US752694A - Jens gabeiel feedeik lund - Google Patents
Jens gabeiel feedeik lund Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US752694A US752694A US752694DA US752694A US 752694 A US752694 A US 752694A US 752694D A US752694D A US 752694DA US 752694 A US752694 A US 752694A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tongues
- grooves
- row
- lund
- stones
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000002105 Tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 44
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000003746 Feathers Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 241001423398 Ruscus hypoglossum Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002969 artificial stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in the construction of arches for walls, vaults, and other arched buildings.
- the stones 8 are parallelepipedons; but on the two sides which run parallel with the plane of the section they are provided with a wedge-shaped feather or tongue 2 and a corresponding groove or mortise 3.
- the two other sides form fiat next row, and,'as illustrated in Fig. 4, the said feather 2 of the one block fits directly into the groove 3 of the next block Without interposd mortar or cement, whereby a close and firm connection is obtained.
- the space 5 may be filled up with any kind of material which is not required to have binding or supporting e fi'ect.
- each block is held up, first, by the tongue 2 i of two of the adjacent blocks lying in bond one with another, and, second, by means of the projecting edges 4 of the groove of the blocks abutting thereupon.
- a block consequently can only fall down if it be broken along the line a b or be cut off along the line 0 d in Fig.
- the most important feature of my invention is the firm and close connection of the blocks.
- the tongues 2 and grooves 3 are wedge-shaped, as above mentioned.
- Fig. 5 shows a form of construction of the blocks.
- the construction shown in this figure is based upon the fact that the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues corresponds accurately to the inclination of the lateral faces of the grooves; further, that the distance it is greater than the distance 72, and that the length Z is greater than Z
- the blocks may also be formed with a double tongue and corresponding double groove, as shown in Fig. 6.
- a stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves, breaking joints with the lines of division between each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directly a groove in the adjoining row, the tongues being wedgeshaped and the grooves correspondingly formed in such a manner, that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues and grooves corresponding whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm without interposed mortar, metal or other material.
- a stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves,
- breaking joints with the lines of division be- 4 tween each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directly a groove in the adjoining row, the adjoining surfaces Zof the blocks being sloped, the tongues of each block being wedge-shaped and the grooves correspondingly formed in such a manner, that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues and grooves corresponding whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm Without interposed mortar, metal or other material.
- a stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves, breaking joints with the lines of division between each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directlya groove in the adjoining row, the tongues being formed as a double wedge and the grooves correspondingly formed, so that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm without interposed mortar, metal or other material.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Description
' PATENTED FEB, 23, 1904.
J. G. P. LUND. WALL 0R VAULT. APPLICATION FILED 00'r.13. 1903.
no MODEL;
z+ Inveninr:
Wicne as E s:
J. E- E L iEL- n Ar: :1 Em l gsf m: uonms PETERS w. FHOTALITHQ, wnsmu UNITED STATES Patented February 23, 1904.
PATENT OFFICE.
WALL OR VAULT.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 752,694, dated February 23, 1904. Application filed October 13, 1903. Serial No. 176,910. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, J ENs GABRIEL FREDRIK LUND, engineer, a citizen of the Kingdom of Norway, and a resident of Drammen, Norway,
. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Walls or Vaults, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of arches for walls, vaults, and other arched buildings.
In the construction and erection of vaults or arches with separate artificial stones, (tiles, pressed stones, bricks, &c.,) as hitherto employed, it was necessary either to abstain from the utilization of the strength of the stone against the simultaneous tension, pressure, and cutting effect, or else the-builder was obliged to take refuge in the use of mortar or the cramping together by means of metal order to obtain between the stones a close and firm connection, whereby both the pressure resistance, tension resistance, and cutting resistance of the stones are alike utilized. The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 illustrates an arch in side elevation; Fig. 2, a portion thereof in plan. Fig. 3 is a side elevation similar to Fig. 1, showing a modification. Fig. A is a cross-section of the vault. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate how the practical execution of the close and firm connection of the stones is obtained.
As will be seen from the drawings, the stones 8 are parallelepipedons; but on the two sides which run parallel with the plane of the section they are provided with a wedge-shaped feather or tongue 2 and a corresponding groove or mortise 3. The two other sides form fiat next row, and,'as illustrated in Fig. 4, the said feather 2 of the one block fits directly into the groove 3 of the next block Without interposd mortar or cement, whereby a close and firm connection is obtained. The space 5 may be filled up with any kind of material which is not required to have binding or supporting e fi'ect. It results from this construction that each block is held up, first, by the tongue 2 i of two of the adjacent blocks lying in bond one with another, and, second, by means of the projecting edges 4 of the groove of the blocks abutting thereupon. A block consequently can only fall down if it be broken along the line a b or be cut off along the line 0 d in Fig.
2, or the feathers 2 or the projections 4 must be either cut off or broken by bending. The
' vaulting therefore operates as an elastic arch,
the strength of which depends entirely upon the natural strength of the blocks and the absolute rigid binding, which binding is formed by the engaging tongues and grooves, which firmly engage with each other.
As will be understood, the most important feature of my invention is the firm and close connection of the blocks. In order to obtain this in a secure manner, the tongues 2 and grooves 3 are wedge-shaped, as above mentioned.
Fig. 5 shows a form of construction of the blocks. The construction shown in this figure is based upon the fact that the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues corresponds accurately to the inclination of the lateral faces of the grooves; further, that the distance it is greater than the distance 72, and that the length Z is greater than Z Hereby the inclined faces must engage each other on all 3 secured. The blocks may also be formed with a double tongue and corresponding double groove, as shown in Fig. 6.
Besides the above-named constructional requirements the following ones must be added:
- Z is greater than Z and k is greater than it.
structed for experimental purposes in this manner are very strong and satisfy every practical requirement.
Havingnow described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. A stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves, breaking joints with the lines of division between each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directly a groove in the adjoining row, the tongues being wedgeshaped and the grooves correspondingly formed in such a manner, that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues and grooves corresponding whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm without interposed mortar, metal or other material.
2, A stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves,
breaking joints with the lines of division be- 4 tween each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directly a groove in the adjoining row, the adjoining surfaces Zof the blocks being sloped, the tongues of each block being wedge-shaped and the grooves correspondingly formed in such a manner, that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, the inclination of the lateral faces of the tongues and grooves corresponding whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm Without interposed mortar, metal or other material. v
3. A stone arch composed of a plurality of stones arranged in rows, the stones of each row having interlocking tongues and grooves, breaking joints with the lines of division between each adjoining row, and each row having a tongue extending throughout the length of the row and engaging directlya groove in the adjoining row, the tongues being formed as a double wedge and the grooves correspondingly formed, so that the side surfaces cannot come together and that the top of the tongues cannot reach the bottom of the grooves, whereby the connection between grooves and tongues is secured close and firm without interposed mortar, metal or other material.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature, this 17th day of August, 1903, in the presence of two witnesses.
JENS GABRIEL FREDRIK LUND.
Witnesses A. LIEBERKNEoH'r, TH. EDEL.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US752694A true US752694A (en) | 1904-02-23 |
Family
ID=2821187
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US752694D Expired - Lifetime US752694A (en) | Jens gabeiel feedeik lund |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US752694A (en) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2645115A (en) * | 1943-02-25 | 1953-07-14 | Abeles Paul William | Composite structural member and in the manufacture thereof |
US3529394A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1970-09-22 | Comstruct Inc | Modular wall corner connector |
US5024035A (en) * | 1979-10-18 | 1991-06-18 | Insulock Corporation | Building block and structures formed therefrom |
WO1999040273A1 (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 1999-08-12 | Perstorp Flooring Ab | Guiding means at a joint |
US6497079B1 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2002-12-24 | E.F.P. Floor Products Gmbh | Mechanical panel connection |
US6526719B2 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2003-03-04 | E.F.P. Floor Products Gmbh | Mechanical panel connection |
US6647689B2 (en) | 2002-02-18 | 2003-11-18 | E.F.P. Floor Products Gmbh | Panel, particularly a flooring panel |
US6681820B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2004-01-27 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Process for the manufacturing of joining profiles |
US20040244196A1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2004-12-09 | Satoru Kaimura | Metal plate for producing flat tube, flat tube and process for producing the flat tube |
US20080271403A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2008-11-06 | Jorgen Palsson | Process for sealing of a joint |
US20090126307A1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-21 | Martin Grohman | Planking system and method |
US20110173914A1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Nils-Erik Engstrom | Set of panels comprising retaining profiles with a separate clip and method for inserting the clip |
US7992358B2 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2011-08-09 | Pergo AG | Guiding means at a joint |
US8627631B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2014-01-14 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US8661762B2 (en) | 1995-03-07 | 2014-03-04 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring panel or wall panel and use thereof |
US8978334B2 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2015-03-17 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Set of panels |
US9032685B2 (en) | 1995-03-07 | 2015-05-19 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring panel or wall panel and use thereof |
US9464443B2 (en) | 1998-10-06 | 2016-10-11 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring material comprising flooring elements which are assembled by means of separate flooring elements |
-
0
- US US752694D patent/US752694A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (59)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2645115A (en) * | 1943-02-25 | 1953-07-14 | Abeles Paul William | Composite structural member and in the manufacture thereof |
US3529394A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1970-09-22 | Comstruct Inc | Modular wall corner connector |
US5024035A (en) * | 1979-10-18 | 1991-06-18 | Insulock Corporation | Building block and structures formed therefrom |
US9032685B2 (en) | 1995-03-07 | 2015-05-19 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring panel or wall panel and use thereof |
US8661762B2 (en) | 1995-03-07 | 2014-03-04 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring panel or wall panel and use thereof |
US8875465B2 (en) | 1995-03-07 | 2014-11-04 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring panel or wall panel and use thereof |
US6682254B1 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2004-01-27 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Guiding means at a joint |
US9322162B2 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2016-04-26 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Guiding means at a joint |
US7992358B2 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2011-08-09 | Pergo AG | Guiding means at a joint |
US20040057777A1 (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 2004-03-25 | Ola Olofsson | Guiding means at a joint |
US20040141804A1 (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 2004-07-22 | Ola Olofsson | Guiding means at a joint |
US7380383B2 (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2008-06-03 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Guiding means at a joint |
WO1999040273A1 (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 1999-08-12 | Perstorp Flooring Ab | Guiding means at a joint |
US9464443B2 (en) | 1998-10-06 | 2016-10-11 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring material comprising flooring elements which are assembled by means of separate flooring elements |
US6526719B2 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2003-03-04 | E.F.P. Floor Products Gmbh | Mechanical panel connection |
US6497079B1 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2002-12-24 | E.F.P. Floor Products Gmbh | Mechanical panel connection |
US20080271403A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2008-11-06 | Jorgen Palsson | Process for sealing of a joint |
US9255414B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2016-02-09 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Building panels |
US10626619B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2020-04-21 | Unilin Nordic Ab | Flooring material |
US10233653B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2019-03-19 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring material |
US10156078B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2018-12-18 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Building panels |
US8544233B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2013-10-01 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Building panels |
US8578675B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2013-11-12 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Process for sealing of a joint |
US9677285B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2017-06-13 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Building panels |
US9611656B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2017-04-04 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Building panels |
US9534397B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2017-01-03 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Flooring material |
US9316006B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2016-04-19 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Building panels |
US9260869B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2016-02-16 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Building panels |
US9482013B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2016-11-01 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9388586B1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2016-07-12 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US8904729B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2014-12-09 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US10407920B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2019-09-10 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US10125498B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2018-11-13 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9068356B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2015-06-30 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9856657B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2018-01-02 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9234356B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2016-01-12 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US8793958B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2014-08-05 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9624676B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2017-04-18 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US8627631B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2014-01-14 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US8631625B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2014-01-21 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9334657B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2016-05-10 | Flooring Industries Limted, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9376823B1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2016-06-28 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9388585B1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2016-07-12 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US9394699B1 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2016-07-19 | Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl | Floor covering |
US6681820B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2004-01-27 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Process for the manufacturing of joining profiles |
US8312686B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2012-11-20 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Process for the manufacturing of joining profiles |
US20040244196A1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2004-12-09 | Satoru Kaimura | Metal plate for producing flat tube, flat tube and process for producing the flat tube |
US7749609B2 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2010-07-06 | Showa Denko K.K. | Metal plate for producing flat tube, flat tube and process for producing the flat tube |
US7341099B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2008-03-11 | Showa Denko K.K. | Metal plate for producing flat tube, flat tube and process for producing the flat tube |
US6647689B2 (en) | 2002-02-18 | 2003-11-18 | E.F.P. Floor Products Gmbh | Panel, particularly a flooring panel |
US7644556B2 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2010-01-12 | Correct Building Products, L.L.C. | Planking system and method |
US20090126307A1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-21 | Martin Grohman | Planking system and method |
US8631623B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2014-01-21 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Set of panels comprising retaining profiles with a separate clip and method for inserting the clip |
US9115500B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2015-08-25 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Set of panels comprising retaining profiles with a separate clip and method for inserting the clip |
US8615952B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2013-12-31 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Set of panels comprising retaining profiles with a separate clip and method for inserting the clip |
US9464444B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2016-10-11 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Set of panels comprising retaining profiles with a separate clip and method for inserting the clip |
US20110173914A1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Nils-Erik Engstrom | Set of panels comprising retaining profiles with a separate clip and method for inserting the clip |
US9593491B2 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2017-03-14 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Set of panels |
US8978334B2 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2015-03-17 | Pergo (Europe) Ab | Set of panels |
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