US657226A - Multiple-piston explosion-motor. - Google Patents

Description

Patented Sept. 4, I900. M. F. MARMONIEB. I MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSION MOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1899.)

(No Model.)

5 SheetsSheeI l.

m: uonms VETERS coy, wow-Lima. WA$HINETON. n c

No. 657,226. Patented Sept. 4, I900. M. F. MARMONIER.

MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSION MOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1899.) (No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Sept. 4, I900. M. F. MARMONIER. MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSION MOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1899.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

No. 657,226. Patented Sept. 4, I900.

' M. F. MARMONIER.

MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSION MOTOR.

(Application filed Aug. 31, 1899.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

THE cums Perms cc. worn-Luna, WASHINGTON I10v M. F. MARMONIER.

MULTIPLE PISTON EXPLOSION MOTOR.

-(App1ica.tion filed Aug. 31, 1899.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets$heet 5.

No. 657,226. Patented Sept. 4, I900.

m: Nomns PETERS co, moroumo. WASHINGTON, n, c.

" wrrnn TATES ATENT OFFiCEI I MULTIPLE-PISTON EXPLOSION-MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 657,226, dated September 4, 1900. Application filed August 31, 1899. Serial No. 729,034. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it Til/60]] concern:

Be it known that I, MARIUS FELIX MAR- MONIER,a citizen of the French Republic, and a resident ofLyons, in the RepublicofFrance, have invented certain new and useful improvements in or Relating to Multiple-Piston Explosion-Motors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an explosion-motor with variable admission and expansion for the purpose of varying its'power. This motor has the advantage that whatever be the amount of admission of explosive mixture the quantity of carbureted air is always in proportion to the quantity of burned gas remaining in the cylinder after the fourth stroke of'the motor and also that if the carburization of air is made by means of a liquid injected into the cylinder the quantity of injected liquid is always proportional to the quantity of air drawn in. Moreover, the motor is so arranged that the electrical ignition can be timed according to the quantity of explosive mixture drawn in to delay or to advance ignition.

In the annexed drawings, Figure l is a horizontal section of a motor with two cylinders constructed according to this invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same on the line A B of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a partial section on the line (J D of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a plan view, partly in section, of the link represented in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a view, partly in section, of the regulator for showing the manner in which the variation of the power of the motor can be automatically obtained, the number of revolutions remaining the same. Fig. 6 is an elevation, partly in section, of the arrangement adopted for the control of the valves. Fig. '7 is a separate view of the arrangement which varies the advance of the ignition at the same time as the admission of the explosive-gas is increased or diminished. Fig. 8 is a view in longitudinal section of the pump for the injection with variable delivery.- Fig. 9 is a section on line E F of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view of the link-motion by means of which the power of the motor can be varied. Figs. 11, 12, 13, ll, and are views of an arrangement for joining the link to the motor-shaft by means of a connecting-rod without the use of the half-speed shaft. Figs. 16 and 17 represent in elevation, partly in section and in a plan view, respectively, a general plan of the motor, the parts of which are illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9; and Fig. 18 shows an elevation of the motor, the connecting-link of which is controlled by means of the device illustrated in Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14.

a is the main shaft of the motor, and b the shaft which receives movement from shaft a and turns at half the speed of said shaft a. On the shaft 1) a disk 0 is fastened, forming part of or connected with the toothed wheel of the transmission-gear of the motor and having a cam-groove g, in which a sliding block 01 travels, this block being part of or attached to a lever 6, provided with an elongated slot in one of its outer ends and working at its other end upon alinkf, articulated on a fixed pivot h of the block 11. In the linkf a guide-block moves, this guide-block being in two partsj j and carrying between their inner ends a nut it, which can oscillate with the link and screw. (See Fig. 4.) A connecting-rod l is pivoted at one end to the top of the guide-blockj and at the other end to an axle or pivot serving also as a cross-bar m, suitably connected with the rods 77. n of the second or auxiliary pistons 0 0, the movement of which in the cylinders 13 p can be simultaneous with those of the pistons q q, whose piston-rods act upon the motor-shaft in the ordinary manner.

The chest r of the admission and exhaust valves is arranged on each motor, so that the port which communicates with the interior of the cylinder is between the two pistons of said cylinder when the pistons are in their initial position.

A rod 8 is carried by the block '6, in which it can turn without longitudinal displacement and is connected by a Cardan joint with a screw 25, which traverses the nut k, carried by the guide-block j. the rod 3 is placed a hand-wheel t, Fig. 3, or bevel or pinion wheel a, Fig. 5, as the guideblock must be moved in the link by hand or otherwise. In the latter case the bevel wheel or pinion u gears with another pinion o, driving the friction wheel or pinion 00, adapted to engage with wheel y or wheel z, according as the latter is moved up or down. Thus On the outer end of wheels a: v and shaft 25 can be put in motion in one or other direction, according to whether wheel 00 is in contact with the friction-wheel 1 or z of the movable sleeve of the governor a, which receives its rotating movement in the usual way from the motor. The rod 5 carries at a convenient part of its length a screw-thread a, gearing with the teeth of a sector b, which has movement around a stationary axle o and which carries a lever d, connected to the sector directly or through axle c. The lever d is connected with the ignition-cam by a connecting-rod e.

As usual, the cam h for producing the opening of the exhaust-valve is fastened on the axle b, which revolves at half the speed of the motor-shaft a. An angle-lever f is piv oted on an axle g, fastened on the frame of the motor. It carries on one end a roller in constant contact with the cam h, and its other end is connected by means of the connectingrod i with an angle-lever j, pivoted on an axle 1c, fixed on the motor-frame. One of the ends of the lever j is in constant contact with the outer end of the rod of the exhaustvalve Z.

A lever m is pivoted on an axle n, fixed on the frame of the motor. On one of its outer ends this lever m carries a roller constantly in contact with the cam h. The axle of this roller is .placed in a line making a right angle with a line passing through the center of the roller carried by the lever ft'. 6., the rollers are ninety degrees a art on the periphery of the cam. On its otier end the lever m is perforated, and through the perforation an axle 0 passes, carried by a lever 19, fastened on the axle q outside the chest of the suction valve r. Inside the chest of the valve 1" there is fastened also on the axle q a lever s, forked and perforated by oval slots on its oscillating extremity. Through these oval slots pass the gudgeons of a socket t", abutting on the rod of the valve 0", and the spring a of this valve presses the socket against the guide 1; for the rod.

The groove g of the disk 0 is concentric to the axle b on half of its circumference, but varies in its distance from this axle for the remainder of its length, the groove in this half bending toward the axle, so that its middle is nearer the axle than are the ends which join the part of the groove concentric to the axle.

The action of the motor is as follows: The motor being at work the sliding block (1 remains at rest during the time it is in the part of the groove 9 which forms the half-circumference concentric to axle b. The block is then caused to approach axle b and then to retire again when it has passed the part of the groove 9 which is nearest the axle b. When the disk 0 is fastened on the axle b, so that the sliding block 01 is placed during the two first strokes of the motor in'the said part of the groove g nearest the axle'b, it follows that during the suction and compression the slot in the disk has always an alternate move-.

ment of the same extent, communicating to the axle m, by means of the connecting-rod l, a reciprocating movement of greater orless extent according tothe position of the slideblock j on the link f. When revolution of the disk 0 takes place in the direction indicated by the arrow 00 and when the pivot of the connecting-rod Z on the slide-block j is placed under the pivot h, it is clear that during the first stroke the pistons 0 0 are moved a certain distance in the same direction as the pistons q q, correspondingly reducing the quantity of carbureted air drawn in. When the compression takes place, (second stroke,) the pistons 0 0 return to their initial position, in which they remain during the two last strokes of the motor, (explosion and exhaust of the burned gas,) because the sliding block dis then lodged in that part of the cam-groove g which forms the concentric halfcircumference. The slide-block j is so placed in the link f with respect to its slanting direction that the nearer the axle mis to the axle or cross-bar h during the four strokes the more reduced in volume is the compression-chamber and the more feeble is the suction. When the sliding block j is moved above the axle h by means of the screw i when the suction takes place, the pistons 0 0 move a certain distance in a direction reverse to the pistons q q and correspondingly increase the quantity of carbureted air drawn in, and on the second stroke (compression) these pistons return again to their initial position, which they maintain during the two other strokes.

I would remark that the higher the slideblockj is placed in the link f the farther is the axle or cross-bar m held away from the axle h during the four strokes of the motor and that then the compression-chamber is in-' creased in volume and the suction is greater.

\Vhen the admission of carbureted air has been very feeble, it follows that at the end of the action of the exploded gas its pressure is less than that of the atmosphere and that if this has not been provided for a certain quan tity of the explosive mixture would be sucked up at the end of the third stroke and would so be entirely lost on the fourth stroke; but during the whole third stroke the cam h for i gnition oscillates the'lever m on its axle n. A rising of the socket t follows, and consequently a supplementary momentary tension of the spring it, which prevents the valve r being displaced from its seat after the second stroke of the motor.

When the slide-block j is displaced in the link by the rotation of the rod 5, obtained by means of the hand-wheel t or by the governor, the sector I) is also displaced angularly sufficiently to move the ignition-cam by means of the connecting-rod e, so that the advance of the ignition is in proportion to the quantity of carbureted air to be exploded.

It has been supposed hitherto that the suce57,22e a tion-valve 1'' gives passage,when it rises,to the carbureted air as is usual in explosion-motors; but this motor can also work when only air is sucked in and at the same time liquid hydrocarbon is injected.

In Figs. 8 and 9, f is the link of the motor, and h the pivot of this link. 0 is the pivot on which the connecting-rod (l is fastened,which latter is again pivoted at its other end to a lever 6 oscillating around a stationary pivot f. A connecting-rod g connects the lever e to the rod 7L5, forming the piston to the pumpt' It is obvious that the stroke of the piston h is constant. at is the axle of the rod of the second piston of the motor, upon which is pivoted a connecting-rod to which is joined a lever Z oscillating around the axle m and upon which the connecting-rod n is pivoted, which latter is again pivoted to the outer end of the rod 0 forming the second piston of the pump It is obvious without further explanation that the piston 0 has a variable stroke proportional to the displacement of the axle m, so that the suction of the pump i is always in proportion to the air necessary for its operation.

The description of the motor with two cylinders is the same as for a motor with one cylinder. It is sufficient in this case to guide the axle or cross-barmin any convenient way. An arrangement by means of which a variable admission and expansion are obtained can be employed withoutthe use of the half-speed shaft-that is to say, by joining the link N to a disk B by means of a connecting-rod K, (see Figs. 11 to 15,) said disk 13 being mounted on the shaft 0 of the motor. The disk A is also keyed on the motor-shaft and carries two movable sectors a b with inclined faces, the rods of said sectors being parallel to the axis of the motor. The sector a is provided with a weak spring and the sector b with a powerful spring. The disk B is loose on the shaft 0 and has in the interior thereof a circular groove 0 in which the two said sectors a b slide, and said groove is also provided with two inclined projections 0 d. The disk B'carries outside'thereof the crank-pin M or an eccentric-disk joined with the link by the connecting-rod K (See Figs. ll and 18.)

Fig. 14 shows a central section of the two disks. The action by means of this arrangement is as follows:

First stroke, (suctiouz) At the beginning of the first stroke the two sectors occupy both the inclined planes 0 (Z in the positions shown in Fig. 14. The spring of the sector 19 cffecting upon the inclined plane a sufficient pressure, the end plate or disk A revolves the plate or disk B with it. The crank-pin passes from position 1 into position 2 and the link oscillates from the right to the left.

Second stroke, (compression:) The crankpin hi returns from position 2 to position 1 and the link oscillates from the left to the right. hen the slide-block occupies on the tom of the groove.

link a position lower than the pivot Z, the connectingrods and the link transmit to the crank-pin and to the disk 13 a part of the compression proportional to the course of the counter piston. During this second stroke the disk B bears on the part- 7 8 of the sector a and transmits to disk A the motion received.

Third stroke At the moment that the crankpin 1 6 passes the dead-center the explosion takes place. The connecting-rod K eilects a great force upon the crank-pin, and thus renders the disk B immovable. The spring of the sector I) not now effecting a sufficient pressure contracts, as does also the spring of the sector a, and the disk A continues its forward movement alone.

Fourth stroke: The sectors a I) now slide in the circular groove C. The springs are regulated so that they do not touch the bot- At the end of the fourth stroke the sector a meets the inclined plane 01 but its spring not being strong enough to allow it to draw with it the disk B is compressed and the disk A continues its rotation alone. The sector I) in its turn meets the inclined plane 61 the spring is compressed until the movement,-when the sector a passes over the top of the inclined planed and falls into its seat between the two inclined planes 0 and d. The spring of the sector b then effects a suflicient pressure to draw with it the disk B. The connecting-rods and the link being assisted by the springs R R the inertia which the sector I) has to overcome in order to draw with it the disk B is very much reduced.

The action of the sectors a and b is progressive. The inclined planes 0 and at being conveniently arranged and the springs suitably regulated, a perfect graduated friction can be obtained and a regular movement with great speed for the intermittent rotation of the disk B. The link can also receive a toand-fro movement during the two first strokes of the motor by means of a lever articulated on the crank-pin of a disk mounted loosely on the motor-shaft, this disk having a re cessed throat and two inclined notches, so that two buffers which can slide in its throat and engage in the notches can, under the action of suitablytensioned springs, press the disk in order to make it partake, one turn in two, in the rotating movement of the motor.

I declare that what I claim is- 1. The combination with an explosion-inotor having one or more cylinders and having variable admission and expansion, of a second piston in each cylinder, connected by means of a connecting-rod to a link provided with a screwnut through which passes a screw provided with a Cardan joint, an axle carrying a pinion-wheel, a slide-block, aconnecting-rod suitably attached to said slideblock and provided with a groove, and a friction-roller which travels in the groove, of a cam which turns only half so fast as the axle IIO of the motor and the groove upon which half of its circumference is concentric with and upon the other half is inclined toward the center of the axle.

2. The combination with an explosion-motor having one or more cylinders and having variable admission and expansion, of a second piston in each cylinder connected by means of a connecting-rod to a link provided with a screw -nut through which passes a screw provided with a Cardan joint, an axle provided with a screw which engages with a toothed sector, a lever mounted upon the same axle, and a connecting-rod joining said lever to the igniting device.

3. The combination with an explosion-motor having one or more cylinders and having variable admission and expansion of a second piston in each cylinder, connected by means of a connecting-rod to a link provided with a screw-nut through which passes a screw provided with a Card-an joint, an axle provided with a conical wheel gearing with another conical wheel upon the axle of which is mounted a friction-roller, which is intermittently controlled by means of two other conical friction-wheels mounted upon a tube which is shifted in axial direction by a regulator.

4. The combination with an explosion-motor having one or more cylinders and having variable admission and expansion, of a second piston in each cylinder connected by means of a connecting-rod to a link, a slideblock the upper extremity of which is connected by means of a connecting-rod to a lever which by means of a small connectingrod controls a piston of a pump for pumping liquid hydrocarburet which is provided with a second piston controlled by a small connecting-rod, alever, and a link which is connected to the rod of the auxiliary piston.

5. The combination with an explosion-motor having one or more cylinders and having variable admission and expansion, of a second piston in each cylinder connected by means of aconnecting-rod toa link provided with a screw-nut through which passes a screw provided with a Cardan joint, an axle provided with a pinion-wheel, a slide-block, alink suitably attached to said slide-block and provided with a groove and a roller which travels in the groove of a cam upon the axle of which is mounted another cam which controls two levers placed at a right angle, one of which is connected to an angle-lever, and above one of its extremities is arranged a discharge-valve in a valve-chest, the second le ver actuating another lever, the axis of which, where it enters the valve-chest, carries a lever connecting by means of a socket with the rod of the discharge-valve, a spring being placed between said socket and a Washer fixedly secured upon the end of the valve-rod.

6. The combination of a motor-shaft a, a gear-wheel thereon, a shaft 1), a gear thereon meshing with the first gear-wheel and of twice the circumference of the first gear-wheel, a disk 0 on shaft 1) havinga cam-groove g onehalf of which is concentric with shaft b,'the other half bending in toward shaft 1), link f, a pivot h therefor, a block movable in the link, a nut connected to said block, a screw 15 for moving said nut, the screw being adapted to swing with the link, means for turning the screw, arm c connected to the link, block (1 carried by arm 6 and extending into camgroove g, said groove controlling arm 6' and link f, one or more motor-cylindersp, a main piston q' and an auxiliary piston 0 for each cylinder, a piston-rod n for each auxiliary piston, a rod Z between the piston rod or rods 01 and the slide-block j, for transferring motion from the link to rod or rods 71 and piston or pistons 0, the extent of such movement depending on the adjustment of block j, a valve-chest for each cylinder and communicating therewith between the main and auxiliary pistons, admission and exhaust valves in the valve-chests, and means for control ling said valves.

7. The combination of a motor-shaft a, a gear-wheel thereon, a shaft b, a gear thereon meshing with the first gear-wheel and of twice the circumference of the first gear-wheel, a disk 0 on shaft 1) having a cam-groove 9 one half of which is concentric with shaft 1), the other half bending in toward shaft 1), link f, a pivot h therefor, a block movable in the link, a nut connected to said block, a screw 15 for moving said nut, the screw being adapted to swing with the link, means for turning the screw, arm e connected to the link, block 01 carried by arm 6 and extending into camgroove g, said groove controlling arm 6 and link f, one or more motor-cylindersp, a main piston q and an auxiliary piston 0 for each cylinder, a piston-rod n for each auxiliary piston, a rod Z between the piston rod or rods 01 and the slide-block j, for transferring motion from the link to rod or rods n and piston or pistons 0, the extent of such movement depending on the adjustment of blockj, a valvechest for each cylinder and communicating therewith between the main and auxiliary pistons, admission and exhaust valves in the valve chests, means for controlling said valves, an ignition device, and means for adjusting it operated automatically by the means which turn screw 15 to adjust nut k.

8. The combination of a motor-shaft a, a gear-wheel thereon, a shaft b, a gear thereon meshing with the first gear-wheel and of twice the circumference of the first gear-wheel, a disk 0 on shaft 1) having a cam-groove 9 one half of which is concentric with shaft b, the other half bending in toward shaft 1), link f, a pivot h therefor, a block movable in the link, a nut connected to said block, a screwt for moving said nut, the screw being adapted to swing with the link, means for turning the screw, arm 6 connected to the link, block 11 carried by arm 6 and extending into camgroove 9, said groove controlling arm 6 and link f, one or more motor-cylindersp, a main piston q and an auxiliary piston 0 for each cylinder, a piston-rod n for each auxiliary piston, a rod Z between the piston rod or rods n and the slide'blockj, for transferring motion from the link to rod or rods n and piston or pistons o, the extent of such movement depending on the adjustment of blockj, a valvechest for each cylinder and communicating therewith between the main and auxiliary pistons, admission and exhaust valves in the valve chests, means for controlling said valves, an ignition device, and means for adjustin g it consisting of shafts, means for turning said shaft, sector Z), arm (1, rod 6, operated automatically by the means which turn screw 15 to adjust nut 7r.

9. The combination of a motor-shaft a, a gear-wheel thereon, a shaft Z), a gear thereon meshing with the first gear-wheel and of twice the circumference of the first gear-wheel, a disk 0 on shaft 1) having a cam-groove g one half of which is concentric with shaft 6, the otherhalf bending in toward shaft 17, linkf, a pivot 7t therefor, a block movable in the link, a nut connected to said block, a screw 6 for moving said nut, the screw being adapted to swing with the link, means for turning the screw, arm 6 connected to the link, block d carried by arm e and extending into camgroove g, said groove controlling arm 6 and link f, one or more motor-cylindersp, a main piston q and an auxiliary piston 0 for each cylinder, a piston-rod n for each auxiliary piston, a rod Z between the piston rod or rods n and the slide-blockj, for transferring motion from the link to rod or rods n and piston or pistons o, the extent of such movement depending on the adjustment of blockj, a valvechest for each cylinder and communicating therewith between the main and auxiliary pistons, admission and exhaust valves in the valve chests, means for controlling said valves, an ignition device, and means for adj usting it operated automatically by the means which turn screw 15 to adjust nut 76, pump 1' having a piston h means for reciprocating it a fixed distance, a second piston 0 and means for moving it a variable distance.

10. The combination in an explosion-motor of cylinders 19, a shaft (4 having cranks, pistons q, rods between said pistons and cranks, auxiliary pistons 12 in the cylinders, inletvalves for the explosive material communicating with cylinders 19 between the main and auxiliary pistons, shaft 1), cams h thereon, lever on hearing on said cam and by suitable intermediate parts controlling the inlet-valve, an exhaust-valve Z, angle-lever] one arm of which cooperates with the exhaust-valve rod, rod 2', angle-lever f one end of which is connected to rod 2, the other end of which bears on cam h, an ignition-cam on shaft 12, rod 6, segment Z), link f pivoted intermediate its ends, adjustable block j carried by the link, means for adjusting blockj, piston-rods n for the auxiliary pistons, a cross-bar m, connectin g-rod Z pivoted to the cross-bar and to block j, a disk with cam-groove g on shaft 12, said groove for half its length being concentric with shaft 1) near the periphery of the disk, the groove for the other half bending in toward the shaft 1) being nearest the shaft at the middle of this half of the groove, arm 6 at one end pivoted to link f, at the other end having an elongated slot through which shaft 1) passes, and block (1 secured to rod e and extending into groove 9, said groove being so located that during the first or suction stroke of the pistons q block at moves through onequarter of the groove to the part nearest the shaft 1), wherebyit will be in position to move outward and forward in the next quadrant of the groove during the com pression-stroke, and

to enter the concentric part of the groove for the explosion and the exhaust strokes.

11. The combination in an explosion-motor having one or more cylinders and variable admission and expansion, of a working piston for each cylinder, a second piston in each cylinder, a rod for each of the second pistons, a connecting-rod Z, a pivoted link, a slide-block therefor to which rod Z is connected, an axle a, and means operated by rotation of said axle to swing said link.

Signed at Lyons, France, this 17th day of August, 1899.

MARIUS FELIX MARMONIER.

Witnesses:

E. STooHY, D. SrooHY.

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