US698354A - Method of burning oil. - Google Patents

Description

No. 6981354. Patented Apr.22, |902.

G. L. BADGER'. METHOD 0F BURNING DIL.Y

` (Application led Aug. 2, 1900.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Shen I.

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G. L. BADGER.

METHOD 0F BURNING OIL.

(Applieaeion med Aug. 2, 1900.) (No Mndel.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 698,354. l Patented Apr. 22, |902.

` G. L. BADGEH.

METHOD F BURNING IL.

(Application flied ug. 1900.1 (No Model.) 3 sheeis-sheet 3.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.'A

GEORGE L. BADGER, OF QUINCY, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO EQUITABLE AUTO-TRUCK, POVER AND BURNER COMPANY, OF PORTLAND, MAINE, ANDV LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part ofLettersFatentNo. 698,354, dated April 22, 1902. Application iiled August 2,1900.` SerialNo. 25,713. (No specimens.)

To @il whom, it may concern y p Beit known that I, GEORGE L. BADGER, of

Quincy, in the county of Norfolk and Stateof Massachusetts, have invented a new and use- 1'; ful Improvement in Methods of Burning Oil,"`

of which the following, taken in` connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specifi! fcation.

This invention relates to the `burning of lo hydrocarbon fluids; and it` consists in a sys- `.tem of vaporization and oxygenating hydrocarbons by which the mixture will produce when ignited complete combustion, with or` l without the addition of air. 1 The primary objectof this inventionpis to provide means wherebyy perfect combustion may be obtained with heavy non-volatile oils when said oils `are vaporized at a heat below that at which carbonization occur s.`

sen ame with the heavyl and comparatively` safe'hydrocarbon fluids has prohibitedthe employment of such iuidswhere otherwise their use would be advantageous, and this 2'5 difficulty has led to the general adoption of the more expensive and dangerous volatile oils for 'certain purposes. With these light oils very good combustion has been secured; but so far as I am aware complete and odor-l Sgo less combustion has not been obtained under various working conditions. Y l Many attempts have been made to sufficiently oxygenate the vapors of heavy oils by heating the vapor to a high temperature, j; 5 thereby converting more or lessof the vapor into lighter gases.` When oil-vapors are employed for obtaining a Bunsen flame, it is not practicable to superheat the vapor to such a high temperature as `is usually employed in 4o that type of vapor-burners in which the vapor is ignited at the discharge-orifice.

In a Bunsen burner the temperature ofthe `vapor at the discharge-oriiice is necessarily oonsiderablybelow the temperature to which the vapor has been heated in the vaporizer,

and if this heat has been high enough to decompose a considerable part of the vapor a deposit of carbonaceous matter will be formed at the discharge-orifice and in thecompara- Heretofore the difficulty of obtaining a Burntivelycool `parts of the vaporizer adjacent thereto.

I have overcome the difficulties connected with the vaporization Y and oxygenation of `hydrocarbon iiuids and have developed a sysltemwhereby complete combustion can be obtained `through the wide range and variations `requiredin the practical application of such a method.

,For^ reducing my method of treating and burning hydrocarbons to prac-tice I have shown thefollowing-described apparatus, as illustrated-in the aocompanyingdrawings.

Figure 1 is a vertical section` through the burner. Fig. `2 is a horizontal section taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 1, parts being represented as broken out for the purpose of showing other parts which are below them. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

The base or lower part of the casing of my burner is indicated by A, provided with an `annular'wall AA', to which is attached a `plate A6 AG. v Below this plate A6 A6 a series of perforations a 0, are made for the admission of, air into the lower or sub compartment S, inwhich is located the mechanism for caus- `ing and controlling the mixing of the heated oil-vapor and air previous to their passage intothe second or outer and inner annular chambers S' S S2 S-that is, the space be-v tween the plate A6 AG and the fire-plate -B B BB. In these second chambers S S' the mixture as formed in the lower chambers L and M becomes of such a nature as to be completely combustible previous to its passage'l l through the perforated plate B B` B B' into the combustion-chamber S3. E y

Oil is drawn ,from'any suitable source through the 'pipe C and made to flow through the coil C C2 to the pipe C3. Then'ce it passes downwardlyinto the horizontal pipe C4, Figs. 1 and 3, which delivers it in the form of vapor through the small orifices E E E" E E into the open cone-shaped injector-tubesF F F FF, to which air is supplied at their mouths, and also through the openings H H. As the commingled oil-vapor and air leaves the tubes F F the mixture passes into asecond set of similar injectortubes F F and gathers additional air from the mouths of said second set of tubes and also from the openings H H. The mixture now flows through the contracted passages K2 K2 K2 K2 K2 into the induction-tubes K K K3 K K. Thence the mixture passes from the tubes K K K K into the chambers L L, from which it fiows into the outer annular chamber S'. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) The oil-vapor which jets from the orifice E passes through injector-tubes F and F', similar in all respects to those already described, into the induction-tube K3, which is like the tubes K already described, and discharges into the central chamber M and thence passes to the inner annular chamber S2, (see Figs. 1 and 2,) where the mixture becomes ready for complete combustion. The thoroughly-mixed and heated volume of vapor and air passes through the perforations D and D into the combustion-chamber above the plate B B and immediately beneath the boileror thing to be heated.

The combustion-chamber S3 is annular in horizontal section, the inner wall being shown at A8 and the outer Wall at A9, (see Figs. 1 and 2,) both of these walls being perforated, as indicated by b b. A third wall A3 incloses the Whole and is itself closed at the top by the plate A5 and at the bottom by a register de- Vice S5 S6, so that the amount of air admitted to the space S4 and thence through the outer perforated Wall A9 can be regulated or cut off altogether, as may be desired. The inner airspace Slhas a closed top and a register bottom V V', the movable part of which is 0perated by a lever V3 and any suitable connection therebetween. By the register devices just described the inlet of air to the combustion-chamber S3 may be regulated at will or entirely cut off.

The oil-vapor inlets E E E E E, Fig. 3, are opened'and closed by needle-valves R R R R R, respectivelyL These needle-valves pass through protecting-tubes N N. The four needle-valves R R R R are attached directly to the cross-bar R8 and are operated by the lever R9, which is connected by the link RS to the bracket-piece A7 and is adapted to actuate the bar Rs through the sliding rod R4, head R7, and pivot R10. The needle-valve R is indirectly connected to the bar R3 by means of the short bar R2 and steady-rods rr. The sliding rod R4 rotates and is turned by the haid-wheel RG, its longitudinal motion being limited by the collar R5 between the arms of the bracket A7. Screw-threads t t are ont upon the ends of the rod R4, the yscrew at one end being a right-hand one and at the other end a left-hand' one, so that by turning the rod by the hand-wheel R6 the distance between the head-block R7 and the short bar R2 and the attached needle-valve R can be adj usted-that is, the needle-valve R can be so adjusted as to have the opening E open after the other openings E E E E are closed by their respective needle-valves R R R R. By this device the ow of mixed vapor and air through the central tube K2 to the chamber M and thence to the perforations D D can be maintained after the ow through the tubes K K K K to the chambers LL and the perforations D D is cut off.

If desirable, the sliding part SG of the register device S5 S6 may -be connected by the Apivot T3, link T', adjusting-nut T2, and link T to the lever R2, so that the air-supply may be governed by the same lever which regulates the vapor-supply. This controlling device can be so adjusted that the air through the perforations b b in the Wall A9 may be cut off entirely While the vapor mixture is burning and opened only when it is desired to cool off the apparatus', or any other desirable adjustment may be made to adapt the burner for special purposes.

For the purpose oflighting my burner Ihave the following-described device: Wis a can having a supply of alcohol or some similar iiuid, and W is a pipe provided with a suitable stopcock (not shown) and leading to the annular depression W2 in the perforated fire-plate B B. By allowing a small quantity of alcohol or other similar iiuid to iiow into this depression and igniting it heat is generated about the pipe C C C2 and the contained oil is converted into vapor and forced through the pipes O3 C4 to the orifices E E E E E and, after taking up the desired amount of air, passes into the combustion-chamber S2, where it will become ignited and maintain an intense heat in the coil C C2, and thus develop great heating power. In the meantime the starting-fire in the depression W2 can be allowed to go out, as the burner supplies its own generat ing power from the oil Within the pipes as it flows from the source of supply, where it is kept under some pressure or head.

The Working of this apparatus may be set forth as follows: The oil (kerosene) flowing in through the pipe C is heated in the coil C O2, so as to form a Vapor, which passes down the pipe C2 and is discharged from the induction-pipe CA1 into the mixing apparatus in the subchamber S. The mixture of air and vapor' passes into the small compartments L L and M in the subchamber and from there upwardly through openings in the plate A(i AG into the second chambers S S2, where it receives additional heat from the intense flame above the tire-plate B B', thence passing through the perforations D D D D into the combustionchamber S3 S3.

I do not claim in this application the apparatus herein shown and described, as that is claimed in application No. 31,420, tiled September 28, 1900.

I claiml. The method of converting hydrocarbons for fuel, which consists of Vaporizing the hydrocarbon or oil under pressure by heat, dividing the supply of vapor into fine jets, mixing each jet of vapor with air, additionally mixing, by the expansive force of the oil-vapor, with each jet of mixed vapor and air, a fur- ICG ther supply of air proportional to the amount by heat, dividing the supply of vapor into fine jets, mixing each jet of `vapor with air, additionally mixing, by the expansive force of the oil-vapor, a further supply of air therewith, feeding said additional air-supply successively in separate quantities to the oil-vapor Within the mixer-passage, oommingling the several jets of mixed vapor and air, and igniting the mixture, substantiallyas set forth.

3. The method of converting hydrocarbons for fuel, which consists of vaporizing the hydrocarbons or oil under pressure by heat, di-

Viding the supply of Vapor into fine jets, mixing each vapor-j et with air, additionally mixing, by the expansive force of the oil-vapor, with eaeh mixed vapor and air jet, an additional air-supply, feeding progressively such additional'air-supply With the increased volume of the vapor-jet, proportional to the amount of vapor supplied by eaeh jet, oommingling the several mixed vapor and air jets,

and igniting the mixture, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of tWo subscribing witnesses, on this 11th day of July, A. D. 1900.

` GEORGE L. BADGER. lVitnesses:

FRANK G. PARKER, WILLIAM E.PEARsoN.

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