US697369A - Mode of and means for ventilating and flushing house-drains or other drains and sewers. - Google Patents

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Patented Apr. 8, I902. I. SHONE & E. AULT. MODE OF AND MEANS FOR VENTILATING AND FLUSHING HOUSE DRAINS OR OTHER DRAJNS AND SEWERS.

(Application filed Aug. 8, 1901.) (No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet l Patented Apr. 8, 1902'. l. SHONE & E. AU'LT. MODE OF AND MEANS FOR VENTILATING AND FLUSHING HOUSE DBAINS OR OTHER BRAINS AND S-EWEBS. (Applipation filed Aug. 8, 1901.) (No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

a A a m W 9M M I Tu: uonms PETERS 00.. Puo'rqumoq WASHINGTON, D. c.

No. 697,369. Patented Apr. 8, I902.

I. SHONE &. E. AULT.

"ODE OF AND MEANS FOR VENTILATING AND FLUSHING HOUSE BRAINS OR OTHER BRAINS AND SEWERS.

L umion filed. Aug. 8. 1901.)

(No Model.) 5 ShoetsShaat 3.

7 [IIIIIIIIIIII/l 'IlIIIlII/Il ma Noam: PETERs co. PHO'IQLITHQ, wasnwcn'ou. n. c.

No. 697,369. 4 Patented. Apr. 8, I902.

- I'. snomz & E. 'AULT.

moms or AND MEANS FOR- VENTILATIING ANDIFLIUSHING HOUSE BRAINS on OTHER BRAINS AND SEWEBS.

(Application filed Aug. 8, 1901. (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

THE Mourns PErzns no PHOTO-LITNQ, WASHINGTON n. c.

I. SHONE 8:. E. AULT.

Patented Apr. 8, I902.

MODE OF AND MEANS FOR VENTILATING AND FLUSHING HOUSE DRA'INSOR OTHER BRAINS AND SEWE BS.

(Application filed Aug. 8, 1901.) (No Model.)

5 Sheeis-Sheet 5.

m: ubnms warms co., mgormwuu. WASHINGTON, u. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAG SHONE AND EDWIN AULT, OF WESTMINSTER, LONDON,

' ENGLAND.

MODE OF AND MEANS FOR VENTILATING AND FLUSHING HOUSE-DRAINS OR OTHER DRAINS AND SEWERS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 697,369, dated April 8, 1902.

4 Application filed August 8, 1901. Serial No. 71,409. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that we, ISAAC SHONE and ED- WIN AULT, civil engineers, subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at 47 Victoria street,Westminster, London, England, have invented a new and useful Improved Mode of and Means forVentilating and Flushing House-Drains or other Drains and Sewers, of which the following is a specification.

In the arrangement now generally in use the liquid waste and rainfall waters which are discharged into the drains proceed to the sewers through what is called an interceptertrap in driblets or in small quantities, and generally no self-cleansing action takes place, owingto the large size of the drain and the flat gradient at which it is laid and also owing to the shape and size of the intercepter-trap. To produce a cleansing action, but of an expensive character, automatic flush-tanks are sometimes employed,using from twenty to two hundred gallons of valuable potable water at each operation. The intervals between the discharges are, however, long, and the traps are frequently unsealed by such flushing operations. Moreover, no proper systematic circulation of fresh air in the drains and sewers is effected. The volume of air forced down the soil-pipe into the drain by the discharge from a water-closet is polluted, first, by contact with the interior of the soil-pipe, andfifindlymith that of the drain. It is true that under thepresent most approved practice provision is made in the inspection-chamber for an intercepter-trap, the water seal of which on the house side of the trap is in contact with fresh air admitted through a mica valve placed at the mouth of the air-inlet pipe, which communicates with the inspection-chamber and the house-drain; but there is rarely any provision made for ventilating that part of the house-drain'which lies between the intercepter-trap and the sewer.

The system now used for trapping streetgully waters from the street-sewers is practically the same as it was fifty years ago-that is to say, all the street-gullies are trapped but there is always in the pipe which carries the rainfall from the gully to the sewer. foul stagnant air, which is rarely, if ever, properly removed till a heavy rainfall comes, and then it is forced into the sewer, to add to the quantity and pressure of the foul air in the sewer, and such accumulated foul air is then driven into the atmosphere somewhere in a haphazard, unscientific, and unsanitary manner.

Now according to our invention we utilize the refuse liquids from a house-such as those from the water-closet, the sink, the bath, and.

other sanitary appurtenances of a house or other building, with or without the rain-water from the roof or other surface-for effect ing a powerful ventilating action, while at the same time considerably reducing the amount of potable water heretofore necessary for fiushingpurposes. Forthispurpose wecause all the sewage discharges of the building to debouch and collect into a tank, which may.

be called the flushing-ejector. This tank is provided or connected with an upcast airshaft reaching to or over the top of the buildmg.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a perspective part-sectional elevation as an example of our flushing and ventilation arrangement. Fig. 2 is a part-sectional elevation of part of same drawn to a larger scale. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a device for admitting air to the drains and sewer. Fig. i is a sectional elevation of an intercepter-trap with air-admission device, and Fig. 5 a similar viewin connection with an inspection-chamber. Fig. 6 is asectional elevation of a gully-trap with air-admission-device. Figs. 7 and 8 are part-sectional elevation and plan of a fan, air-shaft, and sewer.

In the arrangement Figs. 1 and 2 and in detail view Fig. 3, which is specially applicable where the house discharges pass down avertioal soil-pipe a, we use a tank or flushingejector b, with suitable siphon arrangement. The soil-pipe a discharges thereinto from the water-closets 0, bath d, and sink e, while the trapped outlet from the pipe f enters the ventilating-shaft 7c laterally. The form of the outlet from the bottom of the tank b to the short leg g of the siphon and the length, depth, and shape of the long leg h of the siphon should be such as to cause grease and paper alike to be completely broken up and discharged into the drain 1' on its way to the sewer j. The long leg 72. of the siphon is connected with the said drain t by a trap, as shown. The upcast air-shaft 7c is connected to the side of the soil-pipe a and may be used exclusively as an independent upcast pipe or as an antisiphon-pipe in connection with the soil-pipe a in the usual way, but by preference so that its upper outlet end shall be carried up above the roof, as shown.

In order to maintain or restore atmospheric equilibrium in the drain 4. from the tank. I) to the sewer, we carry a pipe from the drain t' back to the upcast shaft 70, as shown, or we may carry a pipe up to or above the surface of the ground and provide a mica or other light flap-valve in order in thewell-known manner to permit ingress of fresh air to the said pipe while preventing egress of foul air.

In connection with the pipe or to the sewer and the inspection-chamber Z, in which the trap m is placed, we provide a light flap-valve, by preference an aluminium fi ap valve 1 of the dished form shown, which we find is suitable for making tight joint, while at the 7 same time very sensitive to the least rise of pressure in the inspection-chamber Z. The inlet to these valves (1 is by wooden ferrules of various inner diameter adapted to the requirement of each house-that is to say, the greater the distance of the house from the ventilating-fan, presently to be named, the larger the hole in the wooden ferrule a" must be. 8 is another dished aluminium or other metal valve, which, however, is loaded, as shown, so that it only opens when the pressure in the chamber Z may have accumulated through rapid discharges of the flushing-ejector b or from other causes. By this arrangement air is prevented from passing through the branch ventilating-pipe 0 and valve to the inspection-chamber Z or the atmosphere.

In connection with the chamber Z we provide an air-inlet pipe u with a light flap-valve t, by preference of aluminium of dished form and provided with counterweight p, as shown in Fig. 3, to render it both air-tight and very sensitive. This valve may suitably be fitted in an upper continuation of the box containing the valves q and s, but separated therefrom by a cross-partition. The air enters the pipe to by the opening '2; and wire-gauze 10.

Fig. 4 shows a modified form of inspectiontrap m, which on the side toward the housedrain 1? has a pipe a, (corresponding to the pipe to in Fig. 2, where an inspection-chamber Z is used.) This pipe it receives fresh air through the air-inlet 7:,wire-gauze w, and light flap-valve zf-say of dished aluminium and balanced. There is also a ventilation branch 0 on the side toward the sewer, with a light flapvalve q--say of dished aluminium, (answering to the valve 1 in Fig. By this valve air is admitted to the drain '21, leading to the sewer, while air is prevented from passing through the branch ventilating-pipe 0 and valve q to the atmosphere. By the size of the opening through the ferrule r'a regulation is effected in the manner already described.

The drain-pipe t'from the soil-pipe may, as shown in Fig. 5, be fitted with a light balanced flap-valve device for admitting fresh air, but'so as to prevent egress of vitiated air therefrom. The flushing-ejector I) is then placed in an inspection-chamber Z, which also contains the trap at the long leg h of the flush-tank siphon, said trap corresponding to the trap m, and is placed near the house instead of some distance therefrom. From the sewer side or the trap m we provide a pipe 0, to the upper end of which is connected a box containing the valve (1 and the valve .9. Above the cross-partition 0 the valve 25 is provided, which supplies air to the chamber 1, all in the manner already described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3. The ventilating-pipe 70 has an opening to the chamber Z for allowing the vitiated air therein to escape up the pipe 70.

lVe also construct street-gullies in such manner as to admit air to the drains leading to the sewer and for this purpose provide a box an adjoining the gully, Fig. 6, with its usual trapped outlet to the drain. This box has a hinged or other closable covery, which is flush with the pavement and has a small lateral air-inlet 2 on the curb side. The air by this inlet enters the box, within which we provide a chamber communicating'with the drain 2 to the sewer. The air enters this chamber through a wire-gauze 3 and a light flap-valve 4, by preference of dished aluminium and with inlet-ferrule 5 of varying inner diameter, according to their distance from the ventilating-fan, presently to be described. Another, by preference larger and loaded, valve 6, also, by preference, ofdished aluminium, serves to prevent siphoning of the gullytrap at a time of flooding, or the air-supply to the box may in some cases be from a pipe communicating with air-openings from the atmosphere provided in walls or in gas or other lamp posts. In order to insure the water-sealing of the gully, even in very dry weather, we provide, as shown in Fig. 2, a small pipe 7, leading from the water-main 8 and provided with a cock 9, which in a dry season is left slightly open for admittingcontinuously a little water to the gully.

The action of the apparatus described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 is as follows: lVhen the tank or flushing-ejector b has become filled to the level of the top of the ridge where the two legs 9 and h of the siphon meet, the discharge, for instance, from a water-closet into the soil-pipe a will start the siphon action, so that the whole contents of the tank I) will be discharged with a powerful rush through the full bore of the siphon into the drain 11 first and into the sewer j secondly by way of the inspection chamber 1, the trap m, and the pipe a; but the discharge from the water-closet draws after it in its downflow through the soil-pipe a a certain quantity of .fresh air through that lpipe,while the air standing in the upper part of the house-drain and in .the siphonv gh will be forced into the inspection-chamber Z, and thence through the pipe 07. to the sewer or partly thereto through the valves q and s. Directly the discharging action of the flushing-ejector b has ceased the air within the drain '5 between it and the inspection-cham-.

the above cases contains six gallons of sewage and the water-closet cistern charge is one gallon of water, then a seven-gallon flush is obtained without the direct-expenditure of potable water. r v

A more general ventilation of thepublic sewer should, however, in addition to the periodical. ventilation indirectly effected by the aforesaid arrangements, be produced by suitable mechanical means,such as gas-burn: ers or fans, in such manner thatthe air is. caused to flow in the direction of the sewage and entersat one or several points on the' lines of the sewers, and in combination therewith maybe used apparatus for oxidizing or deodorizing the sewer-gas by suitable chemicals, such as permanganateof potash or-of soda or peroxidof chlorin, in the form of mist or otherwise at the heads of the sewers or at points where the sewer-airis dischargedb y mechanical means.

In Figs. 7and 8 is shown a motor 10, driven: bycomp'ressed air or by electricity or by other power, set in a chamber 11 under the street ,or

pavement and which may, for instance,drive a fan 12, which draws the air out of thesewer j by way of the chamber 13 and pipe ltand discharges it out of a high shaftilfiabovethe fan. By regulating the air-openings through the ferrules 7", Figsp2, 3, and 5, at-the various house-drain intercepter traps and the openings through the ferrules5 at the Shi'ite/t1 gullies according to the distance from such a fan and air-shaft a continuous circulation of fresh air into the sewage system canbe secured without permitting the foul air of the street drains and sewers to get into thehouse drains or out into the street. It will be understood that, as in a town, a number of;air-

shafts, such as 15, may have to-be provided The sewers j willin such case have to be divided off into sections by traps 16. A loaded air-inlet valve,.like the valve 3, Fig. 3, may be fitted to the chamber 13 for admitting air in case the sewer j is apt to be'iiooded.

The drain it to,

What we claim as our invention, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is--- 1. In a drain and sewer system, a powerdrivendevice for drawing airinto and through the system, an air-exhaust shaft, a plurality of air-inlet valves provided with meansfor regulatingthe inlet-opening for the purpose stated, and a safety-valve loaded so as to open when a predetermined maximum. pressure hasbeen, produced in the system, for the purpose of preventing the forcing of inspection,

or other traps.

2. The drain from the house, in combinationwith the inspection trap and chamber, the drain therefrom to the sewer, a rising branch fromsaid drain,an air-inlet valve with means for regulating the inlet for the purpose stated, the loaded safety-valvevfor the purpose stated, the fan, aninspectionchamber, and a valved air-inlet thereto, substantially as set forth.

3. The drain from the house in combinationwith the inspection trap and, chamber,

the,drain therefrom to the sewer,a rising branch inthe inspection-chamber, fromsaid drain, a box, thereon ,withdished aluminium valve and inlet with ferruleof adjustable diameter and with a loaded safety-valve, an air-inlet hood with gauze screen, a dished aluminium valve opening intothe inspectionchamber and a fan substantially as set forth.

4:- The soil-pipe from the house in combination with a flushing-ejector tank-with siphon.

device and trapped outlet therefrom, .the act- IOC ing cubic contents of said tank several times larger than that ofa water-closet flushing charge, a ventilating-pipe carried up a suit ableheight fromthe tank, and inspectionchamberwithtrapped drainto the sewer, a rising branch from the saiddrain, the air inlet valve withmeans forregulating theinlet for the-purpose stated, the loaded safetyvalve, the valved air-inlet to the inspectionchamber, and the fansubstantially asset forth.

5, The soil-,pipe from thehouse in combination with a flushing-ejector tank of the size ;specified,with siphon device andtrapped out- ;let therefrom,andinspection-chamber wherein said tank isplaced, a ventilating-pipe carried up from the tank, the drain, from the v tank to the sewer, a branchpipe in ,the inspection-chamber and;.rising from ,thesaid drain, the air-inlet valve with means-for reg:

ulating the inlet-for the purpose stated the loaded safety-valve, the valved air-inletto the inspection-chamber and the fan substantially as set forth. r 5 6. -.The drain from the house incombina:

tion with the inspection-trap, the drain therefrom to. the sewer a rising branch from said drain, and; air inlet valve provided with means for regulating theinlet forthe purpose stated, the fan, an air-inlet hood-Withgauze screen and a light valve for admittingair from the hood to the house side of the inspec-' tion-trap, substantially as set forth.

7. In a drain and sewer system, a powerdriven device for drawing air into and through the system, an air-exhaust shaft, a plurality of air-inlet devices each consisting of a box fitted with a light air-inlet valve of a dished form, a ferrule for regulating the inlet-opening thereto, and a safety-valve, substantially as set forth.

8. An air-inlet device, consisting of a box having two compartments and applied in connection with an inspection-trap, one of said compartments fitted with a light airinlet valve of a dished form for admitting air to the sewer side of the trap, a ferrule for regu-

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