US7171747B2 - Method for producing a honeycomb body, and a honeycomb body - Google Patents
Method for producing a honeycomb body, and a honeycomb body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7171747B2 US7171747B2 US10/650,054 US65005403A US7171747B2 US 7171747 B2 US7171747 B2 US 7171747B2 US 65005403 A US65005403 A US 65005403A US 7171747 B2 US7171747 B2 US 7171747B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sheet metal
- honeycomb body
- associated hole
- measurement sensor
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 116
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
- F01N2330/04—Methods of manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49345—Catalytic device making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49764—Method of mechanical manufacture with testing or indicating
- Y10T29/49771—Quantitative measuring or gauging
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing honeycomb bodies, and to a honeycomb body.
- Honeycomb bodies whose fundamental construction is known, for example, from European Patent EP 0 245 737 B1, European Patent EP 0 430 945 B1 corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,139,844, and British Patent GB 1,452,982 are widely used in automobile construction, and they are used in particular as catalytic converter support bodies in the exhaust gas processing system. As the limit values for the permissible hazardous emission concentrations in the exhaust gas emitted into the environment from an automobile are reduced ever further by lawmakers, methods which allow the exhaust gas processing process to be controlled are becoming ever more important.
- the measurement sensors which are required for such control and which allow, for example, the exhaust gas composition or else hazardous emission concentrations in the exhaust gas to be measured are a major component of an exhaust gas processing system which is operated in a controlled manner.
- the sensors are dependent on honeycomb bodies which allow the accommodation of one or more measurement sensors to provide data for controlling the catalytic processing, for example as known from German Utility Model DE 88 16 154 U1.
- the measurements sensors that are used include, for example, probes that are used to determine the exhaust gas composition, such as lambda probes, as well as hydrocarbon sensors (HC sensors) that measure the hydrocarbon content of the exhaust gas.
- HC sensors hydrocarbon sensors
- a further possibility is for a hole, for example, to be drilled in the honeycomb body after it has been wound.
- This method has various disadvantages.
- a method step such as this cannot be introduced within the process steps that generally already exist. In fact, this results in an additional process step, which must be carried out later. This leads to considerably greater production costs for the production of honeycomb bodies of this type.
- a catalytically active coating has already been applied, it is possible while producing the hole for the catalytically active layer to become delaminated from the sheet metal layers that are used. This also reduces the efficiency of the honeycomb body during use.
- the drilling process also leads to partial blocking of the channels. This method, which in principle would also allow introduction of measurement sensors into ceramic honeycomb bodies, thus cannot be used without problems.
- the method according to the invention is used for producing a honeycomb body from a predetermined number of sheet metal layers from at least one supply roll, at least some of which are at least partially structured sheet metal layers whose structure allows a fluid to flow through the honeycomb body.
- the honeycomb body In its interior, has a predetermined free volume for a measurement sensor.
- the method includes the following steps:
- the steps b), c), d) and e) can be carried out in any desired sequence.
- a structured sheet metal layer preferably a corrugated sheet metal layer
- the method also allows the construction of honeycomb bodies from a single metal sheet or from two or more metal sheets, as well as the construction of honeycomb bodies from one or more stacks of sheet metal layers. According to the invention, it is also possible to construct the honeycomb body from a single at least partially structured metal sheet.
- the sheet metal layer can easily be identified since it is known during the production process where the section of the sheet metal strip that is currently to be processed will be located later in the honeycomb body. This can be done, for example, by an automatic apparatus for counting down the sheet metal layers that have been produced, in which the sheet metal layers are processed successively (from the inside outwards) with respect to their position in the honeycomb body after the winding process, although other solutions are also possible and are within the scope of the invention. In any case, the registration of the production steps and the movement of the sheet metal layer allow identification of the sheet metal layer.
- the hole positions and the associated hole edges which are stored in the memory are specific to each sheet metal layer. If one of the n sheet metal layers which are required to produce the honeycomb body is identified as the sheet metal layer N 1 , the at least one hole edge and the at least one hole position which are associated with the sheet metal layer N 1 , can be read from the memory. A similar situation applies to all the subsequent sheet metal layers N 2 , N 3 , N 4 , . . . , Nn.
- a hole edge is a curve which is closed in a coordinate system that is defined relative to the hole position.
- each sheet metal layer Ni is configured to be different, while in another refinement an identical hole edge is used for all the sheet metal layers.
- the hole positions may also be located outside the identified section of the sheet metal strip, which results in that the section is not perforated. It is also possible for there to be two or more hole positions in each section. It is just as possible for the section to be intended to have two or more holes, some of which are also only partially formed. This depends, for example, on the type of honeycomb body and further parameters such as the cell density, that is to say the number of cells per unit cross-sectional area. All of this information is stored in a suitable manner in the memory, and can be called up from it.
- the method step for structuring may not just contain pure corrugation but, in fact, there are also embodiments according to the invention in which the sheet metal layers to be structured can be provided with primary and secondary structures, or two or more corrugation steps may be carried out one after the other in order, for example, to produce quite specific corrugation shapes.
- a sheet metal strip is produced which, for example, is corrugated on one half and represents smooth layers on the other half.
- a sheet metal strip such as this allows, for example, a spiral honeycomb body to be wound with a large number of sheet metal layers in a simple manner.
- a suitable combination of smooth and structured layers can be used to produce sheet metal stacks that can be wound to form honeycomb bodies. Once the sheet metal layers or the corresponding sheet metal stacks have been wound to form a honeycomb structure, they can be introduced into a casing tube.
- various connecting steps can be provided, for example soldering.
- soldering it may be necessary to ensure appropriate solder distribution over the sheet metal layers by appropriate methods such as gluing, tinning and application of a passivation layer, so that a robust connection is produced between the individual sheet metal layers, as well as between the honeycomb structure and the casing tube, during the soldering process. Connection by welding is also possible.
- the hole positions and the hole edges in the respective sheet metal layers are chosen such that a cohesive cavity is produced in the honeycomb body, whose free volume essentially corresponds at least to the volume of the measurement sensor which is introduced into the honeycomb body. This advantageously makes it possible to produce honeycomb bodies which have one measurement sensor, and in which little effective surface area is lost.
- the dimensions of the at least one hole in a sheet metal layer are larger by a predetermined tolerance value than the projection of the cross section of the measurement sensor onto the corresponding sheet metal layer.
- the stored hole position and/or the stored hole edge are determined for each sheet metal layer from the projection of the cross section of the measurement sensor onto the sheet metal layer in the wound state. This advantageously allows the required hole shapes to be determined very accurately, in order to produce a free volume for holding the measurement sensor.
- the hole position and/or the hole edge can be derived before storage from a mathematical model calculation. Once the identification of the sheet metal layers is known, that is to say once the relative position of the sheet metal layer after the winding process is known, this allows the hole position and hole edges to be calculated from different sensors at different positions within the honeycomb body.
- the hole position and/or the hole edge are determined for each sheet metal layer, before storage, on the basis of empirical values. This advantageously makes it possible to determine hole shapes and hole positions, even when no mathematical model exists for describing the corresponding honeycomb body.
- the stored values for the hole position and/or the hole edge are adapted on the basis of the actual tolerance values between the measurement sensor and the free volume. This allows direct feedback to the production process as a function, for example, of batch-dependent production tolerances. It is thus possible to reduce material losses and losses of effective surface area by direct feedback even during the production process.
- the holes are formed such that the cross section of the free volume allows the introduction of a measurement sensor with an essentially circular, oval or polygonal cross section, preferably an oval or quadrilateral cross section. It is particularly preferable in this context for the hole shape to be essentially oval. This takes account of the curvature of the sheet metal layers in the final honeycomb body.
- a lambda probe or an HC sensor preferably a lambda probe
- a lambda probe are introduced as the measurement sensor. This advantageously allows the production of catalytic converters which have an integrated lambda probe or an integrated HC sensor, and which can be used, for example, to control an exhaust gas purification system.
- an apparatus which is used for producing honeycomb bodies with a free volume for holding an integrated measurement sensor.
- the honeycomb bodies are produced from one or more metal sheets, at least some of which are at least partially structured such that their structure makes it possible for a fluid to flow through the honeycomb body.
- the apparatus has an identification unit for identification of a section of the metal sheet which will later form a specific sheet metal layer, with respect to its subsequent position in the honeycomb body, has a memory for storage of at least one hole edge and at least one hole position for each individual sheet metal layer in the honeycomb body, has a perforation unit with a perforation tool, if required structuring and reduction tools, and a stacking or winding unit.
- the memory and the perforation unit are connected via signal lines for transmission of the at least one hole edge and the at least one hole position.
- the apparatus advantageously allows the production of a free volume for holding honeycomb bodies that have a measurement sensor.
- the identification unit identifies the sheet metal layers with respect to their subsequent position in the honeycomb body in the wound state.
- the memory contains the hole forms and hole positions that are specific to the sheet metal layers, and these are transmitted via signal lines to a perforation unit, which then uses the perforation tool to produce the holes at the appropriate positions with the appropriate hole edges.
- the hole positions and/or hole edges are determined from the section surface area of the measurement sensor with the sheet metal layers in the wound state. This allows the appropriate hole positions and hole edges to be determined and stored in a simple manner for each individual sheet metal layer, thus making it possible to produce a honeycomb body with a continuous free volume which corresponds essentially to the volume of the measurement sensor introduced into the honeycomb body.
- a measurement sensor it is particularly preferable for a measurement sensor to have a circular, oval or polygonal cross section, preferably an oval or quadrilateral cross section.
- the perforation tool produces an essentially oval cross section. This makes it possible to take account of the curved character of the sheet metal layers in the wound state.
- a honeycomb body that has been produced using the method according to the invention or using the apparatus according to the invention is also within the scope of the invention.
- the measurement sensor is formed in the first 50% of the longitudinal extent of the honeycomb body in the flow direction, preferably in the first 30%, and particularly preferably in the first 15%.
- a lambda probe were used, by way of example, although fitting the lambda probe as close as possible to the engine would on the one hand ensure that the exhaust gas purification system can be controlled very quickly, fitting the lambda probe upstream of the first honeycomb body would, on the other hand, subject it to the risk of damage since any water droplets in the exhaust gas during a cold start could actually lead to damage to the lambda probe, referred to as a water shock. It is thus advantageous to fit the lambda probe in the front area of the honeycomb body, since this avoids the risk of water shock. Any water droplets that are present strike the honeycomb body, where they are vaporized. Even during the cold starting phase, the honeycomb body very quickly reaches a sufficiently high temperature even in the end area that the water droplets can vaporize. Otherwise, water droplets are at least absorbed, or their impact is damped.
- the penetration depth of the measurement sensor into the honeycomb body is less than 25% of the diameter of the honeycomb body, and is preferably less than 20%. This advantageously allows the introduction of a measurement sensor that allows effective control of an exhaust gas purification device, which contains the honeycomb body, with as little loss of effective surface area of the honeycomb body as possible at the same time.
- the measurement sensor is a lambda probe or an HC sensor.
- a lambda probe or of a hydrocarbon sensor advantageously allows the exhaust gas purification device in the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine or of an automobile, for example, to be controlled.
- the use of a lambda probe in a system such as this has been particularly proven, and is preferred.
- a honeycomb body produced using the method according to the invention and/or by an apparatus according to the invention is used as a catalytic converter support body in the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine, in particular for the internal combustion engine in a passenger vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one exemplary embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic, plan view of one example of a perforated sheet-metal strip according to the invention, with two sections;
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of a detail from a honeycomb body according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a honeycomb body according to the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention and of an apparatus according to the invention.
- a sheet metal strip 2 is unwound from a supply roll 1 .
- a suitable device for example a rotor 3 directed upstream or in an inlet area of a perforation unit 9 , which device is connected via signal lines which are not shown to an identification unit 5 , make it possible in the identification unit 5 in conjunction with further information from the production process, such as the required number n of sheet metal layers, which are identical to a corresponding section 6 of the sheet metal strip 2 , to determine where the respective section 6 of the sheet metal strip 2 which is currently being processed will later be located in a honeycomb body 7 after a winding process.
- the section 6 of the sheet metal strip 2 is identified as section N 1 .
- the expressions section and sheet metal layer are essentially synonymous.
- a specific section of the sheet metal strip becomes a specific sheet metal layer in a honeycomb body composed of a large number of sheet metal layers in the course of the rest of the production process.
- the sheet metal layers are individual metal sheets, that is to say whether the sections are separated in the course of the production process, or, as in the case of a spiral wound honeycomb body by way of example, they remain cohesive, depends on the type of honeycomb body.
- the identification of the section 6 of the sheet metal strip 2 that is currently being processed is transmitted via a first signal line 8 to the perforation unit 9 .
- the perforation unit 9 is connected to a memory 11 via a second signal line 10 , and it can thus read the coordinate set associated with the identified section N 1 , containing at least one hole position 12 and at least one hole edge 13 .
- Each hole edge 13 contains a closed curve, measured in the coordinates relative to the associated hole position 12 .
- a perforation tool 4 may be a stamping tool, but the use of cutting and milling tools, for example a laser cutting tool, is also possible and within the scope of the invention.
- a structuring tool 14 may be used, if required, to produce at least partial structuring of the section 6 .
- the structuring may, for example, contain corrugations, although other structures are also possible. It is also possible to use two or more structuring tools 14 which then, for example, form primary and secondary structures with different amplitudes, or which can also apply special structural shapes, which cannot be produced by a structuring tool 14 , to the section 6 . In any case, it is possible to reduce the amplitude of the structure by a reduction tool 15 . When smooth sheet metal layers are being produced, there is no need to use the structuring tools 14 .
- a separation unit 16 if required separates the section 6 from the sheet metal strip 2 .
- the separation unit 16 is connected to the identification unit 5 via a third signal line 17 .
- the third signal line 17 can be used to interchange data in both directions between the identification unit 5 and the separation unit 16 , so that the current operating state of the separation unit 16 can also be used for identification of that section 6 of the sheet metal strip 2 that is currently being processed.
- the feedback to the identification unit S synchronizes the individual production steps in the various units and tools 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 , so that the system knows in each production step the unit 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 in which each section Ni is located.
- a sheet metal layer 18 is formed which may either be smooth or may at least partially be structured, depending on the use of the structuring tools 14 on the section 6 .
- the sheet metal layers 18 are passed to a stacking and winding unit 19 where two or more sections N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , . . . are stacked to form sheet metal stacks where necessary for the honeycomb body type that is to be produced.
- n sheet metal layers 18 or sections 6 are then wound to form a honeycomb structure 20 which, if required, is provided with a casing tube 21 and is then connected by suitable connection measures to form the honeycomb body 7 .
- the honeycomb body 7 leaves the stacking and winding unit 19 .
- the stacking and winding unit 19 is also connected to the identification unit 5 via a fourth signal line 22 .
- the data relating to the current situation in the stacking and winding unit 19 can thus be used for identification of the component that is currently being processed. It is thus possible, for example, to use the number Nk of the sheet metal layers 18 which are already located in the stacking and winding unit 19 for identification.
- This method is carried out for all the sheet metal layers 18 , that is to say for the sheet metal layers N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , . . . until the n correct sheet metal layers 18 or sheet metal stacks are present in the stacking and winding unit 19 , following which a honeycomb structure 20 is wound and is connected to a casing tube 21 to form a honeycomb body 7 .
- Departures from the sequence chosen are, if applicable, structures, preferably corrugations, definition of the hole shape and hole position, holes and, if appropriate, separation may also be made within the scope of the invention. Any desired combination of, if required, structuring, preferably corrugations, determination of hole shape and hole position, holes and, if required, separation is possible and is within the scope of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the sheet metal strip 2 perforated according to the invention. This shows two sections 6 , which have been identified as the section N 1 and the section N 2 .
- the section N 1 contains a first hole 23
- the section N 2 contains a second hole 24 . These are each defined by the hole position 12 and the hole edge 13 defined relative to it.
- the hole positions 12 and the hole edges 13 have been read from the memory 11 by the perforation unit 9 after identification of the sections N 1 , N 2 , by the identification unit 5 .
- the perforation tool 4 of the perforation unit 9 has produced the appropriate holes 23 , 24 , for example by stamping or cutting them out, in each section N 1 , N 2 .
- the hole positions 12 and hole edges 13 in the various sections N 1 and N 2 and, if appropriate, later sheet metal layers N 1 and N 2 and further sections N 1 are determined such that a cohesive free volume 25 is formed in the wound honeycomb body 7 .
- FIG. 3 shows the honeycomb body 7 according to the invention with the honeycomb structure 20 and the casing tube 21 .
- the honeycomb structure 20 is formed from smooth layers 26 and corrugated layers 27 , only half of which are shown for the sake of clarity, but which form channels 28 through which a fluid can flow.
- a measurement sensor 29 is introduced into the honeycomb body 7 , in the free volume 25 that is bounded by the hold edges 13 , which are provided with reference symbols for example purposes.
- the free volume 25 is somewhat larger than the volume of the measurement sensor 29 that is introduced since, in order to compensate for any production tolerances that may occur, the extent of the hole edge 13 is somewhat larger than the corresponding cross section of the measurement sensor 29 .
- the hole depth 32 is also correspondingly somewhat larger than a recessed length 33 of the measurement sensor 29 .
- the oblique installation of the measurement sensor 29 as shown here leads to a third tolerance value 34 between the contact surface 35 of the measurement sensor 29 and the casing tube 21 . If the measurement sensor 29 were to be introduced into the honeycomb body 7 in a straight line—as is also possible according to the invention—the third tolerance value 34 would not occur.
- FIG. 4 shows a honeycomb body 7 that contains the casing tube 21 and the honeycomb structure 20 and has the cohesive free volume 25 , into which the measurement sensor 29 is inserted, for example a lambda probe 29 .
- the measurement sensor 29 is located in the front axial area of the honeycomb body 7 in the flow direction 36 , in order to reduce the risk of the measurement sensor 29 being destroyed by water shocks.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10112678.6 | 2001-03-16 | ||
DE10112678A DE10112678C2 (de) | 2001-03-16 | 2001-03-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Wabenkörpers mit Aufnahme für einen Sensor |
DE10208871A DE10208871A1 (de) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-03-01 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Wabenkörpers sowie Wabenkörper |
DE10208871.3 | 2002-03-01 | ||
PCT/EP2002/002919 WO2002075126A1 (de) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-03-15 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines wabenkörpers sowie wabenkörper |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/002919 Continuation WO2002075126A1 (de) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-03-15 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines wabenkörpers sowie wabenkörper |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040159358A1 US20040159358A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
US7171747B2 true US7171747B2 (en) | 2007-02-06 |
Family
ID=26008796
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/650,054 Expired - Lifetime US7171747B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2003-08-26 | Method for producing a honeycomb body, and a honeycomb body |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7171747B2 (ru) |
EP (1) | EP1368558B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP4170764B2 (ru) |
KR (1) | KR100865049B1 (ru) |
CN (1) | CN1330861C (ru) |
AT (1) | ATE326622T1 (ru) |
DE (2) | DE10208871A1 (ru) |
ES (1) | ES2261654T3 (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2279557C2 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2002075126A1 (ru) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090133383A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-05-28 | Shost Mark A | Selective NOx catalytic reduction system including an ammonia sensor |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004001419A1 (de) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Herstellung eines strukturierten Bleches für Abgasbehandlungseinrichtungen |
ES2310290T3 (es) | 2003-05-30 | 2009-01-01 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Fabricacion de una chapa estructurada para dispositivos de tratamiento de gas de escape. |
DE10345896A1 (de) | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Beschichteter Wabenkörper mit Messfühler |
DE102004027907A1 (de) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-29 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Regelsystem für eine mobile Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
DE102004063546A1 (de) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-13 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Wabenkörper mit zumindest teilweise keramischer Wabenstruktur und Aufnahme für Messfühler |
DE102005006262A1 (de) | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-24 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Verfahren zur Positionierung eines Messfühlers in einem Wabenkörper, entsprechender Wabenkörper und Kraftfahrzeug |
US8110154B2 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2012-02-07 | Katcon Global S.A. | Exhaust treatment device with sensor and method of making |
DE102007042281A1 (de) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-03-12 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Anbringen einer Sonde an einer Abgasbehandlungseinrichtung |
JP5068207B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-25 | 2012-11-07 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
DE102008025593A1 (de) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-03 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Metallischer Wabenkörper mit definierten Verbindungsstellen |
EP2148057B1 (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2011-09-07 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Catalytic converter system |
DE102008036127A1 (de) * | 2008-08-01 | 2010-02-04 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Abgasanlage mit Lambda-Regelung |
JP5188435B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2013-04-24 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
RU2507049C1 (ru) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-20 | Владислав Григорьевич Вохмянин | Способ в.г. вохмянина изготовления цилиндрической детали с отверстием неограниченной длины |
RU2522675C2 (ru) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-07-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт "Сигнал" (ОАО "ВНИИ "Сигнал") | Способ управления трехфазным вентильным двигателем |
RU2507050C1 (ru) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-02-20 | Владислав Григорьевич Вохмянин | Способ в.г. вохмянина изготовления цилиндрической детали с отверстием неограниченной длины |
RU2563565C1 (ru) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-09-20 | Владислав Григорьевич Вохмянин | Способ в.г. вохмянина получения малых и сверх малых высот канальных отверстий в устройствах протока жидкостей и газов |
CN107100704A (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-29 | 浙江大学 | 适用于dpf射频测量中防泄漏及抗干扰的射频截止环 |
DE102020214867A1 (de) | 2020-11-26 | 2022-06-02 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung mit einem Adsorber |
CN114713872B (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2024-02-23 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种蜂窝夹芯组件钻孔损伤抑制方法 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1452982A (en) | 1973-01-20 | 1976-10-20 | Behr M | Catalytic reactor matrix for cleaning internal combustion engine exhaust gases and a method of manufacturing the same |
JPS6412018A (en) * | 1987-07-04 | 1989-01-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Working method for air-fuel ratio sensor inserting hole in metal carrier catalyzer |
DE8816154U1 (de) | 1988-12-29 | 1989-02-09 | Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart | Trägerkörper für einen katalytischen Reaktor zur Abgasreinigung |
US4832998A (en) | 1986-05-12 | 1989-05-23 | Interatom Gmbh | Honeycomb body, especially a catalyst carrier body having sheet metal layers twisted in opposite directions and a method for producing the same |
EP0430945B1 (de) | 1988-09-22 | 1992-03-11 | Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH | Wabenkörper, insbesondere katalysator-trägerkörper, aus einer mehrzahl verschlungener blechstapel |
US5307626A (en) | 1990-03-19 | 1994-05-03 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine, using the current temperature of a downstream catalytic converter |
US5658536A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-08-19 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus |
US5791043A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1998-08-11 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Process of producing metal catalyst carrier |
DE10112678A1 (de) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-10-02 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Wabenkörpers mit Aufnahme für einen Sensor |
US6761980B2 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2004-07-13 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Metallic catalyst carrier |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4241469A1 (de) * | 1992-12-09 | 1994-06-16 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Katalytischer Konverter mit zwei oder mehr Wabenkörpern in einem Mantelrohr und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE19530835A1 (de) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-02-27 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wabenkörpers unter Verwendung schichtartig aufgebauter Bleche mit Lotmaterial |
-
2002
- 2002-03-01 DE DE10208871A patent/DE10208871A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-15 EP EP02716834A patent/EP1368558B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-15 RU RU2003130066/06A patent/RU2279557C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-15 DE DE50206811T patent/DE50206811D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-15 ES ES02716834T patent/ES2261654T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-15 KR KR1020037012104A patent/KR100865049B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-15 AT AT02716834T patent/ATE326622T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-15 CN CNB028067088A patent/CN1330861C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-15 WO PCT/EP2002/002919 patent/WO2002075126A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-15 JP JP2002574499A patent/JP4170764B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-08-26 US US10/650,054 patent/US7171747B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1452982A (en) | 1973-01-20 | 1976-10-20 | Behr M | Catalytic reactor matrix for cleaning internal combustion engine exhaust gases and a method of manufacturing the same |
EP0245737B1 (de) | 1986-05-12 | 1989-08-23 | INTERATOM Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Wabenkörper, insbesondere Katalysator-Trägerkörper, mit gegensinnig verschlungenen Metallblechschichten und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US4832998A (en) | 1986-05-12 | 1989-05-23 | Interatom Gmbh | Honeycomb body, especially a catalyst carrier body having sheet metal layers twisted in opposite directions and a method for producing the same |
JPS6412018A (en) * | 1987-07-04 | 1989-01-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Working method for air-fuel ratio sensor inserting hole in metal carrier catalyzer |
US5105539A (en) | 1988-09-22 | 1992-04-21 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Process for manufacturing a honeycomb body, in particular a catalyst carrier body, formed of a plurality of entwined bundles of sheet metal |
EP0430945B1 (de) | 1988-09-22 | 1992-03-11 | Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH | Wabenkörper, insbesondere katalysator-trägerkörper, aus einer mehrzahl verschlungener blechstapel |
US5139844A (en) | 1988-09-22 | 1992-08-18 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fur Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Honeycomb body, in particular catalyst carrier body, formed of a plurality of entwined bundles of sheet metal |
DE8816154U1 (de) | 1988-12-29 | 1989-02-09 | Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart | Trägerkörper für einen katalytischen Reaktor zur Abgasreinigung |
US5307626A (en) | 1990-03-19 | 1994-05-03 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine, using the current temperature of a downstream catalytic converter |
US5658536A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-08-19 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus |
US5791043A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1998-08-11 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Process of producing metal catalyst carrier |
US6761980B2 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2004-07-13 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Metallic catalyst carrier |
DE10112678A1 (de) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-10-02 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Wabenkörpers mit Aufnahme für einen Sensor |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090133383A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-05-28 | Shost Mark A | Selective NOx catalytic reduction system including an ammonia sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1368558B1 (de) | 2006-05-17 |
KR20030094284A (ko) | 2003-12-11 |
KR100865049B1 (ko) | 2008-10-23 |
RU2003130066A (ru) | 2005-05-27 |
US20040159358A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
DE10208871A1 (de) | 2003-09-18 |
WO2002075126A1 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
EP1368558A1 (de) | 2003-12-10 |
JP2004527683A (ja) | 2004-09-09 |
JP4170764B2 (ja) | 2008-10-22 |
CN1511223A (zh) | 2004-07-07 |
CN1330861C (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
DE50206811D1 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
ATE326622T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
ES2261654T3 (es) | 2006-11-16 |
RU2279557C2 (ru) | 2006-07-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7171747B2 (en) | Method for producing a honeycomb body, and a honeycomb body | |
US7111393B2 (en) | Process for producing a metallic honeycomb body with a receptacle for a sensor | |
KR101065102B1 (ko) | 구조적 시트금속박 및 촉매담체를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 기기 | |
JP4460304B2 (ja) | 測定センサ用フランジ部材付きのハニカム体とその製造方法。 | |
US20080112872A1 (en) | Method for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides in Exhaust Gas from an Internal Combustion Engine, and Exhaust System | |
US7412873B2 (en) | Method for positioning a measuring sensor in a honeycomb body, corresponding honeycomb body, and motor vehicle | |
US5474746A (en) | Catalyst carrier body for exhaust systems of internal combustion engines | |
US8288010B2 (en) | Sheet-metal layer with anti-diffusion structures and metallic honeycomb body with at least one such sheet-metal layer | |
EP0232881B1 (en) | Method for producing a metallic substrate used for automobile exhaust gas purifying device | |
US8491846B2 (en) | Honeycomb body formed of metallic foils, method for the production thereof and motor vehicle | |
US7101602B2 (en) | Sheet-metal foil with sliding structure, honeycomb body and process for producing the same | |
US20060191982A1 (en) | Process for producing a metallic honeycomb body with a layer length difference | |
US11045765B2 (en) | Metallic honeycomb body with adhesion improving microstructures | |
JPH01242152A (ja) | 金属触媒担体の製造方法 | |
US20020182126A1 (en) | Device for catalytic conversion having a support body which is attached to a casing in certain areas | |
JP2007054918A (ja) | 自動設計プログラムおよび記録媒体 | |
JPS6393331A (ja) | 排気浄化装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EMITEC GESELLSCHAFT FUER EMISSIONSTECHNOLOGIE MBH, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BRUECK, ROLF;REEL/FRAME:018564/0946 Effective date: 20030821 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 12TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1553) Year of fee payment: 12 |