence downward and out at the holes into the drum L, thence upward through the holes in the partition K, thence through the foraminous plate or diaphragm G, and out of the flue D. By this circuitous passage of the products of combustion conservation of the heat is accomplished, the initial heat being utilized about the'combustion-cups to superheat the oil and then applied to the stovebody at its lower portion within the drum L to be radiated to the best advantage. Practically little if any heat will thus be carried through the flue and wasted, as the various diaphragms and casings so direct the passage of the products of combustion as to delay their escape from the stove until they have parted with approximately all their heat.

I have illustrated the various casings and chambers as provided with removable covers to secure easy access to the interior for purposes of adjustment, cleaning, or inspection. By removing the cover of the stove A and lifting out the plates F and G and then lifting from the casings J and M their covers J and M access is obtained to the combustioncups, and by this means the cups and casings may easily be placed in position in any stove of ordinary construction. It will be understood, however, that these casings may be constructed of one piece without removable covers and partitions, if desired. For ordinary use in lighting the fire and making any simple adjustment of the combustion-cups the doors C, O, and P are provided, as indicated.

In the operation of my invention it has been found that almost immediately after igniting the oil in the combustion-cups the heated oil will burn withalarge flame, completely filling the chamber N. Injurious overheating of the burner is obviated by the products of combustion from the lowest cup constituting a mantle which prevents free access of air to the hot products of combustion issuing from the remaining cups; but within the chamber N and during the tortuous path of the products of combustion to the escape-flue the air supplied through vents h is intimately intermixed therewith to insure complete combustion. By placing the overflow-openings of each cup on a level with or above those of the cup next above the products of combustion issuing with considerable force and velocity from each cup are'prevented from impinging upon and spraying the oil overflowing from any other cup, thereby obviating all waste by a priming action of the products of combustion. I

Wherefore, having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a hydrocarbon-burner, a series of superposed cups, each cup constructed of greater horizontal area than that of the next above one, and all except the lowest of said cups provided with overflow-openin gs so arranged that the overflow-openings of any cup shall not lie in a lower plane than those of the cup next above, and means constructed to supply oil to the top cup of the series, whereby the products of combustion issuing from any of the several cups will not impinge upon the oil overflowing from the other of said cups, and whereby the products of combustion issuing from the lowest cup of the series constitute a mantle to prevent free access of atmospheric air to the heated products of combustion issuing from the remaining cups, substantially as described.

2. In a hydrocarbon-burner, a series of superposed cups, each cup constructed of greater horizontal area than that of the next above one, and all except the lowest of said cups provided with overflow-openings so arranged that the overflow-openings of any cup shall not lie in a lower plane than those of the cup next above, and means constructed to supply oil to the top cup of the series, and arranged in the path of the flames issuing from the several cups, whereby the products of combustion issuing from any of the several cups will not impinge upon the oil overflowing from the other of said cups, and whereby the products of combustion issuing from the lowest cup of the series constitute a mantle to prevent free access of atmospheric air to the heated prodnets of combustion issuing from the remaining cups, substantially as'described.

3. In a hydrocarbon-burner, a series of superposed cups, each cup constructed of greater horizontal area than that of the next above one,

and all except the lowest of said cups provided with overflow-openings so arranged that the overflow-openings of any cup shall not lie in a lower plane than those of the cup next above, means constructed to supply oil to the top cup of the series, whereby the products of combustion issuing from any of the several cups will not impinge upon the oil overflowing from the other of said cups, and whereby the products of combustion issuing from the lowest cup of the series constitute a mantle to prevent free access of atmospheric air to the heated products of combustion issuing from the remaining cups, an escape-flue, and means constructed to intimately intermingle atmospheric air with the products of combustion during their travel to the escape-flue, substantially as described.

4. In a hydrocarbon-burner, the combination with the stove-body and a perforated, false bottom fitted in the lower portion thereof, of a combustion-cup centrally located upon said false bottom in proximity to said perforations, an inner casing inclosing said combustion-cup and perforations, an outer casing inclosing said inner casing, said casings being provided with intercommunicating passages, a perforated collar or partition interposed between said outer casing and the stove-body, a perforated diaphragm located above said partition, and means for conducting the products of combustion from above said diaphragm, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES SCHWEIZER.

Witnesses:

J. EDWARD A. MCLAUGIIHJIN,

HENRY P. IVIEYNIHAN.

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