US571740A

US571740A - barnard

Info

Publication number: US571740A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1896-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 1913-11-24

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. A. BARNARD.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 571,740. Patented Nov. 24, 1896.

FIG. 4.

20 FIGS.

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3 SheetsSheet 2.

(No Model.)

G. A. BAR'NARD.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 571,740. Patented Nov. 24, 1896.

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(No Model.)

G. A. BARNARD.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 571,740. Patented Nov. 24, 1896.

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UNITED STATES PATET rrien.

GEORGE A. BARNARD, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-ENGlNE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 571,740, dated November 24, 1896.

Application filed November 13, 1895. Serial No. 568,754. (No model.)

To ctZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE A. BARNARD, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Steam-Engines, of which improvement the following is a specification.

M y invention relates to steam or other fluid-pressure engines of the various types in which a reciprocating piston imparts, through intermediate connections, rotary motion to a shaft.

The object of myinvention is to provide an engine which shall be of simple and compact construction and in which a complete revolution of the crank-shaft will be eii'ected in and by each single stroke of the piston, thereby doubling the number of revolutions of the crank-shaft relatively to the ordinary construction without increase of piston-stroke or piston-speed.

To this end my invention generally stated consists in the combination of a fluid-pressure cylinder, a piston working therein, a crosshead fixed to the rod of the piston, a member or connecting part vibratory in a direction transverse to the traverse of the cross-head, and links co upli-ng said vibratory member with the cross-head and with a crank-pin on a rotatable shaft.

The improvement claimed is hereinafter fully set forth.

My invention employs an ordinary steamcylinder fixed to or upon a suitable bed-plate or base and provided with the usual piston, piston-rod, cross-head, and cross-head guides. The reciprocating parts are actuated in the ordinary manner, and by means of a link or connection coupled to the cross-head and to a lover-arm, cross-head, or other vibratory or reciprocating member a vibrating or oscillatory movement is imparted to the lever-arm, cross-hea-d, or other vibratory or reciprocating member in a direction transverse to the axis of the cylinder, the vibratory lever-arm or member making adouble traverse or cycle during each single stroke of the piston in either direction. A connecting-rod coupled at one end to a pin on the lever-arm or vibratory member or to a pin on an independent arm fixed to the shaft thereof, and coupled at its opposite end to a crank-pin on a main or driving shaft, ciifects a complete revolution of said shaft during each single stroke of the piston.

The transmitting mechanism is of a character which admits of material structural variation, as may be required under diiiierent conditions of application,without variation of operative principle. Thus, for example, two or more cylinders, either simple or multiple expansion, may be employed, their crossheads being connected by links to the vibratory member. By the use of two connectingrods leading in opposite directions two crankshafts may be driven, and by making the connections of the crosshead and crank-shaft to independent leverarms, set at an angle upon a common vibratory shaft, the crankshafts may be located as desired relatively to the cylinder and independent of the position of its axis. The cylinders maybe either vertical, horizontal, or inclined, as preferred, the use of two vibratory arms set at an angle, or, equivalently, of a crank-disk having two pins in different positions circumferentially, permitting the crank-shaft to be located at any desired radius from the center of motion of the vibratory lever-arm.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a steam-engine, illustrating an application of my invention; Fig. 2, a front view of the same; Fig. 3, a plan or top view; Fig. 4, an end view of the vibratory shaft and its lever-arms; Fig. 5, a side view of the same; Fig. 6, a partial side view of an engine having a single vibratory lever-arm; Fig. 7, a side view of the lever-arm of Fig. 6; Fig. 8, a side view in elcvation of a two-cylinder engine embodying my invention; Fig. 9, asimilar view of the vibratory shaft and its lever-arms, and Fig. 10 a diagram illustrating the movements of the transmitting elements in the construction of Fig. 1.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, and Fig. 10, my invention is exemplified in an engine of the vertical double-acting type, having a steam or other fluid pressure cylinder 1, which is supported by a framing composed of a vertical. casting 2 at the rear and inclined rods or standards 3 at the front of the engine, these being connected at their lower ends to a bed-plate l and at their upper ends to the cylinder. A piston 5, of the ordinary construct-ion, is fitted to reciprocate in the cylinder 1 and is secured to a piston-rod b, the loxver end of which is secured to a crosshead 7, which is fitted to slide on guides S, fixed to the rear casting 2 of the frame. lilotive fluid is admitted to and exhaust-ed from the cylinder by a distribution-valve 9, controlling induction and eduction ports at opposite ends of the cylinder and reciprocating in a valve-chest 10, movement being imparted to the distribution-valve by a valve-stem 11, actuated, through intermediate connections, by the main or driving shaft of the engine, as presently to be described.

A vibratory shaft 12, which is journaled in bearings 13 on the bed-plate, exterior tothe axial line of the cylinder, has fixed upon one of its ends a lever-arm -14, and-anotherlevei arm 15, ofgreater length,- is fixed upon its-opposite end.

Thearms

14 and 15 are vibratory in a direct-ion transverse to the traverse of the piston and cross-head, and their center lines are in this instance set at an angle one to the other; but their centerlines may, if preferred, be in the same plane, as in the construction shown in Fig. 8. -A pin 16 on thearni 14 is coupled by a link or connecting-rod 17 to a pin 18 on the ci-ossdiead 7, the relationof the cross-head and lever-arm pins bein such that when the cross-head is at the middle of its traverse the lever-arm will be at the extremity of its traverse farthest from the cross head, and when the cross-head is at either the upper or the lower extremity of its travorse'the lever-arm will be at the extremity the farther to the nearer extremity of its traverse, while the cross-head-is moving through the remainder of the stroke of the piston, that is to say, from the middle to the extremityof its traverse in either direction.

The longer lever-arm 15, which is fixed on the opposite end of the vibratory shaft 12,

carries, near its outer end, a pin 20, the 'distance of the axis of which from the axis of the shaft is'in this instance, although not necessarily, equal to twice the distance of the axis of the pin 16 of the arm 14 from the axis of the shaft. The pin 20 is coupled by a link or connecting-rod 21 to a pin 22 on a crankarm, or, as shown, a crank-disk 23, fixed on a main or crank shaft 24, journaled in bearings 25 on the bed-plate 4. A spur-pinion 20 on the crank-shaft engages a corresponding,

gear 27, the pitch-circle of which is double the diameter of that of the pinion 26 and which is fixed on a counter-shaft 28. 'Acrankpin or eccentric 29 on the counter-shaft 28 is connected by a rod or link 30 with the stem 11 of the distribution-valve 10, the connection being in this instance made, for convenience. through adouble-armed lever or rocker 31.

As indicated by the diagram, Fig. 10, the crank-shaft 24 makes a half-revolution during each traverse of the lever-arm 15, and, as before explained, two traverses, in opposite directions, of the vibratory shaft 12 and its lever-

arms

14 and 15 are effected by and during each single stroke of the piston and crosshead. A revolution of the crankshaft will be made by and during each said single stroke, thus doubling the number of revolutions relatively to an engine of the ordinary construc tion.

In order to insure the maintenance of the normal relation of the-speed of the piston and cross-head and that of the vibratory shaft and connected crank-shaft, which might otherwise be disturbed by the momentum of the flywheel when steam is shut off from the cylinder or from other causes, the cross-head may be eonnectedwith the crankindependently of the vibratory lever-arm and its connectingrod. A construction suited to this end is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in which a vibratory shaft 32 is journaled in bearings on the bedplate' and carries a short arm 33,- which is coupled by a link or connecting-rod- 34 with a pin on the gear 27 of the counter-shaft, and also carries a longer arm 35, whichis coupled by a link or eonnecting-r'od-36 with a pin on the cross-head 7. The cross-head will. thus be reciprocated by and in time with the revolutions of the crank-shaft when steam is shut off and the source of motion is the fiywhecl. and during the working of the engine will "impart rotation to' thecrank-shaft of the en gine through the connectionsabove described and the gearing, as well'as through the leverarms and their connections. The independ ent connections affordmeans for driving a valve-actuating shaft at proper speed independently'of thegearing and provide for the conditions of quick stoppage and reversing when required.

As shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the lever-arm 14 is prolonged sufficiently to carry the pin 20 of the connecting'rod 21, and the second lever-arm 15, before described, is dispensed with. The operation is, however, identical with that of the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive.

Fig. 8 illustrates an application of my invention in connection with a two-cylinder compound engine, and, further, as employed to rotate two independent crank-shafts. The high-pressure cylinder 1 and the connections of its cross-head 7 to the crank-shaft are simi lar to the construction first described. The piston-rod (3 of the low-pressure cylinder 1 is fixed to a cross-head 7, fitted to slide on guides 8 and coupled by a link 17 to a pin 16 on the arm 14, the cross-heads 7 and 7 of the high andlow pressure cylinders being set so that when one is at the middle of its traverse the other will be at one end of its trav- IIO erse. The arm is coupled, as in the instance first described, to a crank-shaft 21-, and also carries a pin which is coupled by a connecting-rod 21 to a pin 22 on a crank-clisl;23,lixed on an independent crankshaft 24, which is jOlllllZI-lGCl in bearings 25 on the bed-plate, on the opposite side of the engine from the crank-shaft 2i.

While the double-cylinder engine has been shown as of the compound type, two singleexpansion cylinders may be similarly employed, and it is also to be noted that two crank-shafts are not an essential of the double-cylinder construction, as the pistons of two cylinders, either in a single-expansion or a compound engine, may be connected, in the manner substantially as described and shown, with a. single crank-shaft and effect the rotation of the same under the same operative principle exemplified in the instances having a single cylinder.

Among the structural features of my invention may be noted that the vibratory shaft, whether provided with one or with two leverarms, may have any desired relation to the axis of the crank-shaft. The extended throw of the longer lever-arm or of the pin farther from the axis of vibration when only one lever-arm is employed is provided for the purpose of fixing the length of the crank as may be desired. In the instances shown the crank is one-quarter the length of the piston-stroke instead of one-half, as in ordinary constructions. This length, however, is not an essential one and may be varied in the discretion of the constructor.

By the employment of two lever-arms set at proper angles on the vibratory shaft the crankshaftmay be located in any desired angular relation to a plane passing through the axis of the vibratory shaft and wholly independent of relation to the axial line of the cylinder. This capability is of advantage under frequent conditions, as, for example, in driving an overhead line-shaft directly, and thus dispensing with belts, &c.

I am aware that various mechanisms have been heretofore proposed, as intermediate connections from a piston to a crank-shaft, for the purpose of increasing the number of revolutions of the latter relatively to the strokes of the former, and i do not therefore broadly claim a mechanism for effecting such result.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a fluid-pressure cylinder, a piston working therein, a cross-head fixed to the rod of the piston, an arm or connection adapted to vibrate in a direction transverse to the traverse of the piston, and to effect two trav erses,in opposite direction,durin g each stroke thereof, a link coupling said vibratory member directly to the cross-head, a rotatable crank-shaft, and a connection coupling said crank-shaft with the vibratory member.

The combination, substantially as set forth, of a fluid-pressure cylinder, a piston working therein, a cross-head fixed to the rod of the piston, an arm or connection adapted to vibrate in a direction transverse to the traverse of the piston, and to eifect two traverses,in opposite direction, during each stroke thereof, a link coupling said vibratory arm or connection directly to the crosshead, a rotatable crank-shaft, and a connection coupling said crank-shaft with the vibratory member, at a greater distance from the axis thereof than the cross-head connection.

3. lhe combination, substantially as set forth, of a fluid-pressure cylinder, a piston working therein, a cross-head fixed to the rod of the piston, a shaft journaled to vibrate at right angles to the traverse of the piston, and to effect two traverses, in opposite direction, during each stroke thereof, lever-arms fixed upon the vibratory shaft, a rotatable crankshaft, a connection coupling one of the leverarms with the cross-head, and a connection coupling the other lever-arm with the crankshaft.

4. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a fluid-pressure cylinder, a piston working therein, a cross-head fixed to the rod of the piston, a shaft journaled to vibrate at right angles to the traverse of the piston, and to effect two traverses, in opposite direction, during each stroke thereof, lever-arms fixed, at an angle one to the other, upon the vibratory shaft, a rotatable crank-shaft, a connection coupling one of the lever-arms directly to the cross-head, and a connection coupling the other lever-arm with the crank-shaft.

5. The combination, substantially as set forth, of two fluid-pressure cylinders, pistons working in said cylinders, cross-heads fixed to the rods of said pistons, a sh aft journaled to vibrate at right angles to the traverse of said pistons, and to effect two traverses, in opposite direction, during each stroke thereof, connections coupling said vibratory shaft directly to the cross-heads, a rotatable crankshaft, and a connection coupling said crankshaft with the vibratory shaft.

6. The combination, substantially as set forth, of two fluid-pressure cylinders, pistons working in said cylinders, cross-heads fixed to the rods of said pistons, a shaft journaled to vibrate at right angles to the traverse of said pistons, and to elfect two traverses, in opposite direction, during each stroke thereof, connections coupling said vibratory shaft directly to the cross-heads, two rotatable crank-shafts, and connections coupling said crank-shafts with the vibratory shaft.

7. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a fluid-pressure cylinder, a piston working therein, a crosshead fixed to the rod of the piston, a shaft j ournaled to vibrate at right angles to the traverse of the piston, a connection coupling said vibratory shaft with the cross-head, a rotatable crank-shaft, a connection coupling said crankshaft with the coupling said vibratory shaft with the crosshead, a rotatable crank-shaft, a connection coupling said crankshaft with the vibratory shaft, a counter-shaft geared to the crankshaft, independent connections coupling the cross-head with the counter-shaft, and conneetions for actuating the distribution-valve by the movement of the counter-shaft.

GEO. A. BARNARI). Witnesses:

0. II. WEEKs, A. W. BURFORD.