US718918A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 718,918. PATENTED JAN. 20, 1903. L. E. GRESPIN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 21, 1902.

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LUOIEN EMILE CRESPIN, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

STEAlt/l-TU REINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 718,918, dated January 20, 1903.

Application filed January 21, 1902. Serial No. 90,678. (N0 model-J To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, LUGIEN EMILE Guns- PIN, a citizen of the French Republic, residing at 52 Rue Lemercier, Paris, in the department of the Seine, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam- Turbines; and I do declare the following to oe a full, clear, and exact description ol' the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the ligures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to steam-turbines of the type or class hereinafter described in which there are a plurality of turbine-wheels constructed to be successively acted upon eX- pansively by the steam. In steam-turbines of this class as at present constructed leakage between various parts of the turbine which are subjected to different pressures is 4attempted to be prevented by concentric surfaces, which may or may not be channeled and which have a diameter approximate to that of the turbine-wheel or even a little greater. It is evident that these surfaces must be made with great care, as the least diierence in their diameters must lead to an important'escape of steam because of the great length of the circumferential opening.

My present improvements consist in, first, so arranging the path of the steam in the turning element that it issues therefrom only when its work is completed; second, in so constructing the joints between the various chambers as to reduce the possible area of leakage by making them of a diameter which is always less than that of the turbinewheels.

I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate my improvements as embodied in a triple-expansion steam-turbine employed to drive a dynamo.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section through the axis of the turbine, Fig. 2 a side elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan.

The working parts are inclosed in a stationary casing l, mounted on a suitable pedestal 2. Secured to the top of the casing is a hollow head 3, to which live steam is conducted through the flanged coupling 3'. Inside the head 3 is a valveseat 4 for a stopvalve 5, which can be opened and closed by a screw-spindle 6 and hand-wheel 7. A centrifugal governor 8 controls a throttle-valve 9, which governs the iow of steam passing through the stop-valve into the depending neck 10, fixed centrally in the casing 1. At the lower end of the neck and communicating therewith is a circular disk-shaped hollow head l1, in the periphery of which are the nozzles l2 for the escape of the highpressure steam. Below this head, but not communicating with it, is a central tubular neck 15, having ports 16 in its walls and opening into a second iat circular hollow head 17, having nozzles 18 in the periphery. A second depending central tubular neck 19, with ports 20 and communicating with a flat circular hollow head 21, lies below the head 17. The head 21 has nozzles 22 in its periphery. The heads are of progressively greater depth to permit an expansion ot' the steam as it passes from one to the other.

Surrounding the heads and necks is a rotatable shell 23, having a bearing 24 at its upper end surrounding the neck 10 and secured at its lower end to a iange 25 on an upright shaft 26', whose upper end is journaled in a boss 27 on the lower head 2l. The shell 23 has two inwardly-projecting hollow ribs 28 29,

which at their inner edges t snugly around the necks 15 19, respectively, and have ports 30 3l entering an annular groove 32 33, surrounding the ports 16 20. Packing-rings 34E are interposed between the necks and the adjacent surfaces of the ribs to make tight joints. Those portions of the ribs which are adjacent to the peripheries of the circular heads 11 17 have buckets 35 36 formed therein to cooperate with the nozzles l2 18, said buckets communicating with the interior of the hollow ribs. The shell also has a set of buckets 37 cooperating with the nozzles .22 and opening out into the casing 1.

The shaft 26 has a collar 38 resting in a ball-bearing 39 to support the weight of the turning mass. It also passes through a guidebearing 40 and has at its lower end a ange 42, fastened to a similar lange on the armature-shaft of the generator, whose commutator is shown at 43. A belt L14 connects the IOO shaft 26 with an upright shaft 45, geared to the centrifugal governor 8.

The high-pressure steam flows down the fixed neck 10 and out through the nozzles 12, reacting upon the buckets 35 and imparting rotary motion to the shell 23 and shaft 26. The steam passes from the buckets into the hollow rib 28 and by means of the ports 30, groove 32, and ports 16 into the tubular neck 15. Here it flows down into the hollow midpressure head 17 and out through the nozzles 18, reacting upon the buckets 36 and thence entering the hollow rib 29. From this it passes by way of the ports 3l, groove 33, and ports 20 into the tubular neck 19, thence to the hollow low-pressure head 21, nozzles 22, and buckets 37 into the casing 1.-, from which it is led away by a suitable exhaust-Pipe 46 to the atmosphere or to a condenser.

Having described my invention, what I claim is- In a multiple-expansion steam-turbine, the combination with a plurality of fixed tubular necks, in line with each other, all but the upper necks having ports in their Walls, of flat, circular hollow heads each communicating with the neck above it only, and having nozzles in its periphery, a rotatable shell concentric With said necks and heads, and having internal buckets registering with said nozzles, and internal hollow ribs on said shell communicating With said buckets and itting said necks, and provided with ports and annular grooves in line with the ports in said necks.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of the witnesses.

LUCIEN EMILE CRESPIN.

Witnesses:

E. GURIN, STEWART SANDER, EDWARD P. MACLEAN.

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