US728041A

US728041A - Regulating device for steam-turbines.

Info

Publication number: US728041A
Authority: US
Inventors: Johann Stumpf
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1901-12-26
Filing date: 1901-12-26
Publication date: 1903-05-12
Anticipated expiration: 1920-05-12

Description

PATENTED MAY 12, 1903. I I

J. STUMPF. REGULATING DEVIGE FOR-STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED-DEG; 26, 1901 N0 MODEL.

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No. 728,041. PATENTED MAY 12. 1903.

1 J. STUMPP.

REGULATING DEVICE FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 26, .1901.

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Patented May 12,1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHANN STUMPF, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

REGULATING DEVICE 'FOR STEAM-TURBINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 728,041, dated May 12, 1903. Application filed December 26, 1901. Serial No. 87,280. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHANN STUMPF, a subject of the King of Prussia, German Emperor, and a resident of 27 Rankestrasse, Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented a new and Improved Regulating Device for Steam-Turbines, of which the following is an exact specification.

My invention relates to a regulating device for steam-turbines; and it consists of means for throttling the admission-steam in case the turbine runs too quickly.

My invention is represented in the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of part of the turbine-casing provided with the regulating device. Fig. 2 is a modification of the regulating device shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows this modification in another position. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 show further modifications of the device.

The steam is led to the turbine-wheel proper by means of a plurality of nozzles b, separated one from the other by means of partitions at. In the construction shown in Fig. 1 several nozzles are united,so as to form groups I, II, and III. The groups II and III are connected to an annular channel d, situated around the whole turbine-wheel, by means of openings 1 nected with the steam-admission pipe g, so that in this channel the steam has the same tension as the steam in the boiler. Around the annular channel d a second annularchannel cis situated. In the partition 0, separating the channel d from the channel 6, bores are provided, in which Valve-pistons 7c are situated. These valvepistons 7c are adapted to close the holes t'. For this purpose spiral springs Z are provided, which are situated between the pistons 70 and screws Z, closing the holes in the outer turbine-case, which holes serve for putting in the valves is, and which springs press the pistons it down upon the openings v The annular channel 6 is connected to the steam -admission pipe g by means of a pipe h. Within this pipe h a throttling-valve m is provided, which is adjusted by means of a governor B. One or several admission-nozzles b (in the drawings group I) are directly connected with the annular channel 6. The nozzles of the group The annular channel dis con-' I receive in consequence hereof steam entering through the channel 6 and the pipe h. The number and the diameter of these nozzles are advantageously so that the steam entering through the same is sufficient to drive the turbine-wheel in case the turbine is not loaded at all. The arrangement of these nozzles has the purpose that the steam can always stream otI the channel 2, which is necessary in order to attain an exact efiect of the device. Y

The efiect of the device is as follows: The throttling-valve m, situated in the pipe h, is constructed so as to, beopened in case the turbine runs too quickly and to be closed in case the revolutions of the same are diminished. When the turbine does not run, the valve m will therefore be closed, while in case of high revolutionsit will be opened. When the turbine shall be started, all the valves 70, as well as the throttling-valve m,will be closed. As soon as steam is led in through the pipe 9 this steam will enter the annular channel d, while in the channel 6, in consequence of the valve m beingclo'sed, nearly no steam at all will be contained. By the efiect of the steam in the channel d the valves 70 will be opened against the elfect of the spiral springs Z, so that the steam can enter through the openings 11 and stream through the nozzles b to the turbine-wheel, which in consequence hereof begins to rotate. As soon as the required number of revolutions is attained the governor begins its activity, consistingin more or less opening the throttling-valve m. By opening this valve on the pressure in the annular channel eincreases, so that the spiral springs Zwill come in activity and will more or less closet-he valves k, thereby reducing the quantity of steam streaming through the nozzles b and reducing in consequence thereof the number of revolutions. In case now the number of revolutions gets too low the throttle-valve m is closed again by the governor. In consequence thereof the pres sure in the channel e is reduced and the valves hare opened more and more, so that more 'steam can stream to the openingst'. It will be understood that by choosing spiral springs Z with different tensions or different forms of Valve-pistons k the arrangement can be such as to effect that all the valves is do not come in activity in the same moment, but that the several groups of nozzles get steam one after the other. In case the turbine runs without being loaded at all the governor R opens the valve on perfectly, so that in the channel 6 the same pressure is contained as in the channel d and all the valves It will be closed by the effect of the spiral springs Z, the steam only streaming upon the turbine-wheel through the nozzles of the group I. This steam, as mentioned above, is sufficient for rotating the turbinewheel in this case.

The construction shown in Figs. 2 and 3 differs from the construction shown in Fig. 1 by the openings between the channel (Z and the groups of nozzles not being opened at once as soon as the steam is led in, but being opened gradually. For this purpose small cylinders n are arranged in the partition between the channel cZ and the chambers f. These cylinders are connected with the chambersfby the channels 0. Within the cylinders 'n pistons 19 are provided, which pistons are connected by means of a connecting-rod q with pistons r, situated in a cylindrical bore 8, provided in the partition separating the channels (Z and e. The pistons r are solid, while the pistons 13 are provided with holes or slots running parallel to the curved sides of the same. The spring Z in this construction is situated between the screw Z and the piston r. In order to attain a better efiect, the piston may be provided with differential surfaces. In its lowest position, Fig. 2, the piston 19 closes the channels 0. Now in case the pressure in the channel d is so much greater than the pressure in the channel e that the piston r is moved against the tension of the spring Z and against the pressure in the channel e the piston 19 will open the channels 0, as may be seen from Fig. 3. This opening naturally takes place gradually and not suddenly, as in the construction shown in Fig. 1.

Instead of arranging groups of nozzles, for each of which groups one or several valves are provided, a special valve may be provided for each nozzle-as shown, for instance, in the vertical cross-section shown in Fig. 4;. In this construction the nozzles 79 are situated partly within the annular channel cZ, connected to the steam-admission pipe g. The arrangement of the annular channel 6 and the connection of the same to the admission-pipe g by means of the pipe 71., as well as the arrangement of the governor and the throttlingvalve, may be the same as in the construction described above. Each nozzle b is closed by means of a valve 75. This valve 7:; is connected by means of a connecting-rod q with a piston 7', moving in a cylindrical bore of the turbinecasing. A spiral spring Z is provided in the same way as described above, which tends to close thevalve k. pistons r are connected by the passages v with the annular channel e. The effect of this modification is the same as that of the construction first-described. In case the pres- The spaces a above the sure in the channel d is higher than the pressure within the channel 6, together with the tension of the springs Z, the valves 7:; will be opened. In case the steam-pressure in the channel 6 and the springs Z together have more power than the steam-pressure in the channel (Z the valves will be closed, so that no more steam can enter the nozzles Z).

In the construction shown in Fig. 5 the valve is connected by means of the connecting-rod q to the piston 0, which is situated in a cylindrical bore of the turbine-casing. y is a packing for preventing the steam contained in the channeld from entering into the cylindrical bore. The space 25' above the piston 7" is connected by the channel t with the annular channel (Z. The annular channel e is in the same way as in the construction as shown in Fig. 4 connected with each cylindrical bore for one ofthe pistons 1" by means of the passages e. The space beneath the piston 0' is called 15 in the drawing. In this construction the steam contained in the annular channel d and entering the space '6 through the channel 25 tends to close the valve 75. The opening of the valve is effected by means of the spiral springZ and the steam contained in the annular channel e, the pres sure of which steam is regulated by means of a governor and a throttle-valve in the same way as in the construction shown in Fig. 1. The governor in this construction must be connected with the throttling-valve in that way that in case the revolutions increase the throttling-valve is closed, so that in the space Z --that is to say, beneath the piston rthe steam pressure is diminished. In starting the turbine the throttling-valve consequently will be open and the same pressure will be on both sides of the pistons 1', the opening of the valves 7t being effected only by the spiral springs Z. In case the revolutions of the turbine are too high the throttling-valve will be closed by the governor, and the steam-pressure in the annular channel e and in the space i underneath the piston 7- will be diminished, so that the valves will be closed by the overpressure in the space t.

In Fig. 6 of the drawings another modification is shown, in which modification the spiral springs Z are done away with. The opening and closing of the valves 70 is in this construction effected only by the difference of the pressure on both sides of the pistons. The valve 70, which may be destined for a single nozzle b or for a group of nozzles, is connected by means of the connecting-rod q with the piston a". This piston is situated in a steam-cylinder closed .on both sides. The spaces to above the pistons are connected with an annular channel 10 by means of passages v. The spaces u underneath the pistons are connected with an annular channel 10 by means of passages 42. Both annular channels to and w are connected with a governor. In the channel cZis the full steampressure. In this construction the valves 70 will never adopt a throttling position, but will either be perfectly closed or perfectly opened. It will be understood that also in this construction spiral springs may be pro vided above or underneath the pistons r, which'spiral springs have the purpose of attaining that not all the valves are opened or closed simultaneously but one after the other.

Having thus fully described the nature of this invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. Ina regulating device for steam and gas turbines, the combination of the steam-ad:

mission nozzles b with valves is for closing these nozzles, a channel 61 directly connected to the steam-admission pipe g, said channel being connected to the nozzles by means of the valves is mentioned above, a second channel 6 connected to some of the nozzles 19 and to the pistons of the valves is, said channel being connected to the steam-admission pipe g by means of a passage h and throttling means situated in this passage, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a regulating device for steam and gas turbines, the combination of the steam-admission nozzles b with valves is for closing these nozzles, a channel (l directly connected to the steam-admission pipe g, said channel being connected to the nozzles by means of the valves 70 mentioned above, a second channel e connected to some of the nozzles 12 andto the pistons of the valves 10, said channel being connected to the steam-admission pipe g by means of a passage h, throttling means situated in this passage and means for operatingthe same, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a regulating device for steam and gas turbines, the combination of the steam-admission nozzles with valves it for closing these nozzles, a channel d directly connected to the steam-admission pipe g, said channel mission nozzles 17 with valves is for closing these nozzles, a channel d directly connected to the steam-ad mission pipe g, said channel being connected to the nozzles by means of the valves 70 mentioned above, a second channel 6 connected to some of the nozzles 17 and to the pistons of the valves in, said channel being connected to the steam-admission pipe g by means of a passage h, throttling means situated in this passage, a governor for operating the same and means for opening and closing the valves 7c,substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

J OHANN STUMPF. Witnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.