US6842542B2 - Method and device for capacitive image acquisition - Google Patents

Method and device for capacitive image acquisition Download PDF

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Publication number
US6842542B2
US6842542B2 US09/801,962 US80196201A US6842542B2 US 6842542 B2 US6842542 B2 US 6842542B2 US 80196201 A US80196201 A US 80196201A US 6842542 B2 US6842542 B2 US 6842542B2
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electrodes
image
pixel
grid
measuring
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US20010026635A1 (en
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Stefan Jung
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THINKLOGIX, LLC
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Infineon Technologies AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1306—Sensors therefor non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for capacitive image acquisition which are suitable, in particular, for the acquisition of black-and-white images of fingerprints.
  • European published patent application EP 0 786 745 discloses a method and a device for capacitive image acquisition. There, a circuit for determining a local average value is provided, which is arranged separately from the image acquisition device.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fingerprint image acquisition device and method, which overcome the above-noted deficiencies and disadvantages of the prior art devices and methods of this general kind, and which make it possible, in a simple manner, to record a mosaic black-and-white image with a contrast sufficient for detail reproduction, in particular for the reproduction of fingerprints.
  • a capacitive image acquisition method which comprises:
  • the novel method manages with a single-level binary analog-to-digital conversion of the measurement signals acquired.
  • the capacitive measured values acquired for each pixel are subjected to a local threshold value comparison.
  • the acquisition of the image by capacitive measurements and the determination of the threshold value resulting from the conditions of a respectively delimited excerpt from the image can be carried out simultaneously in parallel with this method.
  • a device which can be used to carry out this method operates independently of external reference values and can be integrated e.g. for the purpose of acquiring fingerprints on a semiconductor chip.
  • the procedure is, in principal, as described in the publication specified in the introduction.
  • a grid-shaped arrangement of electrical conductors is used, which form counter electrodes to the surface of the image.
  • the surface of the image may be e.g. the skin surface of a finger pad.
  • the texturing of the skin surface into ridges and furrows thus results in locally different capacitances between the electrical conductors arranged in a plane as measuring electrodes and the skin surface, assumed to be at a constant electrical potential.
  • Arranged at a greater distance from the image surface are further electrodes, as coupling electrodes, in a plane parallel to the first-mentioned electrodes.
  • further electrodes are additionally used as reference electrodes which are each arranged adjacent to the actual measuring electrodes.
  • the reference electrodes are arranged and dimensioned in such a way that, in principal, the same measurement can be carried out with them as with the actual measuring electrodes.
  • the reference electrodes are capacitively coupled to other reference electrodes, at least the directly adjacent ones to such a great extent that in the course of a measurement using these electrodes, averaging is effected around a pixel in each case over a certain area of the image.
  • the average value acquired by means of the reference electrodes is used as a threshold value or limit value with which the respective measured value, which originates from the capacitive measurement using the actual measuring electrodes, is compared. With the average values, then, what is obtained, instead of a reference that is constant over the entire image area is a locally varying comparison value which yields a contrast sufficient for detail reproduction even in the case of a locally very light or very dark image.
  • the dimensions of the areas in which a respective average value is acquired within the image are varied.
  • the average values are used as respective threshold values and, upon comparing a measured capacitance with the respective limit value, each pixel is assigned one of two possible values.
  • the two possible values as black and white values. This allows a black-and-white image of a fingerprint the be acquired with the multiplicity of electrodes.
  • a device for capacitive acquisition of an image formed of pixels in a grid which comprises:
  • the reference electrodes are comb-shaped structures intermeshed with comb-shaped structures of adjacent reference electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a basic circuit diagram for an arrangement which is suitable for the method. Between the two layers of electrical conductors (measuring electrodes and coupling electrodes), the capacitances C 12 are present in each pixel. The coupling electrodes are connected to the electrical potential V 2 . The top side of the image, e.g. the skin surface of the finger, is assumed to be at a constant potential VF. A specific potential is applied to the measuring electrodes and isolated from the electrodes by the actuation of switches.
  • a value VG,ref,i corresponding to the electrode-pixel capacitance Cf,i is respectively established on the reference electrodes in each pixel.
  • the capacitive measurement carried out in this way yields an as it were blurred or indistinct representation of the image to be acquired.
  • the indeterminacy in the capacitive measurement caused by the capacitive coupling between the reference electrodes is utilized in order to use the local value of this measurement as a reference (reference value) in a comparison with the value determined by way of the measuring electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 is a basic circuit diagram for the averaging capacitive measurement of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of an electrode arrangement suitable for the method
  • FIG. 3 is a more detailed plan view of an electrode assembly according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4A , 4 B, and 4 C are graphs illustrating the image quality improvement obtained with the novel method and device.
  • FIG. 2 there is seen a detail of a grid-shaped assembly of hexagonal measuring electrodes 1 which are arranged on a hexagonal grid and are each annularly surrounded by reference electrodes 2 bordered by concentric hexagons.
  • the coupling capacitances Ck between two respective reference electrodes are indicated as small capacitors in the diagram. These capacitors are not actually present, but rather only represent an equivalent circuit diagram for the capacitances which are in reality formed by the reference electrodes 2 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a view which corresponds to FIG. 2 and in which the structure of the reference electrodes 2 is specified in more detail in an exemplary embodiment.
  • the reference electrodes 2 are designed in a comb-like manner and intermeshed with one another in such a way that the coupling capacitances between the reference electrodes of two adjacent pixels are as large as possible.
  • the reference electrodes 2 form capacitors having a capacitance that is as large as possible with the reference electrodes 3 assigned to an adjacent pixel.
  • the best possible averaging is achieved when the method is implemented using this arrangement.
  • the fluctuations in the measured value from pixel to pixel, said fluctuations being given by the image structure, are thus largely compensated for, and essentially just one average value acquired over a plurality of pixels is measured.
  • the local image information acquired by means of the measuring electrodes is replaced, in the parallel measurement by way of the reference electrodes, by their local average value.
  • the radius of the area over which averaging is performed, and the weighting of the local averaging depending on the position in the overall image can be set through the ratios of the capacitances Ck and C 12 .
  • the capacitance ratios are to be matched to the respective application and, e.g. when using the method in a fingerprint sensor, are to be chosen such that the average value is determined over an area whose radius, preferably locally differently, is adapted to the typical groove structure of a fingerprint.
  • the arrangement of the measuring electrodes and reference electrodes should preferably be chosen to be identical for each pixel.
  • Preferably identical electronic circuits are present which can apply the predetermined potentials to the electrodes in each pixel and switch them off.
  • the potentials—forming in each pixel—on the measuring electrodes and reference electrodes are preferably compared using a comparator circuit. This comparison results in a black or white pixel of a black-and-white image, depending on whether the measured value lies below or above the relevant average value.
  • the comparator circuit may be embodied e.g. as a dynamic latch.
  • the device can be realized as an integrated circuit, for which the hexagonal arrangement of the measuring electrodes specified as an example is particularly suitable. Owing to the dense organization of the measuring electrodes in such a grid with in each case mutually adjoining sides of the hexagons, the reference electrodes can be arranged particularly well there in order to form a coupling capacitance that is as large as possible.
  • FIGS. 4A , 4 B, and 4 C are three diagrams that illustrate the method according to the invention.
  • a first extent—designated by x—in one direction of the planar arrangement of measuring electrodes is plotted in an arbitrary unit on the abscissa; voltage values associated with the measured capacitances of the individual pixels are plotted as VG on the ordinate.
  • the depicted curve 8 is intended to represent the voltage VG changing in the x-direction.
  • the relevant pixel is represented as black or white. This can be discerned from FIG.
  • the reference voltage Vref represented by the dashed line can be locally adapted to the conditions of the image by the averaging and thus, even in the area depicted on the right, the fluctuations of the voltage VG can be used for brightness values, i.e. a black-and-white gradation, of the image.
  • This reference voltage Vref is determined in the manner described by averaging using the capacitively coupled reference electrodes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Image Input (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
  • Facsimile Heads (AREA)
US09/801,962 1998-09-08 2001-03-08 Method and device for capacitive image acquisition Expired - Lifetime US6842542B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19841001A DE19841001C1 (de) 1998-09-08 1998-09-08 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kapazitiven Bilderfassung
DE19841001.8 1998-09-08
PCT/DE1999/002727 WO2000014675A1 (de) 1998-09-08 1999-09-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kapazitiven bilderfassung

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1999/002727 Continuation WO2000014675A1 (de) 1998-09-08 1999-09-01 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kapazitiven bilderfassung

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US20010026635A1 US20010026635A1 (en) 2001-10-04
US6842542B2 true US6842542B2 (en) 2005-01-11

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US09/801,962 Expired - Lifetime US6842542B2 (en) 1998-09-08 2001-03-08 Method and device for capacitive image acquisition

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US (1) US6842542B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP1110170B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP2002524752A (pt)
KR (1) KR100417726B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1225715C (pt)
AT (1) ATE326039T1 (pt)
BR (1) BR9913510A (pt)
DE (2) DE19841001C1 (pt)
RU (1) RU2192666C1 (pt)
UA (1) UA55557C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO2000014675A1 (pt)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050103091A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2005-05-19 Christian Stockinger Measuring device and method for reducing measuring errors

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10155733C1 (de) * 2001-11-14 2003-07-10 Infineon Technologies Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bilderfassung
JP2005233688A (ja) 2004-02-17 2005-09-02 Seiko Epson Corp 静電容量検出装置、指紋センサ、バイオメトリクス認証装置、及び静電容量検出条件の探索方法
US8531433B2 (en) 2010-07-21 2013-09-10 Synaptics Incorporated Producing capacitive images comprising non-connection values
CN102495295B (zh) * 2011-12-26 2013-11-06 南开大学 一种半导体薄膜材料电容特性的测量方法及装置
DE102017100516A1 (de) * 2017-01-12 2018-07-12 Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Impedanzbehaftete Elektrode
CN107049326B (zh) * 2017-03-15 2019-10-25 英华达（南京）科技有限公司 单边咀嚼监测设备及其方法

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US4162481A (en) 1976-12-22 1979-07-24 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Adaptive correlator for video processing
US5325442A (en) * 1990-05-18 1994-06-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Fingerprint sensing device and recognition system having predetermined electrode activation
EP0786745A2 (en) 1996-01-26 1997-07-30 Harris Corporation Enhanced security fingerprint sensor package and related methods
US5812252A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-09-22 Arete Associates Fingerprint--Acquisition apparatus for access control; personal weapon and other systems controlled thereby
WO1998052146A1 (en) 1997-05-16 1998-11-19 Authentec Inc. Fingerprint sensor having filtering and power conserving features and related methods
US5907627A (en) * 1995-11-06 1999-05-25 Dew Engineering And Development Limited Contact imaging device
US5952588A (en) * 1996-07-20 1999-09-14 U. S. Philips Corporation Capacitive sensing array device
US5953441A (en) * 1997-05-16 1999-09-14 Harris Corporation Fingerprint sensor having spoof reduction features and related methods
US5978496A (en) * 1996-04-26 1999-11-02 U.S. Philips Corporation Fingerprint sensing devices and systems incorporating such
US6011859A (en) * 1997-07-02 2000-01-04 Stmicroelectronics, Inc. Solid state fingerprint sensor packaging apparatus and method
US6038334A (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-03-14 Dew Engineering And Development Limited Method of gathering biometric information
US6108438A (en) * 1997-04-29 2000-08-22 U.S. Philips Corporation Fingerprint sensing devices and systems incorporating such
US6259805B1 (en) * 1996-12-04 2001-07-10 Dew Engineering And Development Limited Biometric security encryption system

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US5325442A (en) * 1990-05-18 1994-06-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Fingerprint sensing device and recognition system having predetermined electrode activation
US5812252A (en) * 1995-01-31 1998-09-22 Arete Associates Fingerprint--Acquisition apparatus for access control; personal weapon and other systems controlled thereby
US5907627A (en) * 1995-11-06 1999-05-25 Dew Engineering And Development Limited Contact imaging device
US5956415A (en) * 1996-01-26 1999-09-21 Harris Corporation Enhanced security fingerprint sensor package and related methods
EP0786745A2 (en) 1996-01-26 1997-07-30 Harris Corporation Enhanced security fingerprint sensor package and related methods
US5978496A (en) * 1996-04-26 1999-11-02 U.S. Philips Corporation Fingerprint sensing devices and systems incorporating such
US5952588A (en) * 1996-07-20 1999-09-14 U. S. Philips Corporation Capacitive sensing array device
US6259805B1 (en) * 1996-12-04 2001-07-10 Dew Engineering And Development Limited Biometric security encryption system
US6038334A (en) * 1997-02-21 2000-03-14 Dew Engineering And Development Limited Method of gathering biometric information
US6108438A (en) * 1997-04-29 2000-08-22 U.S. Philips Corporation Fingerprint sensing devices and systems incorporating such
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050103091A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2005-05-19 Christian Stockinger Measuring device and method for reducing measuring errors
US7159476B2 (en) * 2002-03-25 2007-01-09 Christian Stockinger Measuring device and method for reducing measuring errors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20010026635A1 (en) 2001-10-04
ATE326039T1 (de) 2006-06-15
CN1316080A (zh) 2001-10-03
UA55557C2 (uk) 2003-04-15
EP1110170B1 (de) 2006-05-10
JP2002524752A (ja) 2002-08-06
WO2000014675A1 (de) 2000-03-16
EP1110170A1 (de) 2001-06-27
CN1225715C (zh) 2005-11-02
RU2001109244A (ru) 2004-01-27
BR9913510A (pt) 2001-06-05
KR20010086377A (ko) 2001-09-10
DE19841001C1 (de) 2000-04-20
DE59913415D1 (de) 2006-06-14
KR100417726B1 (ko) 2004-02-11
RU2192666C1 (ru) 2002-11-10

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