US6891762B2 - Buffer memory device - Google Patents
Buffer memory device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6891762B2 US6891762B2 US10/307,827 US30782702A US6891762B2 US 6891762 B2 US6891762 B2 US 6891762B2 US 30782702 A US30782702 A US 30782702A US 6891762 B2 US6891762 B2 US 6891762B2
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- data
- memory device
- buffer memory
- buffer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F5/00—Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled
- G06F5/06—Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled for changing the speed of data flow, i.e. speed regularising or timing, e.g. delay lines, FIFO buffers; over- or underrun control therefor
- G06F5/10—Methods or arrangements for data conversion without changing the order or content of the data handled for changing the speed of data flow, i.e. speed regularising or timing, e.g. delay lines, FIFO buffers; over- or underrun control therefor having a sequence of storage locations each being individually accessible for both enqueue and dequeue operations, e.g. using random access memory
- G06F5/12—Means for monitoring the fill level; Means for resolving contention, i.e. conflicts between simultaneous enqueue and dequeue operations
- G06F5/14—Means for monitoring the fill level; Means for resolving contention, i.e. conflicts between simultaneous enqueue and dequeue operations for overflow or underflow handling, e.g. full or empty flags
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a buffer memory device, i.e., to a memory device for intermediately storing data to be forwarded.
- Such buffer memory devices are required, among many other uses and by way of example, for buffer storing data which are to be output as a continuous data stream but are not provided as a continuous data stream and/or are provided with a different data transmission rate.
- One of these problems consists in the fact that data to be output from the buffer memory device are not yet stored in the buffer memory device, as a result of which a gap is produced in the data stream to be output.
- the data are digitally coded audio data which (after D/A conversion thereof) are fed to an amplifier and reproduced via loudspeakers, the presence of a gap in the data stream can lead to a pause, a clicking or to other disturbances in the acoustic signals output by the speakers.
- a buffer memory device comprising:
- a buffer for buffer-storing data connected between the input and the output
- a monitoring device for monitoring a data output of data requested from the buffer, the monitoring device, on an occurrence of a predefined circumstance, effecting at least one of the following:
- the buffer memory device is distinguished by the fact that it contains a monitoring device, which monitors the outputting of data requested from the buffer storage, and which ensures, when specific circumstances occur, that the buffer memory device outputs other data instead of the requested data and/or signals that the use of the data output can lead to problems in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device.
- the monitoring device is configured to check whether the data requested from the buffer are stored therein, and wherein the predefined circumstance includes a circumstance that the data requested from the buffer are not stored in the buffer.
- the monitoring device is configured to check whether the data to be output satisfy specific criteria.
- the monitoring device is configured to check whether a difference between respective data words to be output successively from the buffer memory device is greater than a predetermined value, and wherein the predefined circumstance includes a circumstance that the difference between the respective data words to be output successively from the buffer memory device is greater than the predetermined value.
- the monitoring device is configured to check whether a difference between respective data words to be output successively from the buffer memory device is less than a predetermined value, and wherein the predefined circumstance includes a circumstance that the difference between the respective data words to be output successively from the buffer memory device is less than the predetermined value.
- the data that are different from the data requested from the buffer and output from the buffer memory device instead of the data requested from the buffer are the data that were output last from the buffer memory device.
- an output terminal of the module that contains the buffer memory is connected to the monitoring device, and the monitoring device is configured to signal that the use of the data requested from the buffer can lead to problems by generating and transmitting a corresponding signal to the output terminal.
- the data are audio data and the buffer is configured to buffer-store the audio data.
- the buffer memory device (ZS) is connected upstream of a D/A converter.
- the buffer memory device (ZS) forms a part of a CODEC module.
- the buffer memory device (ZS) forms a part of a program-controlled unit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the buffer memory device according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the buffer memory device according to the invention.
- the buffer memory device described below is part of a so-called CODEC module in the exemplary embodiment.
- a CODEC module is a device which
- the buffer memory device is a device that is connected upstream of the D/A converter and ensures that a continuous data stream is fed to the D/A converter, in which case this is generally intended to be ensured even when a continuous data stream is not fed to the buffer memory device, and/or when the data fed to the buffer memory device have a different transmission rate than the data to be output from the buffer memory device.
- the buffer memory device described is not restricted to such a use. It could also be provided at a different location within the CODEC module, or be part of a device that does not constitute a CODEC module, or be an autonomous device (a dedicated module).
- the data which are buffer-stored by the buffer memory device and forwarded are audio data in the example under consideration.
- What can be achieved by the provision of the buffer memory device, more precisely by the capability thereof to output the data that are to be forwarded from it as a continuous data stream, is that the information represented by the data, independently of how the relevant data are fed to the buffer memory device, can be reproduced by means of a stereo system connected downstream of the D/A converter, or by means of some other audio data reproduction device, in a manner free from interruptions and disturbances.
- the data which are buffer-stored by the buffer memory device and forwarded need not be audio data, however.
- the use of the buffer memory device described may also prove to be advantageous in cases in which the data that are to be buffer-stored and forwarded are not audio data.
- the use of the buffer memory device is not restricted to cases in which the data fed to the buffer memory device have to be forwarded in the form of a continuous data stream.
- the use of the buffer memory device always proves to be advantageous if the timing and/or the order in which the data stored in the buffer memory device are to be forwarded differ from the timing and/or the order in which the relevant data are fed to the buffer memory device.
- the CODEC module of which the buffer memory device is part is part of a program-controlled unit such as, for example, a microprocessor, a microcontroller or a signal processor. There is no restriction thereto either.
- the CODEC module or the device containing the buffer memory device described may also be part of an arbitrary other device.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a program-controlled unit which contains a CODEC module with a buffer memory device.
- a program-controlled unit which contains a CODEC module with a buffer memory device.
- the buffer memory device is designated by the reference symbol ZS. It has an input terminal ZSI, via which data are fed to it from a data processing device (not shown in FIG. 1 ) via an internal bus BUS of the program-controlled unit and a bus interface BI.
- the buffer memory device ZS further has an output terminal ZSO, via which it outputs data to a D/A converter (not shown in FIG. 1 ).
- the buffer memory device ZS contains
- the data which are fed to the buffer memory device ZS via the bus BUS and the bus interface BI are 32-bit data words in the example considered. It goes without saying that the data could also be words comprising more or fewer bits or data transmitted serially in a bitwise fashion.
- the second memory MEM 2 is formed by a register which is 32 bits wide and, consequently, can store one data word.
- the first memory MEM 1 is formed by a FIFO memory, and, in the example considered, comprises 8 16-bit registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 , an input selection device INPSEL, and an output selection device OUTSEL.
- the input selection device INPSEL is used to determine the registers of the first memory MEM 1 into which the data stored in the second memory MEM 2 are respectively accepted.
- the 32-bit data word stored in the second memory MEM 2 is respectively divided into two 16-bit data words which are then stored in two different registers of the first memory MEM 1 .
- the 32-bit data word stored in the second memory MEM 2 is written either to the registers DATA 0 and DATA 1 , or to the registers DATA 2 and DATA 3 , or to the registers DATA 4 and DATA 5 , or to the registers DATA 6 and DATA 7 .
- the registers to which the data stored in the second memory MEM 2 are respectively written are determined by the memory control device MEMCTRL.
- the latter correspondingly drives the input selection device INPSEL through a control signal DOFI.
- the input selection device INPSEL is driven in such a way that the registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 are written to in order in a pairwise manner like a cyclic buffer.
- the first memory MEM 1 can also contain more or fewer registers and/or larger or smaller registers, and that it is also not absolutely necessary to divide the data that are fed to the first memory MEM 1 into two data words and to store them in two different registers.
- the buffer memory device ZS If data are to be read from the buffer memory device ZS, this is signaled to the buffer memory device ZS by means of a control signal READREQ fed to the read control device READCTRL.
- the read control device READCTRL forwards the control signal READREQ fed to it immediately or later to the memory control device MEMCTRL, which drives the output selection device OUTSEL by means of a control signal DOFO in such a way that one of the registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 is read.
- the control signal DOFO determines which of the registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 is read.
- the output selection device OUTSEL is driven in such a way that the registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 are read in order like a cyclic buffer.
- the memory control device MEMCTRL signals this to the read control device READCTRL.
- the read control device READCTRL signal this in turn to the third memory MEM 3 , which is formed by a register in the example considered and which thereupon accepts the data present at the output terminal of the output selection device OUTSEL.
- the data stored in the third memory MEM 3 can be accepted by the device connected downstream of the buffer memory device ZS, that is to say by the D/A converter (not shown in FIG. 1 ) in the example considered.
- the buffer memory device ZS has the special feature that it contains a monitoring device, which monitors the outputting of data requested from the buffer storage, and which ensures, when specific circumstances occur, that the buffer memory device outputs other data instead of the requested data and/or signals that the use of the data output can lead to problems in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device.
- the monitoring that is carried out consists in checking whether the data which would have to be output from the buffer memory device ZS during proper operation of the arrangement have actually already been stored in the buffer memory device ZS.
- the data which would have to be output from the buffer memory device ZS during proper operation of the arrangement are those data which would have to follow the data output last from the buffer memory device, in order that the information represented by the data is forwarded correctly and completely.
- the buffer memory device ZS If the data which would have to be output from the buffer memory device ZS during proper operation of the arrangement have not actually been fed to the buffer memory device ZS yet on account of delays in the acquisition, generation and/or communication of the relevant data, the buffer memory device is not able to output the data which it should output during proper operation of the arrangement.
- the data are audio data to be reproduced by a stereo system or the like
- these disturbances may consist in clicking, inter alia, which can damage or destroy the audio amplifier and/or the loudspeakers.
- the monitoring device is part of the memory control device MEMCTRL.
- the checking can be effected for example using a write pointer which is managed in the memory control device MEMCTRL and which specifies which of the registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 was written to last, and/or using a read pointer which is likewise managed in the memory control device MEMCTRL and which specifies which of the registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 is to be read next.
- the memory control device MEMCTRL knows which register was written to last and which register is to be read next because, after all, said memory control device itself defines the register to which new data are to be written and the register from which data that are to be output are to be read.
- the checking as to whether the data requested from the buffer memory device have actually already been stored in the buffer memory device can be effected by checking, upon each request for data from the buffer memory device, whether the read pointer to be used during the read-out has overtaken the write pointer used during the last writing operation. If this is the case, this would mean that, when carrying out the requested read-out operation, data would be read from a register holding no data that have not yet been read out, which is tantamount to stating that it would not be the data which should be output during proper operation of the arrangement that would be output during the read-out of data from the buffer memory device.
- Another possibility for checking whether the data requested from the buffer memory device have actually already been stored in the buffer memory device consists in storing and managing an item of information in the memory control device MEMCTRL for each of the registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 , which item of information specifies whether the relevant register has already been read since the last occasion it was written to.
- Said information item may comprise one bit per register, this bit being set to the value 1, for example, if new data are written to the assigned register, and this bit being set to the value 0 if the assigned register has been read. In this case, before data are read from the buffer memory device, it would be necessary to check whether the bit assigned to the register to be read has the value 0.
- a further possibility for checking whether the data which should be output during proper operation of the configuration would be output during the read-out of data from the buffer memory device consists in reserving, in the registers DATA 0 to DATA 7 , a respective bit which indicates whether the relevant register has already been read since the last occasion it was written to, and in evaluating the content of that bit.
- the buffer memory device assumes a special (exception) state in which it operates differently than otherwise.
- the special features of the exception state are that the buffer memory device outputs other data instead of the requested data and/or signals that the use of the data that are output can lead to problems in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device.
- the data which are output by the buffer memory device ZS instead of the requested data are the data output last.
- the memory control device MEMCTRL leaving the read pointer unchanged in the exception state, that is to say continuing to permit the outputting of the data that were requested last from the output selection device OUTSEL.
- the data fed to the third memory MEM 3 and thus also the data that are stored in the third memory and are ready for fetching by the D/A converter, remain the same, and, instead of the requested data, other data are output from the buffer memory device.
- the disturbance caused thereby in the acoustic signals reproduced by the loudspeakers is not perceptible, or in any event is not distinctively perceptible. There are neither pauses in the reproduction, nor crackling nor other disturbances which can damage or destroy the amplifier and/or loudspeakers.
- the memory control device MEMCTRL outputs, for the duration of the exception state, a signal which signals that the buffer memory device is in the exception state in which other data (i.e., replacement data) are output instead of the data requested from the buffer memory device.
- this signal designated by the reference symbol EXC in FIG. 1 , is fed to an output terminal of the program-controlled unit, which output terminal is designated by the reference symbol MUTE.
- this output terminal MUTE is connected to the amplifier which amplifies the D/A-converted buffer memory device output signals, then said amplifier has an item of information about the fact that the analog signals that it is to amplify could be disturbance signals and/or can lead to damage and/or destruction of the amplifier or of the loudspeakers.
- the amplifier can thus take suitable measures as a precaution which can prevent this. These measures may consist, for example, in the amplifier reducing the gain factor, for the duration of the exception state, to such an extent that damage or destruction of the amplifier and/or of the loudspeakers is precluded. In addition or as an alternative, it might be provided that, for the duration of the exception state, the amplifier filters out or attenuates specific frequency components of the data that it is to amplify.
- the buffer memory device more precisely the interrupt generating device IGU, generates an interrupt request signal upon the occurrence of the exception state. That signal causes data to be fed to the buffer memory device again as rapidly as possible.
- the buffer memory device remains in the exception state until it is once more able to output the data requested from it, i.e. when the data requested from it are stored in it.
- the monitoring device contained in the memory control device MEMCTRL can determine when this is the case. For this purpose, it is necessary merely to check whether the conditions which caused the memory control device MEMCTRL to assume the exception state are still present.
- a further possibility for checking whether the use of the data to be output from the buffer memory device can lead to problems in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device consists in checking whether the size and/or the temporal profile of the data that are output or are to be output satisfy specific conditions.
- FIG. 2 there is shown a program-controlled unit with a buffer memory device which carries out such checking and, when the monitoring device ascertains that the use of the data output can lead to problems in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device, outputs other data instead of the requested data and/or signals that the use of the data output can lead to problems in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device.
- the program-controlled unit shown in FIG. 2 corresponds almost completely to the program-controlled unit shown in FIG. 1 .
- Components designated by the same reference symbols are identical or mutually corresponding components.
- the program-controlled unit shown in FIG. 2 differs from the program-controlled unit which is shown in FIG. 1 and has been described with reference thereto in the fact
- the monitoring device CU contains two input terminals, of which one is connected to the input terminal of the third memory MEM 3 and the other is connected to the output terminal of the third memory MEM 3 .
- the monitoring device CU carries out two checks.
- the first check consists in the monitoring device CU checking whether the difference between the data words fed to it via its input terminals exceeds a specific value.
- the difference between the data words fed to the monitoring device CU via its input terminals is the difference between data words that are to be output successively from the buffer memory device. If said difference is too large, more precisely is larger than it should be on account of the limited bandwidth of the audio signals in the case of undisturbed signals, it can be assumed that the data to be output comprise a disturbance. Consequently, disturbances must be reckoned with during the reproduction of these data by a stereo system or the like, in which case said disturbances may consist in more or less severe clicking which can damage or destroy the amplifier and/or the loudspeakers.
- a second check which can be carried out by the monitoring device CU consists in checking whether the difference between two or more data words that are output or are to be output successively falls below a specific value. If the difference is equal to zero or very small for a certain time, it can be assumed that the data to be output contain no useful data or exclusively a DC component. Consequently, disturbances must concomitantly be reckoned with during the reproduction of these data by a stereo system or the like, in which case the amplifier and/or the loudspeakers can be damaged or destroyed at least by a relatively large DC component.
- the monitoring device CU initiates measures which prevent or can prevent the data on which the difference formation is based from being able to lead to disturbances in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device.
- the outputting of other data instead of the requested data by the buffer memory device ZS can be realized for example by the monitoring device CU causing the third memory MEM 3 not to accept the data fed to it from the output selection device OUTSEL and, instead, once again to output the data that are stored in it and have already been output beforehand.
- the data which are suitable for this depend on the use of the data output from the buffer memory device.
- the signaling by the buffer memory device ZS that the use of the data output can lead to problems in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device can be realized, for example, by the monitoring device CU outputting a corresponding signal via the terminal MUTE of the program-controlled unit.
- this output terminal MUTE is connected to the amplifier which amplifies the D/A-converted buffer memory device output signals, then said amplifier has an item of information about the fact that the analog signals that it is to amplify constitute disturbance signals and/or can lead to damage and/or destruction of the amplifier or of the loudspeakers.
- the amplifier can thus take suitable measures as a precaution which can prevent this. These measures may consist for example in the amplifier temporarily reducing the gain factor to such an extent that damage or destruction of the amplifier and/or of the loudspeakers is precluded.
- the amplifier filters out or attenuates specific frequency components of the data that it is to amplify.
- the monitoring device CU can also carry out any other checks which can be used to ascertain whether the use of the data that are output or are to be output from the buffer memory device can lead to problems in the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device.
- the checks which are suitable for this depend on the information represented by the data and also on the system components connected downstream of the buffer memory device.
Abstract
Description
-
- ensuring that the buffer memory device outputs data different from the data requested from the buffer; and
- signaling that a use of the data requested from the buffer and carried by the output can lead to problems in system components receiving the data from the output of the buffer memory device.
-
- subjects analog data that are fed to it to an analog/digital conversion and, if appropriate, further processing operations such as, for example, a digital filtering and/or a compression and outputs these data for storage, for instance, on a storage medium; and
- subjects digital data that are fed to it to a specific processing operation such as, for example, a decompression and/or a digital filtering, then performs a D/A conversion, and outputs the analog data obtained in this case for reproduction e.g. on a stereo system.
-
- a first memory MEM1 for storing a multiplicity of data words,
- a memory control device MEMCTRL, for controlling the writing of data to the first memory MEM1 and the reading of data from the first memory MEM1,
- a second memory MEM2 for buffer storing ZS data fed to the buffer memory device and forwarding said data to the first memory MEM1,
- a third memory MEM3 for buffer storing data output from the first memory MEM1,
- a read control device READCTRL for controlling the reading of data stored in the buffer memory device ZS, and
- an interrupt generating device IGU for generating interrupts.
-
- that the memory control device MEMCTRL does not contain a monitoring device which checks whether data requested from the buffer memory device ZS have already been written to the first memory MEM1, and
- that the buffer memory device ZS contains a monitoring device which is designated by the reference symbol CU and will be described in more detail below.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP01128610A EP1316955A1 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2001-11-30 | Intermediate storage device |
EP01128610.1 | 2001-11-30 |
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US20030137880A1 US20030137880A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
US6891762B2 true US6891762B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 |
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US10/307,827 Expired - Fee Related US6891762B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2002-12-02 | Buffer memory device |
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EP (1) | EP1316955A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
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US7599997B1 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-10-06 | Gene Fein | Multi-homed data forwarding storage |
US7636759B1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2009-12-22 | Gene Fein | Rotating encryption in data forwarding storage |
US8458285B2 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2013-06-04 | Post Dahl Co. Limited Liability Company | Redundant data forwarding storage |
US7636761B1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2009-12-22 | Gene Fein | Measurement in data forwarding storage |
US9203928B2 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2015-12-01 | Callahan Cellular L.L.C. | Data storage and retrieval |
US8386585B2 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2013-02-26 | Tajitshu Transfer Limited Liability Company | Real-time communications over data forwarding framework |
US8452844B2 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2013-05-28 | Tajitshu Transfer Limited Liability Company | Deletion in data file forwarding framework |
US8599678B2 (en) | 2008-07-10 | 2013-12-03 | Tajitshu Transfer Limited Liability Company | Media delivery in data forwarding storage network |
US8370446B2 (en) | 2008-07-10 | 2013-02-05 | Tajitshu Transfer Limited Liability Company | Advertisement forwarding storage and retrieval network |
US8352635B2 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2013-01-08 | Tajitshu Transfer Limited Liability Company | Geolocation assisted data forwarding storage |
US7636764B1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2009-12-22 | Gene Fein | Cloud resource usage in data forwarding storage |
US8478823B2 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2013-07-02 | Tajitshu Transfer Limited Liability Company | Selective data forwarding storage |
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-
2001
- 2001-11-30 EP EP01128610A patent/EP1316955A1/en not_active Ceased
-
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- 2002-12-02 US US10/307,827 patent/US6891762B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4222102A (en) * | 1977-12-12 | 1980-09-09 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Data buffer memory of the "first-in, first-out" type, comprising a variable input and a variable output |
JPS5964941A (en) | 1982-10-05 | 1984-04-13 | Nec Corp | Digitized sound receiver |
US5490113A (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1996-02-06 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Memory stream buffer |
US5917783A (en) | 1995-08-31 | 1999-06-29 | Sony Corporation | Optical disk, a recording/reproducing apparatus and method for the optical disk |
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US6169747B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 2001-01-02 | Ess Technology, Inc. | Variable code frame length for multistream applications |
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US20030137880A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
EP1316955A1 (en) | 2003-06-04 |
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