US6943547B2 - Magnetic resonance imaging using generalized smash - Google Patents

Magnetic resonance imaging using generalized smash Download PDF

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Publication number
US6943547B2
US6943547B2 US10/126,331 US12633102A US6943547B2 US 6943547 B2 US6943547 B2 US 6943547B2 US 12633102 A US12633102 A US 12633102A US 6943547 B2 US6943547 B2 US 6943547B2
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phase
encode
lines
coil
data
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US20030030437A1 (en
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Mark Bydder
Joseph V. Hajnal
David J. Larkman
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
    • G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
    • G01R33/561—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution by reduction of the scanning time, i.e. fast acquiring systems, e.g. using echo-planar pulse sequences
    • G01R33/5611—Parallel magnetic resonance imaging, e.g. sensitivity encoding [SENSE], simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics [SMASH], unaliasing by Fourier encoding of the overlaps using the temporal dimension [UNFOLD], k-t-broad-use linear acquisition speed-up technique [k-t-BLAST], k-t-SENSE
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
    • G01R33/34—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR
    • G01R33/341—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR comprising surface coils
    • G01R33/3415—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR comprising surface coils comprising arrays of sub-coils, i.e. phased-array coils with flexible receiver channels

Definitions

  • a magnetic field gradient in the X-direction is turned on and off. This is done for a series of magnitudes of magnetic field gradients in the X-direction, one r.f. pulse typically corresponding to a different magnitude of gradient in the X-direction.
  • the series of measurements enable spatial frequencies to be built up in the X-direction.
  • the data is acquired using parallel imaging.
  • the invention provides apparatus for magnetic resonance imaging, comprising means for exciting magnetic resonant (MR) active nuclei in a region of interest, an array of at least two r.f. receive coils for receiving data from the region of interest, means for creating magnetic field gradients in a phase-encode direction for spatially encoding the excited MR active nuclei, and processing means for using the lines of data received by each r.f. receive coil at each phase-encode gradient together with reference spatial sensitivity profiles of each coil in a phase-encode direction represented in terms of spatial harmonics of a fundamental frequency one cycle of which corresponds with a desired field of view, to generate a set of phase-encode lines.
  • MR magnetic resonant
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective schematic view of an array of coils for use in SMASH type imaging
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of an array of two coils in a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the spatial sensitivity profile of each of the two coils of the apparatus of FIG. 10 ;
  • FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating the representation of the spatial sensitivity profiles shown in FIG. 11 in terms of spatial harmonics of a fundamental frequency
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the architecture of the processing means of magnetic resonance imaging apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • one form of magnetic resonance imaging apparatus in accordance with the invention has a magnet of the kind described with reference to FIG. 1 having a bore 19 into which a patient can be slid.
  • the cylinder 14 schematically represents a spine of the patient.
  • the magnet can be resistive or superconducting, and the invention is also applicable to open magnets of any kind.
  • each coil 17 , 18 is now expressed, by Fourier Transformation of those reference profiles, as a series of spatial harmonics of a fundamental frequency, one cycle of which is co-extensive with the field of view.
  • reference profiles of coils 17 , 18 are represented (as a close approximation) by a d.c. term and two harmonics, each defined by a reference coefficient.
  • the d.c. reference coefficient is a 0 1
  • the coefficients of the first harmonic are a 1 1 and a ⁇ 1 1 , respectively, for the two senses of rotation from one side of the field of view to the other.
  • the coefficients of the second harmonic are a 2 1 and a ⁇ 2 1 .
  • lines have been interpolated, and the method is particularly applicable to parallel imaging as described in the introduction. However, this is not an essential feature of the invention.
  • the same number of lines could be computed as were measured.
  • the invention could be used just to change the grid spacing, or to compute an evenly spaced set of phase-encode lines from a set collected at unevenly spaced phase-encode gradients, to permit simpler processing in FT module 25 .
  • the number of computed lines could differ from the number of measured lines by an arbitrary number.
  • C 1 ⁇ b o +b 1 exp i ⁇ ky+b 2 exp ⁇ i ⁇ ky+b 3 exp 2 i ⁇ k y +b 4 exp ⁇ 2 ⁇ ky+. . . ⁇
  • the more general C 1 and C 2 function must again be fitted by linear combinations of the coil profiles c i , but this is easier to do.
  • the w j r are weighting terms that can be chosen to impart into the synthesised coil profiles E r (x,y) features that may be beneficial to image quality or computational efficiency. For example, a circular boundary condition over the FoV, or the reduction of the number of harmonics in the synthesised coil profiles, in comparison to the original coil profiles.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
US10/126,331 2001-04-20 2002-04-19 Magnetic resonance imaging using generalized smash Expired - Fee Related US6943547B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB0109790A GB2380549A (en) 2001-04-20 2001-04-20 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
GB0109790.6 2001-04-20

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US20030030437A1 US20030030437A1 (en) 2003-02-13
US6943547B2 true US6943547B2 (en) 2005-09-13

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JP (1) JP4316889B2 (ja)
GB (1) GB2380549A (ja)
WO (1) WO2002086529A1 (ja)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070013374A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2007-01-18 Mark Griswold Method and apparatus for improved transmission-side accelerated PPA-based volume-selective magnetic resonance imaging
US7394252B1 (en) 2007-05-03 2008-07-01 The General Hospital Corporation Regularized GRAPPA reconstruction
US20080207164A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2008-08-28 Christopher James Dawson Traffic Shaping of Cellular Service Consumption Through Modification of Consumer Behavior Encouraged by Cell-based Pricing Advantages
US20160011289A1 (en) * 2013-10-23 2016-01-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and method

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US6717406B2 (en) * 2000-03-14 2004-04-06 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Inc. Parallel magnetic resonance imaging techniques using radiofrequency coil arrays
DE10201063B4 (de) * 2002-01-14 2005-06-02 Siemens Ag Gerät und Verfahren, sowie Computersoftware-Produkt zur PPA-Magnetresonanzbildgebung
US7375524B2 (en) * 2003-06-19 2008-05-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Mr imaging with sensitivity encoding in the readout direction
DE10339019B4 (de) * 2003-08-25 2007-02-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Beschleunigungsfaktors einer parallelen Bildaufnahme
DE10353342B4 (de) * 2003-11-14 2008-07-17 Siemens Ag Verbesserte MRT-Bildgebung auf Basis konventioneller PPA-Rekonstruktionsverfahren
US20060074295A1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2006-04-06 Nexgen Combined MR coil technology in medical devices
US8244011B2 (en) * 2006-07-18 2012-08-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Artifact suppression in multi-coil MRI
US9684047B2 (en) * 2011-09-09 2017-06-20 Arjun Arunachalam Method and system for rapid MRI acquisition using tailored signal excitation modules (RATE)
CN108508384B (zh) * 2018-02-07 2020-08-21 苏州朗润医疗系统有限公司 基于gsmash伪影校正的加速算法

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080207164A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2008-08-28 Christopher James Dawson Traffic Shaping of Cellular Service Consumption Through Modification of Consumer Behavior Encouraged by Cell-based Pricing Advantages
US20070013374A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2007-01-18 Mark Griswold Method and apparatus for improved transmission-side accelerated PPA-based volume-selective magnetic resonance imaging
US7558614B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2009-07-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for improved transmission-side accelerated PPA-based volume-selective magnetic resonance imaging
US7394252B1 (en) 2007-05-03 2008-07-01 The General Hospital Corporation Regularized GRAPPA reconstruction
US20160011289A1 (en) * 2013-10-23 2016-01-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and method
US10444314B2 (en) * 2013-10-23 2019-10-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and method for acquiring under-sampled MR signal

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WO2002086529A1 (en) 2002-10-31
US20030030437A1 (en) 2003-02-13
JP4316889B2 (ja) 2009-08-19
GB0109790D0 (en) 2001-06-13
GB2380549A (en) 2003-04-09
JP2004524937A (ja) 2004-08-19

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