US685536A - Manufacture of tiles, quarries, &c. - Google Patents

Description

No. 685,536. Patented Oct. 29, |90l.

I R. STANLEY.

MANUFACTURE OF TILES, HUARRIES, 8w. (Application filed Apr. 22, 1901.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet I.

Zia-M No. 685,536. Patented Oct. 29, won. a. STANLEY. MANUFACTURE OF TILES, HUARRIES, 81.0;

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1901.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

,JMPNORRIS PETERs ca. mow-mun. WASHINGTON. 0.1:

No. 685,536. Patented Oct. 29, mm. B. STANLEY. MANUFACTURE OF TILES OUAR R-IES, 8w.

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1901.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 3 (No Model.)

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No. 685,536. Patented Oct. 29, lam;

R. STANLEY.

MANUFACTURE OF TILES, UUARRIES, 8w.

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1901.)

5 Sheets-sheaf 4.

(No Model.)

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m frzcmai Patented Oct. 29, 490i. STANLEY. MANUFACTURE OF TILES, HUARRIES. 8L0.

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1901'.

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m: uonms areas cu, rumour WASH ncnov. by c ing and paving tiles or quarries, to bepressed method also frequently permitting slight insmooth and hard face even under enormous UNTTE TATES REGINALD STANLEY, OF NUNEATON, ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF TILES, QUARRIES, 80c.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 685,536, dated October 29, 1901. Application filed April 22, 1901. $erial No. 56,987- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, REGINALD STANLEY, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Manor Court, Nuneaton, in the county of \Varwick, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Mannfacture of Tiles, Quarries, and Such Like Articles; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the'manufacture of tiles, quarries, and such like articles, and particularlyto the machinery employed for pressing the same; and the objects of the said improvements are, first, to enable a number of tiles, quarries, or the like, especially roofat one operation of the machine, and, second,

to obtain by the pressing and withdrawing of the tiles, quarries, or the like a perfectly smooth and hard face or faces, little or no more power being required than has been hitherto necessary for pressing a single tile or the like at each operation of the pressingmachine. According to the system heretofore employed such articles have been pressed by means of dies acting at right angles to the face and back, the pressure being dispersed over the area of the face, and the result has never given entire satisfaction, there always being a difficulty in producing a perfectly pressure, probably due to the absence of any sliding or polishing motion of the pressureplunger against the face of" the material under pressure, a direct pressing impact without any such motion tending to prevent the material that lies under and comes in contact with the plunger from spreading eyenly, this equalities to remain, to the deterioration of the face of the article pressed. It is found from experience that in the caseof such goods made from clay-dust on the application of extreme pressure flatwise the article has a tendency to crack or shell, .which is not so much the case when the pressure is ap-. plied in the manner hereinafter described and by which system of pressing the diffilike simultaneously.

culties before alluded to are overcome and perfectly sound hard tiles or quarries orthe like produced under a pressure applied enda wise which may reach any practicable limit.

ing transmitted through the material to'tthe' larger areas of the face and back, resulting in a greatly-increased pressure thereon and therefore making hard and sharp arrises, and this invention affords particular facility for forming a number of tiles, quarries,- orthe A number of die-plates or small plungers arefitted to one common plunger 01' plunger-head and employed in conjunction with a corresponding series of die-boxes and opposite die-plates or small plungers attached to a similar and opposite common plunger or plunger-head for the purpose of compressing upwardly and pushing the completed article out from the die-box. The pressure exerted on the article pressed is so multiplied over the larger area of the face and back that in the case of thin articles the friction against the walls of the mold or die-box can only be overcome by pressure of the lifting die-plates or plungers, which is often much greater than that upon the downward-pressing plunger-s, and so the lower portion of the substance under pressure hasa tendency to become pressed to a harder degree than the upper portion. To avoid this, the die-boxes or molds may be made-t0 taper very slightly, widening toward the top, which enables the articles to be lifted up in the dieboxes with the application of less bottomor upward pressure than would otherwise be re: quired,the taper, howevennot being sufficient to materiallyaffeet the shape of the article pressed; In order to obtain a brighter polish on the faces of the articles pressed, both the upward and downward pressing and lifting plungers may be adapted to receive a double action, so that the article after a first pressure is lifted or pushed upwardly in the diebox and again forced down and then lift-ed up a second time, the friction on the face of the articles produced by these means, in conjunction with oiled die, giving a very bright smooth finish. V

A feature of this invention consists in oil being introduced during the lifting action between the pressed material and the walls of the dies, as shown by the drawings hereinafter described.

Pressure may be applied by cams mounted on a shaft connected by suitable gearing, other cams on the same shaft giving the necessary motion to the feed-box and other moving parts, thus rendering the machine automatic; or instead of cams a screwed shaft may be employed, revolved in either direction by means of steam or other power acting through frictiotngearing or otherwise.

A hand-machine may be employed, conconstructed in accordance with this invention, as hereinafter indicated.

The invention will now be more fully described with reference to the accompanying d rawi n gs.

Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a front: elevation of the press, the die-box shown in section. Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a sectional side elevation. Fig. 3,

Sheet 3, is a side elevation of frame, Showing gearing. Fig. 4, Sheet 1, is a plan showing arrangement for releasing-plungers, and Fig. 5, Sheet 2, a plan of balance-weight lever. Fig. 6, Sheet 4, is a sectional elevation of a hand-press constructed according to this invention. Fig. 7, Sheet 5, is a transverse sectional elevation of the same. Fig. 8, Sheet 4, is a side elevation ofa form of die. Fig- 9 is a sectional plan of same on line mm, Fig. 6.

In Figs. 1 and 3, o, and a are fast and loose pulleys for transmitting power through shaft Z) to the main shaft 9 by means of the gearing-wheels c, (I, e, andf. The shaft g, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is mounted upon two strong standards A and A, Figs. 1 and 2, placed a short distance apart, an external cam B being situated between them. Above and below the cam B are the two rollers C and C, respectively, the upper roller G controlling the lower plunger-head H and the lower roller 0 the upper plunger-head. N. The upper roller 0 is mounted upon a strong bar connected to four vertical rods D D D D, which are free to move in a vertical direction between suitable guides in the frames of the machine and 'which are carried downwardly to some distance below the die-box E. The lower ends of the rods D D D D are united by the raising-plate F, its function being to raise up the lower plunger-spindles G G, with their I plunger-head H, for the purpose of delivering the molded tiles from the die-box E. The raising-plate F has two holes in it to allow the plunger-spindles G G to pass through and is provided with the sliding catch plate J, (shown in detail in Fig. 4,) which is shifted by contact with projecting wedge-piece X on the side of the frame across the said holes in the raising-plate F when it descends, said holes having each a narrow extension or slot J Fig. 4:, engaging under shoulders of spindles G (formed by reducing thickness of said spindles at lower ends G G) and lifting said spindles as the raising-plate ascends. As soon as the plungers are raisedto the top of theirstroke the sliding catch-plate Jis shifted back by the horizontal lever J, operated by a swivel wedge-piece W at end of the vertical hinged lever V, Figs. 2 and 4, and the plunger-spindles G Gare thus released, permitting the plunger-head H to fall and come to rest on a bridge-piece K, which is securely and rigidly bolted to the side frames or standards A A. The lower roller 0 is carried within a hollowed-out block L, supported upon lugs M, Fig. 1, on the side rods D D D D or otherwise attached to said rods and guided by suitable vertical guides in the framing or standards A A. The cavity in the block L is conveniently shaped so as to form a bearing to receive the roller, and is sufficiently deep to serve as an oilbox. The upper plunget head N is secured to the sliding block L and carries a number of individual minor plungers N N, which may be filled with renewable plates or heads. The lower plungerhead If similarly carries a number of minor plungers H ll.

The die-box E, which is of multiplex character, rests on projecting lugs V V on the sides of frames or standards A A and is also bolted or held to-the said side frames. The main external cam 13 is made of the requisite shape to enable it to perform the necessary series of pressing and lifting operations in one revolution.

The internal side cams R R are keyed on shaft gin the proper positions relative to cam B, and in their rotation they give the requisite forward-autl-backward travel to the dustfeed box T (fed bya feed-chute T) by means of two rollers U U, carried upon the upper ends of bell-crank levers O, keyed on axlebar 0 mounted upon the frame, the other ends being connected by link V to the feedbox T. The forward motion of the feed-box (about to feed the dies) may be also utilized for moving back the sliding catch-plate J, before mentioned. This is effected by means of lever W, linked at one end to the feed-box T by a link V Fig. 2, and provided at the other end with a loose cone W, Figs. 2 and 4, free to turn slightly, so as to adapt itself to the surface of the horizontal lever J, which it strikes in its travel, causing it to push back the catch-plate J, as previously described.

The depth of material delivered into the dies E is regulated by means of the screwed shaft G3 and hand-wheel G Figs. 1 and 2, in conjunction with a balance weight which gives useful pressure to the bottom of dust under pressure and lever F F Figs. 1, 2, and 8. If the hand-wheel G is screwed up, the bottom plunger-head H is prevented from falling to its full extent by reason of the spindles G (which are provided at the end of their reduced extension G with rubber buffers) coming in contact with cross-plate F on lever F thus regulating the space in the dies E and breaking the shock of the fall of bottom plunger-head and spindles.

Figs. 6 and 7 show a hand-press which may be actuated by means of weighted arms I I, having depending hand-bars 2 2, revolvinga screw 3, passing through a cross head 4, mounted on and connected by standards or rods 5 with the bed-frame 6. In this arrangement the crossbar C and the top plungerhead N, carrying minor plungers N N, is connected by side rods D D to a raising-plate F, said rods D D passing through holes in bed-frame or table 6. The lower plungerhead H, carrying minor plungers H H, is mounted on a spindle G, having, as already mentioned, a thinner extension or lower end G, provided with a rubber buffer. The slide catch-plate. J, provided with a hole, as previously described in reference to the powermachine, is carried on the raising-plate F, through which the spindle G passes to and fro up and down. On the descent of the top plunger N and raising-plate F, connected together,the beveled face of a fixed stud 8 passes through hole 9 in raising-plate F and pushes the catch-plate J forward, so that it engages under the shoulder 10 of spindle G, thereby enabling said spindle and plungers mounted thereon to be raised together and said plungers to enter the dies E and so push up the tiles. On the arrival of the raising-plate at a certain point of its upward travel a beveled stud 11, projecting down from the bed-plate, comes in contact with the opposite end of the catch-plate J and pushes it backward, so allowing the lower plunger-head and spindle to drop with their rubber-covered ends upon the block 12 on balance-weighted lever-l3, the length of fall being slightly controlled by means of screw and hand wheel 14, regulating the normal position of the heads of minor plungers in the dies. The travel of the feedbox is effected by rack and pinion 14 15, worked by hand-wheel 16.

The multiplex die-boxes, as shown on 6, 7, 8, and 9, may be built up in sections consisting of strong end plates 17, wall-plates 18, and spacing-blocks 19, all held together by long threaded bolts 20, fitted with lockingnuts 21.

Referring now to the method of oiling applicable to a power and hand machine, the walls of the dies are oiled automatically at each ascent and descent of the lower plungerhead H, as follows: The space between the dies E and the fixed plate K, Fig. 1, or bedplate 6, Fig. 6, is inclosed by plates P P P P, so as to form an oil-chamber Z. The minor plungers H H are grooved near the top for holding the lubricant and may be fitted with padding of absorbent material or brushes H H", &c., which becomes saturated with oil when the plungers descend, and so oil the walls of the dies. A small vessel or tank Z,

supplied with material to be compressed and molded by means of the feed-box .T, (which is shown as traveling back in the direction shown by arrow, Fig. 2,) and the main shaft 9 being rotated by the motive power through the gear-wheels 0, cl, 6, and fcauses the cam B to revolve in the direction shown vby arrow, in which rotation it bears upon the lower roller ('1', which then depresses the sliding block L, so causing'the plunger-head N. and minor plungers N N to enter the dies. E E,'&c., thus compressing the material. While this pressure is proceeding the upper roller 0 is de-v scending on the opposite surface of the cam B, thereby lowering the raising-plate F, which eventually travels below the shoulders of the spindle G of the bottom plunger-head H, so as to enable the catch-plate J to pass across underneath the spindle or to lock underneath the same by coming in contact with the Wedgeshaped projection X on standard A. ,During this period the feed-box T has traveled back and is being refilled 'by'feed-chnte T. The raising-plate F now ascends by action of cam and roller 0, carrying with it the plungerdownward motion is caused by the cam B, af-

ter which the raising-plate F continues its upward motion, and at the end of its travel the sliding catch-plate J is pushed back by the horizontal lever J, operatedby the cone W, and the plungers are thus released and fall until arrested by lever F and pad F ,which break the shock of the fall of bottom plunger and spindles. The slight downward movement and subsequent continuation of upward course described causes extra friction of tiles against walls of dies, and consequently polish to the surface of said tiles. The dies are now ready to receive a new charge of material, and the process is repeated.

I claim 1. In the man ufacture of tiles, quarries and such like articles, the combination in a press ing-machine of a plurality of plungers upon a common plunger-head, a plurality of molding-chambers constituting a multiplex diebox, and a plurality of plungers upon acommon lower plunger-head, the open ends of the molding-chambers being of the same shape and area as the edges or ends of the tiles or like articles to be produced, and the said combination operating to press, mold and deliver said articles edgewise or endwisc, so that the pressure which is applied upon such comparatively small areas becomes transmitted to the larger areas corresponding to the faces and backs of the articles resulting ing in amultiplied pressure thereon, the faces of said articles moreover not only becoming highly compressed but acquiring a smoothed and polished effect by their friction upon the walls of the molding-chambers, the whole substantially as described.

2. In the manufacture of tiles, quarries and such like articles, the combination in a pressing-machine of a plurality of plungers upon a common plunger-head, a plurality of molding-chambers constituting a multiplex diebox, and a plurality of plungers upon a common lower plunger-head, the open ends of the molding-chambers being of the same shape and area as the edges or ends of the tiles or like articles to be produced, and the said combination operating to press, mold and deliver said articles, edgewise or endwise, so that the pressure which is applied upon such comparatively small areas becomes transmitted to the larger areas corresponding to the faces and backs of the articles, resultingin a multiplied pressure thereon together with means for mechanically lubricating the interiors of said molding-chambers for the purpose of imparting a bright smooth finish to the faces of the articles aided by their friction upon the walls of the molding-chambers, the whole substantially as described.

3. In the manufacture of tiles, quarries and such like articles the combination in a pressing-machine of a die-box, an upper plunger, a lower plunger, and a chamber or inclosed space into and within which said lower plunger is adapted to descend in its downward course, said chamber containing lubricating substance, at small quantity of which upon the ascent of said lower plungerbecomes carried upward upon the head or upper part of the same and so distributed over the inner walls of the die-box, together with feeding, pressing,and delivering mechanism,the Whole substantially as described.

4:. In the manufacture of tiles, quarries, and such like articles the combination in a pressing-machine of aplurality of plunger-s carried upon an upper common plunger-head, a multiplex die-box, a plurality of plungers mounted upon a lower common plunger-head, and a chamber or inclosed space into and within which said lower plungers are adapted to descend in their downward course, said chamber containing lubricating substance a small quantity of which upon the ascent of said lower plungers becomes carried upward upon the heads or upper parts of the same and so distributed over the inner walls of the said multiplex die -boX, together with feeding, pressing and delivering mechanism, the whole substantially as described.

- In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

REGINALD STANLEY.

Witnesses:

THOS. DAVIS, SYDNEY E. HARRIS.

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