US674130A - Electric-arc lamp. - Google Patents

Description

No. 674,130. Patented may 14. ism.

- T. w. YOUNG.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(Ap'plication film] Aug. 4. i900. (No Model.) 2 Sheets--Sxeev i.

3 d 5 6 j I "f, 14- I. w32@ r E 13 Y W l No.'674,l30. v Patented May I4, |90I.-

' T. W. YOUNG suscrfnc ARG: LAMP.

' (Application filed Aug. 4, 1900. (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 n Fig- A2.4

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UNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE.

TAPLEY W. YOUNG, OFWASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBlA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO :ANNIE CAMPBELL, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-Anc L AMP.

sPEcIFIcATIoN forming part of Letters Patent No. 674,130, dated May 14, 1901. Application filed August 4, 1900. Serial No. 25,873. (No model.)

To all whom' t may concern: Be it known that I, TAPLEY W. YoUN, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have insvvented certainnew and useful Improvements vin Electric-Arc Lamps; and I do declare the y following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which ro` tains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, rand tothev figures of reference marked thereon, which form apart et this specification.

;My invention relates to electric-arc lamps,

i' and particularly to the classf-lamps, de-

signed for use either in director alternating currentcircuits, the carbons of. which may burn in the atmosphere, o r they may be wholly inclosed and caused to burn surl zo rounded by an inert lgas orl partial vacuum.

The object of my invention is the production of lamp mechanism belonging to the class stated wherein the carbons are convergently supported within guiding-sleeves z5 held by spring-haugers,- the sleeves constij totingk relatively the fixed members of twin clutches throughwhich the carbons are fed -by gmvity. The fmovable clutch members are positively and, directly actuated by de- 3ovcesiput in motion upon making, breaking, or-varying the lamp-circuit, and the clamping pressure serves toseparate the pointsY of the carbons, thereby forming the arc, as below set forth. r Each constituent element of my invention is described in detail, and its individual offce, tkzagether with the mode of operationof the whole,fully explained herein.

Of the accompanyingdrawings, through- 4.o out which like numbers designate like parts, Figure llisv asidefview, partlyinvertical section, showingthe' manner of hanging the vclutches andcarb'ons'l and, includinga thermal .operating .deviceyan'd Fig. 2.is`a view 4:, similar tothel drag-.in whichelectromagnetic elements aresu'bstitu-.tedfor the' thermal op-4 A erating device. l y

Considering Fig..1, r ferred form of the in 5o 'markthetop plate, .Y with ace'ntrally-placed ring21'brconveience resenting the preention, Y. numeral 1 -mit the air to which may be provided.

of hanging the lamp by means of a cord or,

Numeral 3 designates the annular chain. rim, constructed to iit around the edge of the top, leaving a narrow space, as shown, and which space I f ill with suitable packing 4 when it isdesired to eect a gas-tight joint, as explained hereinafter. Rim 3 is secured to the top by screws 5 5, located at intervals along the edge, and by means of these `screws the needed pressurenay be exerted upon the packing 4, as Well as upon a grooved gasket 6, in the groove of which rests the turn or flange of the globe7 of the lamp. It is therefore possible by setting up the series of screws to render the junction ofthe globe and the top practically gas-tight, while allowing for acertain amount of expansion of all those parts above described.

No special form is reserved for any of the elements introduced, so far as mere contour is concerned. Y Through the topat the right of the iigures will be seen a Athreaded nipple 8, closed bya screw-cap 9. The use of the nipple is to perp be exhausted from the globe and another gas or gases substituted; It is not absolutely essential to the operation of the lamp that the globe should be exhausted or another gas introduced, as the natural' combustion of the cai-bons would sooner or later produce an atmosphere whollydeprived of free oxygen.

Upon the top lare erected two bindingposts orequivalent terminals 10 andll. These are held in position by the screws l2 and 13 encircled by the insulating- tubes 14 and 15. 0n the right, screw 12 secures the upper end of the spring-hanger 16, as shown, with which itis' in metallic contact. Thus current may pass from post 10 to hanger 16 directly. Hanger 16 is interrupted `by a coupling 17, composed of insulating material, in which" the ends of the two parts "oitl the hanger are embedded. The lower vend of this hanger is f screwed or otherwiseelectrically joined to the inclined. sleeve 18, the fronp ot"V which hasa portion cut away, as drawn:

yThis sleeve is counected'- at the back, f'or in the figure to, f i

ward lthe right, with one half-19 of a divided sleeve ortube. This half-sleeve 19 consti- IOO tutes the relatively-fixed member of the clutch that holds thecarbon 20, which for purposes ot this description is to be regarded as the positive electrode. The movable c lutch lmennber is the complemental half 21 of the divided sleeve. .Projecting fromhalf-sleeve 21 willbe observed the screws 22, 23, and 24, which are' let into the movable half-sleeve through openings 25, 26, and 27 in the front wall of the lirstfmentioned inclined'sleeve 18. It is believed .to be now clear that' the half,

sleeve 21 may be moved laterally with reference to sleeve 18 and within it'for a greater vor smaller/distance, depending upon the adjustment of the three screws. Upon the movable half -sleeve and usually cast integral therewith I form a cup 28, threaded exteriorly and covered by a'screw-cap 29, the latter provided with a central aperture 30. These ous.

the former case.

sleeve 32, in all respects the twin of sleeve 18, a portion of the front being cut away, as in One half'33 of a second longitudinally-divided sleeve is secured Within the inclined sleeve 32 and forms the fixed member of the clutch for the negative carbon 3 4. A movable half-sleeve 35, precisely like half-sleeve 21, is the remaining'clutch member on this side, and adj usting-,screws 37, and 38- project from it through the openings 39, 40, and 41in the front wall of the inclined sleeve 32. Upon movable halt-sleeve' 35 or integral with it is eonstruct-ed'the cup 42, closed by the screw-cap 43, which has a central opening 44 andwill be again referred to. Carbon 34 being that most slowly acted upon is vnot necessarily fed when' the current is di rect. It is my practice to prevent the undesired slipping downward of this carbon by introducing set-screws 45 and 46 through the back ofv the inclined sleeve and fixed halfsleeve, and when these screws are set up the carbon-is firmly held, as will be readily un derstood.`

T o insure the prompt downward feed of carbon 20, I extend a portion 47 of the 'inclined sleeve 18 and provide it with a bent end 48, against which abuts a coil-spring 49,

'having itsopposite end fitted about the slightly-tapering extremity' of the carbon. As the carbon feeds through the relaxed clutch mechanismA the 'spring extends and aids the operation. It is believed to be withiin the scope 'of my invention to similarly .lengthen sleeve 32 and provide asecond coilspring if both carbons are to be fed simulta# neously. 'fr v v Current enters the lamp by way of post 10 The lower end of hanger 31 is joined to'an inclined and hanger 16. .alt passes by way of conductor 50 through high-resistance heating-.coil

5l, thence throu'h conductl'x` 52 ,again to 7o hanger 16 by way.-of thecliiftciles and carbonl points to hanger 31 and ,binding-post. 11.

v-The heating-coil 51 progressively encircles a band 53 of highly-expansible metal or of combined strips of metal. Asingle heatingi 75 I of a loop, the ends crossingeach other. This'8o is found to be a particularly advantageous arrangement; but Ido not confine myself thereto, asaband bent into a horseshe shape would behave in the desired vman-ner when heated. vf lhe ends of the expansible band I i usually fa'fshion Tfshaped, vsubstantially as drawn. .'hese T-shaped ends are'numbered 54 and 55 :and are respectively embedded in .compressible insulating-sockets 56 and 57,

extending throughthe openings in the screw 9o caps 29 and 43, and the caps retain the sockets in thecups 28 and 42.

The operation4 is as, follows: No current passing, the heating-coil and expansible band are comparatively cold and contracted, the 95 half-sleeve 2l is drawn to the 'left against the inner front olinclined sleeve ,18, and the car, bon-points are in contact, as indicated-that is to say, the right-hand clutch mechanism I isopen and has no grasp upon carbon 20. roo This carbon cannot fall fartherthan the point of the negative carbon with which it is in contact. Current being applied, coil 51 isy heated and communicates its heat to band 53, which elongates materially, forcing its ends ros farther and fartherfrom each other, first closing the right-hand clutch upon the car' bon 20, then by continued pressure in the same direction bending the spring-*hangers outwardly and separating thecarbon-points, n o thereby forming the yarc in the usual manner. It' the coil becomes unduly heated by reason of an" excessive amount of current'to which the la'mp may be subjected from any cause, the gradual widening of the interval between the carbon-points due to over-ex panson of the band introduces 'correspond- 1 inglyincreasing resistance tothe passage 'of' the current, vreducing its flow and allowing the coil and band to cool and nari-'ow the in rgoterval. If, as is almost always the condition,

the current. is constant and u niform in strength, a mean positionis .attained and' maintained by each of the parts-described.

Numbers 58 and 59 mark small connectors. m5"

which join the ends o'f theheating-coi-l 5 1 withthe conductors 50 and 52. .l

Inkllg. 2 the construction is exactly the V same #fr all the parts but the heating-coil and expansibleband. Under certain condir tionfor example, in air- I maysubstitute l for theheating-coil and band an electromagnet having -a vverticall y-pl'aced coil 60 and a core 61, movable lengt iwise withinr the coil.

The coil' is upheld by the supports 62 and 63,

attached to the upper head of the spool'and to top l. In place of the ends of'the expansible band the insulating-sockets 56 and 57 now grasp the Tshaped ends of short arms 64 and 65, the remaining ends of which are pivotally connected to thelinks 66 and 67 of aknuckle-joint. At their meetingpointthese llinks .are pivot-ally joined to a vertical rod 68, the upper portion of which is threaded and screwed into the tapped end of core 6l of the magnet. Y The VVwire 69 of the magnetcoil has its ends connected with hanger 16 above and below the Ainsulating-coupling 17,

and the current instead of owing through a heating-coil now passes through the coil 60 of the magnet and' thence as already described. There being no current passing, the core 61 falls by gravity and the knucklejoint'draws the. carbon-points together, first opening the right-hand clutch and permitting the positive carbon to feed, as previously explained. When the current passes, core 61 -is drawn intothe magnet-coil more or less,

depending upon its lengthand weight, and,

acting through the knuckle-joint, separates the carbon-points and forms the arc, as usual.

'Phe current being of practically constant strength, the-interval between the carbonpoints should be sensibly always the same to Aproduce the light most effectively, and the .weight and length of the 'core 61 is regulated b v that. requirement.

To resistv the heat, the insulation should be ashestosthronghout, and it is thought to be unnecessary to multiply drawings merely to show that coil may be removedfrom directly over the arc by lengthening pivot-pin 5 70 and connecting its farther end rigidly with 4 vertical rod 68; x

Having thus described my invention, wha I clainnand desire to secure by Letters Patent ofv the United States, is-

. 1. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the spring-hangers, the inclined slee'ves'for guiding the carbons convergently, the said sleeves being supported -by the said hangers,

I .clutch mechanisms borne by the sleeves and adapted to 4grasp the carbons or to release them, electrically-actuated devices constructed and arranged to first operate the clutch .mechanisms and then to separate the said sleeves by bending the spring-hangers outwardly when current is applied and to reverse those movements when the current diminishes or ceases.

2. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of'tbe binding-posts, the spring-hangers in metalligy 'connection with the said bindingposts, one of said hangers being interrupted, an insulating-coupling joining the ends of the hanger at its point of interruption, the inclined sleeves for guiding the carbons convergently, the :said sleeves being supported by the rsaid hangers in metallic connection therewith, clutch mechanisms bornegrby the sleeves and adapted to grasp the carbons or to release them, electrothermal devices conpoints by bending the spring-hangers when the current is applied and to reverse those movements upon cessation of the current, conductors connected with the said interrupted hanger above and below the said insulating-coupling and with the said electrothermal devices, substantially as described.

3. vIn an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the spring-hangers, the inclined sleeves for guiding the carbone couvergently, the said sleeves being supported by the said hangers, clutch mechanisms borne by the sleeves and adapted to. ,grasp the carbons orto release them, an e'x-pansible band, a heating-coil encircling the said bandvinsulating connecting devices adapted to join the ends of the-said band and the clutches, and electrical conductors arranged to direct the current through the said heatingcoil to one oit' the clutches, substantially as described. i

4. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the binding-posts, the spring-hangers in metallic connection with the binding-posts, one of said hangers being interrupted,an insulatin@ coupling joining the ends of the hanger at its point ot' interruptionuthe inclined sleeyes for guiding the carbons convergentlyJ the said sleeves being supported by the said hangers in metallic connection therewith, clutch mechanisms `borne by the sleeves and` .adapted to grasp the carbons or to release them, an expansibleband, a heat# ing-coil encircling said band, conductors connecting the heating-coil withV the said interrupted hanger above and below the said insulating-coupling, and insulating connect ing' devices adapted to j oin, the ends of the expansible v4band and the clutches, substantially as described.

5. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the spring-hangers, the inclined sleeves for guiding the carbons convergently, the said sleeves beingsupported by the hangers, the

half-sleeves fixed Within the said inclinedsleeves, the movable half sleeves located within the inclined sleeves, means for retaining the movable half-sleeves in their positions, and electrothermal devices constructed and arranged to rst actuate the said movable half-sleeves thereby clutching the carbons and then to separate the carbon-points bybending the. hangers when current is applied and to reverse those movements upon cessation of the ycurrent, substantially as. de-

6. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the'spring-hangers, the inclined sleeves for guidngthe carbons convergently, the said sleeves being supported by--the said hangers, the half-sleeves ixedwithiuthe said inclined sleeves, the movable half `sleeves located within the said inclined sleeves, means for retaining the movable half-sleeves in. their positions, an expansible band,za' heatingcoil Vstructed and arranged to irst actuate the clutches and then to separate the'carbon-f encircling the said, band, insulating connecting devices adapted to join the ends of the said band and the said movable half-sleeves, andelectrical conductors arranged to direct t-he current through said heating-coil to one of said inclined sleeves, substantially as described.

7. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of -the'binding-posts, the spring-hangers in metallic connection Vwith. .the said binding-l posts, one of said hangers being-interrupted,

an'insulating-coupling joining 'they ends of the hanger at its point of interruption, the inclined sleeves for guiding the carbons convergently, the said sleeves being supported by thelsaid hangers inv metallic connection therewith, the half-sleeves red within said inclined sleeves, the movable half-sleeves located Within said inclined sleeves, means for retaining the movable half-sleeves in their positions,lan expansible band, a heating-coil encircling the band, conductors connecting the heating-coilwith theA said interrupted hanger above and-below the said insulatingcoupling, and insulating .connecting vdevices adaptedto join the ends of the band and the saidinovable half-sleeves, substantially as described.

8. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the spring-hangers, the inclined sleeves having openings in `their front Walls, the said inclined sleeves being supported bythe hangers, the half-sleeves iixed within the inclined sleeves, the movable half sleeves llocated within the inclined sleeves, cups erected upon the movable half sle ev`es and projecting through the-said openings in the inclined sleeves, .the screw-caps closing the cups and having' central oricesythe ex pansible'band,

the heating-coilencircling said band,- compressible insulating-sockets adapted tol re- -f passing through the screw-caps and itting the cups, substantially as described. i 9.- In an electric-arc lamprthe combination of the spring-hangers, clutch mechanisms ceive the ends of the'saidband, said sockets supported by the said hangers and adapted 4 to hold and guide the carbons convoi-gently,

an expansib'le' band having its. ends crossingv each other and connected with. the movable.

members of the clutches, and means for electrically heating thev said. band, substantially as described.' i

10. In van electric-.arc tion Vof thespri11g-hangers,v clutch mechanisms supported by the-hangers-and adapted tohold and guide the carbonscgnvergently, Velectrically-actuateddevices constructed and arranged to first operate the said clutch mechanisms and then to separate them by bending the said spring-hangers'outwardly when cui' rent is applied and to` reverse those movesubstantially as described. l

In testimony lwhereof I .affix my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

I f TAPLEY Witnesses: .Y

' 'WILm'Ainl THOMPSON HARRIS, f

3. CLiN'fioN BALINGER'.

lamp, the combina` nientswhen thecurrenidiminishes orceases, I 6s4 'l W. YOUNG. v t..

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