US713603A - Dynamo-electric machine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 78,603. Patentad Nov. l8, I902. A. CHURCI'IWABD.

DYNAID ELECTRIC IAOHINE.

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No. 7l3,603.

' A GHURCHWARD DYNA IU ELECTRIC IACHINE. um and an. a, 1000.)

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No. 7|3,eoa.' Patented Nov. l8, I902.

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DYIAIO ELECTRIC IACHIIE.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDER CHURCIIIVARD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 713,603, dated November 18, 1902.

Application filed January 2, 1900, Serial No. 97. (N0 model.)

To all; whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER CHURCH- WARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Dynamo-Electric Hachines, (Case No. 294,) of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to dynamo electric machines, and has for its object the provision of an improved construction thereof.

By means of myinvention I am enabled to form the component parts of the dynamo separately and to readily assemble the same by simple mechanical means. I am further enabled to improve the efficiency of the dynamo by a novel construction of the poles, by which the armature reaetionsare reduced and sparking at the commutator counteracted.

Myinvention further consists in improved means for retaining the coils of the machine in position.

The dynamo of my invention is primarily designed and is particularly adapted for use in connection with motor-driven vehicles; but I do not wish to limit myself to the use to which the invention may be put, nor do I wish to be limited to the employment of all of my improvements in one machine, as a portion of the improvements alone may be useful when employed in other connections.

One feature of my invention consists in its preferred embodiment in forming a portion of the dynamo of laminated rings, which are assembled between retaining-rings and secured in place thereby. I preferably employ bolts, which pass through the laminte longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the armature. A portion of these bolts serve only to secure the laminae and retainingrings together. Other bolts are employed, which not only act in a similar capacity, but which also serve to secure inclosing bonnets or caps in engagement with the retaining-rings. These assembled laminae in the preferred embodiment of the invention constitute a field-core and are provided with polar projections which extend radially inward and about which the fieldcoils are disposed. The retaining-rings and the laminated rings also serve in the preferred construction to engage eyebolts which are secured to retaining clamps or plates engaging the field-coils, whereby the field-coils are firmly held in position. The retaining eyebolts and clamps serve to hold the fieldcoils firmly in engagement with the interior of the annular laminae and prevent the fieldcoils from being dislodged.

That feature of my invention which has for its object the provision of improved means for overcoming the injurious eifects of armature reactions is designed more particularly for use in connection with direct-current dynamo-electric machines, as the induction in alternators is not usually of so high a value, the disturbing influences being more efiective in direct-current machines. The rotation of an armature in a field of lines of force is usually accompanied by the displacement of the lines offorce and the distortion of the uniformity of induction,thelines of force tending tofollowin the wake of the armature, thereby increasing the induction at the so-called trailing poletips with respect to the normal magnetization along the remainder of the surfaces of the pole-shoes opposed to the armature. This tendency of the lines of force to follow the armature occasions dil'liculties in the operation of dynamo-electric machines, among which may be mentioned an injurious increase of the armature reactions, the distortion of the field increasing with the load thereon. Magnetic leakage also takes place to an increased extent, thereby decreasing the general elficiency of the machine. The effect of this increased armature reaction is to cause sparking effects at the commutator, which in some instances makes it necessary to change the position of the brushes upon changes in load. This latter means for counteracting the injurious armature reactions is obviously diflicult of attainment when the machines are used as motors upon motor-driven vehicles. Other means have been employed for overcoming these defects-such as lamination of the pole-shoes in a particular direction, pro vision of auxiliary m agnets,or the like-many of which increase the cost of construction and maintenance considerably.

It is one of the prime objects of my present wheel.

invention to provide an improved means for eliminating these defects and to increase the inherent tendency of the machine to regulate itself automatically.

In practicing my invention I chamfer a portion of each of the pole-tips in order to distribute the flux which tends to concentrate at the enterin'gp'ole-tips, the lines of force then emanatingffrom a larger pole area and being more evenly distributed over the armaturesurface, by which means the plane of commutation is displaced but slightly, and while it may not coincide with the neutral plane it may be so chosen that the conductors of the armature which are under commutation will then more readily permit of the reversal of current therethrough at any load.

Where the machine is designed to rotate in both directions, it is obvious that what at one time may be the trailing pole-tips are at another the entering pole tips. I therefore ehamfer, preferably, about one-half of each pole-tip, by which arrangement I am enabled to reduce the injurious effects of armature reactions and at the same time do not impair the effectiveness of the leading pole-tips, as a portion of each leading pole-tip remains intact, being thereby brought within efiective range of the armature. To further increase the effectiveness of my construction, I provide slots in the polar projections which serve further to determine the flow of the magnetic flux.

1 will describe my invention more particularly by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side view of a motor constructed in accordance with my invention shown in cooperative relation with a vehicle driving- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevation of the motor shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectionalview on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a side elevation with one of the bonnets removed, a portion of the clamping-ring being also removed to reveal the construction more clearly. Fig. 5 is a view in cross-section on line 5 5 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on line 6 6 of Fig. 7, the clamping or retaining rings and the clamping-bolts being shown also. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the laminated portion of the structure, the clamping bolts and rings being removed.

Like parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughout the difierent figures.

Each driving-wheel l of the motor-vehicle may be provided with an annular gear 2.

'The shaft3 of the wheel is shown as provided with a perch 4, secured by means of a split sleeve 5 to the shaft or axle 3 at one end. This perch is preferably curved downwardly, as shown in Fig. 1, to accommodate the motor 6. The motor-shaft 6 is provided with a pinion 7 which engages the gear 2. This motor is provided with pivotal supports 7 constructed in separable sections, which form ing to hold the said half-sleeves together about the drivingaxle. The motor is so mounted, however, that it may swing about the axle as a center in the event of sudden jars, so that the pinion and the gear will not be brought into forcible engagement, which might result in the gear being stripped.

To permit the motor to swing about the driving-axle, I preferably secure a projection 10 upon the exterior of the motor to a bufferrod. This buffer-rod is provided with enlargements at its ends. A U-shaped extension 11 is secured to the perch 4, springs 12 being located between the said extension and the enlargements upon the bufier-rod. As the motor sways these springs serve to yieldingly limit its bodily movement.

The machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is shown in detail in Figs. 3 to 7, inclusive; but although it is illustrated in the form of a motor I do not wish to be limited to-this adaptation of the invention.

The motor-shaft 6 is provided with a sleeve 13, keyed thereto, this sleeve being provided with a reduced portion for receiving the armature 14. A cap-sleeve 15 is brought into clamping engagement with the armature by means of a nut 16, surrounding a threaded extension of the sleeve'13. A commutator 17 is also preferably mounted upon the sleeve 13, one pair of commutator-brusheslS being illustrated. The ends of the motor-shaft are mounted in bearings 19, provided in caps or bonnets 20, mechanically united with the field portion of the motor, as will be hereinafter set forth.

In accordance with my invention the laminae of the field-core are preferably stamped with a circular outer periphery and with as many inward projections as there are to be field-poles. Each of these lamina thus preferably partakes of the shape of a complete ring provided with inwardly-extendin g radial projections-in this instance fourin number. These laminze are assembled with the projections thereof located in alinement to form the field-poles. In order to readily assemble the laminae with the projections arranged in proper alinement, I stamp in each of them holes 21, eight of such holes being in this instance shown one in each space between the projections and one placed at the base of each projection. Clamping-rings 22 are provided for securing the laminae together, four clamping-bolts 23 passing through the holes that are located at the polar projections, while four other clamping-bolts 24 are passed through the bonnets 20, the clamping-rings 22, and the laminae composing the field-core. Thus the laminae of the field-core are held together by means of eight bolts, four of which serve to hold the bonnets 20 in engagement with the clamping-rim gs. In order that the reluctance of the field-lamina may not be increased by the holes passing through the same, I preferably provide enlargements 25 upon the intesplit sleeves, nuts 8, engaging studs 9, servrior of the laminae to compensate for the loss of metal at the holes between the polar proj ections. The retaining-bolts 23 are provided with reduced threaded extensions which receive clamping-nuts 26, the clamping-rings being preferably recessed to accommodate these nuts. The clamping-bolts 24 are each provided at one end with a fixed head and threaded at the other end to receive a clamping-nut. The clamping-bolts 24 are passed through the eyes of retaining-links or eyebolts 27, the threaded stems of these eyebolts passing through retaining clamps or plates 28, nuts 29 being employed to secure the clamping or retaining devices 28 in place. The plates 28 are provided with wedging-surfaces that engage the field-coils. By means of the clamping devices shown I am enabled to sep-' arately form the field-coils 30 and to slip the same in position over the poles, the retaininglinks serving to secure the field-coils firmly in position, the degree of clamping action being regulated by the nuts 29. As stated heretofore, the pole-tips are chamfered to decrease the injurious eifects of armature reactions, and as the particular type of machine herein shown is a motor adapted for use upon motor-driven vehicles a portion only of each of the angular pole-tips is chamfered away, so that each of the pole-tips may act both as entering and trailing pole-tips, according to the direction of rotation of the armature. By thus chamfering aportion only of each of the angular tips the efiective area of the leading pole-tips is not harmfully decreased, while at the same time when the pole-tips are trailing the inj urious eifect of the armature reactions is counteracted. In chamfering the pole-tips the line of chamfer is preferably at an angle to the transverse edge of the tip and the segmental edge thereof which is opposed to the armature. Where a portion only of each tip is chamfered away, I preferably alternately chamfer the pole-tips of each lamina, the laminte being assembled with the charmfered and unchamfered pole-tips alternately disposed, as shown, for example, most clearly in Figs. 5 and 6. In the embodiment of the invention shown one-half of each pole-tip is thus preferably cut away.

To more effectively control the direction of the magnetic flux and to properly divide the magnetic lines between the pole-tips, I preferably provide slots 31, which serve to prevent lines of force from passing from one side of the poles to the other. These slots preferably extend radially, but do not extend through to the segmental edges of the polar projections, in order not to impair the uniformity of the magnetic field.

I have thus devised a very efiicient machine which in the embodiment of the invention shown is well adapted for use as a motor for propelling automobiles, and an important advantage is gained in that sparking at the commutator-brushes is prevented irrespective of the direction of rotation of the armature. By assembling the various parts as herein shown and particularly described the motors may readily be assembled and may readily be taken apart for the purpose of repair. The field coils may be completely formed before being placed in position, the separable clamping means employed for retaining the same in place permitting them to be readily removed when impaired. While I have shown the lamina of the field-core as being in the form of continuous rings, I do not wish to be limited to the construction wherein the rings are continuous and integral.

I have shown portions only of the poletips ehamfered; but I do not wish to be limited to this construction in all embodiments of my invention.

While I have herein shown and particularly described the preferred embodiment of my invention and a particular adaptation thereof, I do not wish to be limited to the precise construction shown; but,

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a plurality of laminae in the form of rings provided with projections for constituting field-poles of the machine, of clamping-rings for securing the laminae together, and clamping-bolts passing through the clamping-rings and laminze to secure the laminze upon the said rings, the said laminae being provided with enlargements at holes through which bolts pass to compensateforthe metal removed at the holes from the laminae, substantially as described.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with laminae constructed in the form of rings provided with projections which form the pole-pieces, of clamping-rings for securing the laminae together, bonnets for attachment to the clamping-rings, clamping-bolts passing through the bonnets, clamping-rings and laminze, for securing these parts together, other bolts passing only through the laminze and clamping-rings and serving only to secure these parts together, bearings for the armature-shaft supported by the bonnets, an armature, and a shaft therefor supported by said bearings, substantially as described.

3. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a core formed of a plurality of laminae, of clamping-bolts, means coacting with the clamping bolts for securing the laminae together, coils in place upon the core, and retaining-links engaged each at one end by a clamping-bolt, the said links being in mechanical engagement with the coils at the remaining ends, substantially as described.

4.. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a field-core constructed of a plurality of laminae formed in the shape of rings and provided with inwardly-extending projections to form field-poles, of clampingbolts, means coacting therewith for securing the laminae of the field-core together, retain- I ing-links constructed in the form of eyebolts, the clamping-bolts extending through the eyes of the eyebolts, field-coils in place about the pole-pieces, clamping-plates interposed between the field-coils and directly engaging the same, the stems of the said retaining-eyebolts passing through the clamping-plates, and'nuts in threaded engagement with the said stems serving to adjust the degree of clamping action between the clamping-plates and the field coils, substantially as described.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a field-core constructed of a plurality of laminae formed in the shape of rings and provided with inwardly-extendingprojections to form the field-poles, of clamping-bolts, means coacting therewith for securing the laminae of the field-core together, retaining-links constructed in the form of eyebolts, the clamping-bolts extending through the eyes of the eyebolts, field-coils in placeabout the pole-pieces, clamping-plates directly engaging the field-coils, the stems of the said retaining-eyebolts passing through the clamping-plates, and nuts in threaded engagement with the said stems serving to adjust the degree of clamping action between the clamping-plates and the field-coils, substantially as described.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a plurality of laminae provided with inwardly-extendingprojections for forming field-poles, of clamping-bolts passing through the laminae, means coacting therewith for securing the laminae together, fieldcoils passed about the field-poles, and links mechanically engaging the clampingbolts and the field-coils for securing the latter in place, substantially as described.

7. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a plurality of laminae provided with inwardly-extending projections for forming field poles, of clampingbolts passing through the laminze, means coacting therewith for securing the laminae together, fieldcoils placed about the field-poles, and links in the form of eyebolts, the clamping-bolts passing through the eyes of the eyebolts, the remaining ends of the eyebolts having mechanical engagement with the field-coils for securing the same in place, substantially as described.

S. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a field-core formed of a plurality of laminze,ofaclamping-bolt passing through the laminae, means coacting therewith for Securing the laminze together, poles being provided upon the core, field-coils placed about the said poles, retaining-links in the form of eyebolts, the said clamping bolt passing through the eyes of the eyebolts, the remaining ends of the eyebolts having mechanical engagement with the field-coils, substantially as described.

9. In a dynamo-electricmachine, the combination with a field-core composed of laminated rings provided with projections for forming the field-poles, of clamping-rings upon each side of thelaminated field-core, clamping-bolts passing through the laminae and the elamping-ringsfmeans coacting with the clamping-bolts for clamping the laminae and the clamping-rings together, field-coils upon the field-poles, retaining-links in the form of eyebolts, the clamping-bolts passing through the eyes of the eyebolts, clampingplates engaging adjacent field-coils, the stems of the eyebolts passing between the field-coils and through the clamping-plates, and nuts for securing the clamping-plates and eyebolts together, substantially as described.

10. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a field-core composed of laminated rings provided with inwardly-extending projections for forming field-poles, of clamping-rings upon each side of the laminated field-core, an inclosing cap or bonnet forengagement with the clamping-rings, each provided with a bearing for the armatureshaft, clamping-bolts passing through said bonnets, the laminae and the clamping-rings, means coactiug with the clamping-bolts for clamping the bonnets, the clamping-rings and the laminae together, field-coils upon the fieldpoles, retaining-rings in the form of eyebolts, the clamping-bolts passing through the eyes of the eyebolts, clamping-plates engaging adjacent field-coils, the stems of the eyebolts passing between the field-coils and through the clamping-plates, nuts for securing the clam ping-plates and eyebolts together, an armature, and a shaft therefor, the shaft being disposed within the aforesaid bearings, substantially as described.

11. A field-core for a dynamo-electric machine composed of laminae provided with polar projections, some of the tips whereof are chamfered, the laminse being grouped with the chainfered polar projections distributed throughout the pole-piece and between unchamfered polar projections, said polar projections being provided with slots extending longitudinally of the field-core and located between the chamfered pole-tips, substantially as described.

12. A field-core for a dynamo-electric machine, composed of laminae provided with polarprojectious, some of the leading and trailing tips whereof are chamfered, the lamina being grouped with the chamfered polar projections distributed throughout the pole-piece and between unchamfered polar projections, said polar projections being provided with slots extending longitudinally of the field-core and located between the chamfered pole-tips, substantially as described.

13. A field-pole for a dynamo-electric machine, having a tip portion chainfered and a slot extending longitudinally of and between the tips of the pole, substantially as described.

IIO

14. A field-pole for a dynamo-electric machine, having portions of itsleading and trailing pole-tips chamfered, and provided with a slot extending longitudinally of and between the pole-tips, substantially as described.

15. A field-pole for a dynamo-electric machine, having a tip portion charnfered and a slot extending longitudinally of and between the tips of the pole, said slot also extending substantially radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the armature, substantially as described.

16. A field-pole for a dynamo-electric machine, having portions of its leading and trailing pole-tips chamfered, and provided with a slot extending longitudinally of and between the pole-tips, said slot also extending substantially radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the armature, substantially as described.

17. A field-core for dynamo-electric Inachines having a polar projection for receiving a field-coil, a slot being provided in the said polar projection extending longitudinally of the machine, substantially as described.

18. A field-core for dynamo-electric machines having a polar projection provided with a slot extending longitudinally of the machine and having a chamfered pole-tip, substantially as described.

19. A field-core for dynamo-electric machines having inwardly-extending radial polar projections, each provided with a slot extending logitndinally of the machine, substantially as described.

20. A field-core for dynamo-electric machines hav'ing a polar projection for receiving a field'coil, a radial slot being provided in the said polar projection extending longitudinally of the machine, substantially as described.

21. A field-core for dynamo-electric ma chines having a polar projection provided with a radial slot extending longitudinally of the machine and having a chamfered pole-tip, substantially as described.

22. A field-core for dynamo-electric machines having inwardly-extending radial polar projections, each provided with a radial slot extending longitudinally of the machine, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe my name this 21st day of December, A. D. 1899.

ALEXANDER OHURCHWARD.

Witnesses:

H. C. ZAHISKIE, FRED. J. HARTMAN.

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