US656101A - Explosive-engine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 656,l0l. Patented Aug. I4, I900. 0. J. FAIBCHILD. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

(Application m ed Aug. 25, 1899.)

'4 SheetsSheet (No Model.)

Tm: norms wvzns co, Pnofoumu, WASHINGTON. n. c.

0 0 mm M m. u A d e t n e t a P & N Hm H,N 6 ME w S .0 JL w E M. 6 5 6 0 N (Application filed Aug. 25, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

i .m a W //A MMMQM z fv w No. 656,l0|. Patented Aug. I4, 1900. 0. J. FAIRCHILD.

EXPLOSIVE ENGlNE.

(Application filed Aug. 25, 1899.)

I I I I v fi ht 1450,0000

WN E W- Patented Aug. l4, I900.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

MN Kg iW UNITED STATES T PATENT OFFICE.

OREN J. FAIRCHILD, OF JAMESTOWVN, NEV YORK.

EXPLOSIVE-ENGINE.

$PEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 656,101, dated August 14, 1900. g

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OREN J. FAIROHILD, a citizen of the United States,residin g at J ames-- town, in the county of Chautauqua and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Explosive-Engines3' and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the inven-; tion, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention is an improvement in explo-j sive-engines; and it consists in the novel features hereinafter described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one form in which I have contemplated embodying my invention, and said in vention is fully disclosed in the following description and claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan view of an explosive-engine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal ver-' tical sectional view through the valve-casingand valve-controlling mechanism. Fig. 3 isaside elevation of the valve-controlling mech-i anism. Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the same; Fig. 5 is a similar view showing parts in sec-: tion. Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view on the line 6 6 of Fig. 3. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are detail views'drawn on the same scale as Fig. 2 and showing a portion of the valve-control-; ling devices in difierent positions. Fig. 10 is a detail view of the cam-actuating latch. Fig: 11 is a similar view of the valve-actuating latch. Fig. 12 is a detail view'of one of the sliding cam plates or tumblers which is engaged by the cam-actuating latch. Fig. 13 is a detail view of the sliding cam plate or tumbler for holding the valve-actuating latch out of operative relation with the valve'operating tumbler. Fig. 14 is a detail view of the valveoperating tumbler. Fig. 15 is a detail view of the reciprocating device for carrying the governor. Fig. 16 is a detail sectional view of the valve for admitting air to and controlling its exit from the dash-pot. Fig. 17 represents a longitudinal section through the governor-slide on line 17 17 of Fig. 6.

My invention relates to the class of explosive-engines in which four strokes of the piston and two revolutions of the crank-shaft Application filed August 25, 1899. Serial No. 7231456. (No model.)

are required to complete the cycle of motions of the engine. For convenience of description the four strokes of the cycle may be referred to as follows: first, the inlet-stroke, during which the piston moves outwardly under momentum of the fiy-wheel and admits a charge of the explosive mixture into the cyl inder; second, the compressing stroke',during which the piston moves backward and compresses the charge, the explosion taking place at the conclusion of the compression; third, the impulse-stroke, produced by the explosion of the charge, during which the piston moves outwardly and imparts the energy generated by the explosion to the engine-shaft, and, fourth, the exhaust-stroke, duringwhich the piston moves backward and expels the i products of combustion through the exhaust.

In the drawings, A represents the enginecylinderin which the piston reciprocates, B the connecting-rod, O the crank-shaft, C the crank, and D D the fly-wheels, all of which are of ordinary or any preferred construction.

At one side of the engine-cylinder is located the valve-casing A, whichcommunicates by a passage 0. with the cylinder and is provided with the usual water-jacket a.

(1, represents the inlet for gas, which is connected with a suitable supply, and surrounding the point at which the passage a commu nicates with the valve-casing is an annular passage a communicating with .the atmosphere at a and also communicating with the interior of the valve-casing.

a represents a gravity-valve which is constructed and arranged to normally closeboth the gas-inlet passagect and the air-passage a as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The passage a and the passage a will be formed of' such relative areas that whenthe valve 0. is raised from its seat the proper quantities of the gas and air will be admitted into the casing A and into the cylinder to form the explosive charge for the engine. It is obvious that I could employ separate inlet-passages for air and gas and provide each with a separate gravity-valve; but I prefer to employ the construction shown on account of its simplicity. I further desire it to be understood that I may employ a spring-actuated valve as an equivalent of the gravity-valve a if desired.

These construction are so obvious and well known as to need no further or more particular description.

The valve-casing A is provided with an exhaust-port o communicating with an exhaust-passage (0 leading to the atmosphere.

e represents the exhaust-valve for closing the exhaust-port a said valve being secured to one end of a valve-rod E, which is provided adjacent to the front end of the valvecasing with a piston e, which engages a cylindrical portion of the valve-casing A, which I term the dash-pot a The dash-pot is provided with an air-passage a, which is controlled bya spring-actuated valve F. (Shown in detail in Fig. 16.) Referring to this figure, frepresents a tubular casing which is preferably screwed into a threaded portion of the passage a and is provided at its upper end with a valve-seatf. The valve F is provided with guiding portionsf which engage the interior of the cylindrical casingf, and the valve is also provided with a stem f which passes through a guiding-aperture in a crossbar f, secured to the lower end of the casing f, and is provided with an adjusting-nutf engaging a threaded portion of said stem.

f represents a spring surrounding the stem of the valve and extending between the crossbar f and the valve for the purpose of holding the valve normally open. When the valve-rod E is moved in a direction to open the valve 6, the piston 6 will be moved in the dash-pot, thereby admitting a quantity of air through the valve F. \Vhen the exhaustvalve 6 is closed, the piston e will compress the air in the dash-pot, and thus form a cushion to prevent jar in closing the valve. The exhaust-valve e is held normally in closed position by a coiled spring E, as shown, and this spring serves to close the valve quickly after it has been opened by the mechanism hereinafter described.

At one side of the engine-frame I provide a longitudinally-disposed guide G, which is provided with a longitudinal groove or recess and is attached to the engine-frame in any desired way. In the present instance I have shown said guide provided with a laterallyextending flange g, which is bolted to the engine-frame, but it may be secured in other ways. In the guide G is mounted the reciprocating device or movable governor-slide H, to which reciprocating motion is imparted in this instance from an eccentric c on the main shaft 0, the said eccentric being provided with an eccentric-strap 0, having an eccentric-rod 0 connected therewith and provided with a yoke 0 engaging a pivot-pin c, mounted in suitable bearings in the slide H, all of ordinary or any preferred form.

The governor-slide H is provided with a bearing-plate h, having cars it, forming bearings for the pivot of a governor-pendulum K. The governor K is provided at its upper end with a transversely-extending bridge-plate 7.2, preferably formed integrally therewith and provided at its outer end with a downwardlyextending lug k represents the supporting pivot or shaft of the governor, which passes through an aperture in the governor proper, through apertures in the ears h, and through an aperture in the lug k, as is clearly shown in Fig. 6, thus pivoting the governor to the slide H, so that it will be reciprocated therewith. The bridge-plate 7a of the governor is provided (see Figs. 3 and 17) with laterally-projecting wings 70', extending longitudinally of the governor slide and carrying, respectively, regulating-screws 70 [00, each of which is provided with a jam-nut 70 and 70 respectively. A spring 70 is interposed between the lower end of set-screw k and the bearing-plate h, the lower end of the spring resting in a recess in said plate, and said bearing-plate is also provided with a stop or buffer 70 which is normally engaged by the lower end of the regulating-screw 7c. It will thus be seen that the normal position of the governor K with respect to the slide H is determined by the adjustment of the regulating-screw 7c and that the adjustment of the spring 70 by means of the regula tin g-screw k determines the resistance to be overcome by the inertia of the governor when moving from the cylinder before the governor can swing upon its pivot.

In the guide G, between the governor-slide H and the valve-casing A, are three slides or tumblers adapted to be operated intermittently from the governor-slide or reciprocating device, as hereinafter described.

L represents the exhaust-valve-operating tumbler, which is provided adjacent to one end with a projection Z, preferably of conical form, for engaging the end of the exhaustvalve rod E for the purpose of opening the exhaust-valve against the pressure of its retracting-spring E, and said tumbler is provided at its other end with a bearing-face Z, terminating at its inner end in a shoulder 1*. The said tumbler is also provided adjacent to the projection Z with a horizontal bearingsurface Z in a higher horizontal plane than the bearing-surface Z. The said tumbler is also provided with a horizontal longitudinally-disposed slot 1", through which passes a stationary retaining-pin 0, extending transversely through the tumbler and the guides G. When the tumbler L is pushed toward the valve-easin g A to open the exhaust-valve, it is locked in this position by means of a pawl L, which is preferably made in the form ofa bail, having its arms pivotallyconnccted to the guide G and its central portipn disposed transversely to the guide and resting upon the elevated bearing-surface l of the tumbler L. The tumbler L is provided with means for engaging this bail or pawl L, consisting in this instance of a shoulder Z, formed at the end of the bearing-surface, and said tumbler is provided with another horizontal bearing surface Z connecting the base of shoulder Z with the top of shoulder Z IIO M represents one of a pair of plates or turnblers, which I term cam-tumblers, said plates or tumblers being provided at the end nearest the valve-casing with an aperture m and having a longitudinally-extending slot m formed in said tumbler for the passage of the retaining-pin O. The upper face of the cam-tumbler M is provided with an elevated horizontal bearing-surface m at the end of the plate adjacent to the valve-casing, said surface terminating in an inclined shoulder or cam m adapted to engage the bail or pawl L and raise it out of engagement with the valve-operating tumbler L. The said tum-. bler M is also provided with an undercut shoulder on, forming a hook or projection, an elevated bearing-surface m in line with the top of the shoulder m and a vertical shoulder on, connecting the elevated surface m with a horizontal bearing-surface m on alower plane than the bearing-surface m and extending from the shoulder on to the end of the tumbler adjacent to the governor-slide. N represents the other of the two cam-tumblers and consists of a plate of substantially the same length as the tumbler M, provided with an aperture 02, adapted to register with the aperture m of the tumbler M, and having a slot n for engaging the retaining-pin O. The slot at is provided at the end farthest from the aperture 01 with an upwardly-extending recess n", which engages the pin 0 when the tumbler N is moved toward the valve-casin g, thus allowing the end of the tumbler toward the governor-slide to drop, and to permit of this drop the bottom edge of the tumbler N is inclined or beveled, as indicated at W in Fig. 13, in which the bottom of the recess in the guide G is indicated by a dotted line. The upper edge of the tumbler N is provided with an elevated bearing-face n and an inclined shoulder or cam 72 which register with the corresponding parts of the plate M, and at its opposite end the tumber N is provided with a shoulder at, disposed vertically and in line with they corresponding shoulder m of the tumbler M, and a horizontal bearing-surface 02 which is in a higher plane than the corre sponding surface m of the tumbler M, except when the recess n engages the pin 0 and permits the forward end of the tu mbler N to drop, in which case the bearing-faces of and m will be in the same horizontal plane. blers M and N are pivotally connected by a pin n, so that they must reciprocate together while the tumbler N is permitted the rising and falling movements before referred to as the recess n engages and disengages the pin 0.

The tumblers M, N, and L are illustrated in detail in Figs. 12, 13, and 14:,respectively.

P represents a cam -actuating latch provided at its forward end with an aperture p, which pivotally engages the pivot 75 of the governor K, said latch being provided, adjacent to the aperture 10, with a forwardlyprojecting stud or arm 19. The rear end of The tum-.

said latch is made broad enough to overlie the three tumblers L M N, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and is provided with an undercut shoulder p forming a hook to engage the undercut shoulder m of the tumbler M. The arm or stud p of the latch P rests upon a pin is, projecting from the inner face of the governor K, as shown in Fig. 3, and the parts will be so adjusted that the engagement of this pin with the latch P will tend to depress the hook 19 A spring 19 is operatively connected with the latch P in such a manner as to have a constant tendency to elevate the hook portion 33 of the latch. In this instance I have shown the spring 19 interposed between the arm or stud p and the wing 10 of the governor bridge-piece, (see Fig. 17,) thus pressing the stud p firmly into engagement with the pin 70 of the governor. It will thus be seen by reference to Fig. 3 that should the governor swing to the left the pin 70 will be depressed, and the spring 19 will cause the hook end of the latchto be lifted toward the position indicated in dotted lines in that figure. This movement is almost i1nper-, ceptible to the eye, but it has been exaggerated in the drawing in order to enable the operation to be more readily understood.

Q represents a latch for actuating the valveoperating tumbler L in a direction to open the exhaust-valve and also for moving the cam-tumblers rearward toward the valve-casing. This latch is provided at its forward end with an aperture q, pivotally engaging the pivot of the governor, as shown in the drawings, although this latch might be pivoted independently to the governor-slide, if preferred. The rear end q of the latch Q is made sufficiently broad to overlie the three tumblers L M N and is adapted to engage the shoulders m, n, and Z of said tumblers. In the present instance the latch Q is held by gravity in engagement with one or other of said tumblers, but it is obvious that it may be acted upon by a spring for this purpose, if found desirable. When the two latches P and Q are both mounted upon the pivot 70 each of said latches will be provided with a recess p and (1 respectively, to avoid interfering with the adj Listing-screw 7c.

The operation of the apparatus just described during the cycle of movements of the engine will be as follows: At the com mencement of the inlet-stroke the parts will be in the following positions: the exhaust-valve being open, the valve-operating tumbler L being in its backward position, the camtumblers M N being in their rear positions, the cam-actuating latch P having its hook in position to engage the hook or inclined shoulder m of the tumbler M, the valve-actuating latch Q being supported upon the bearing-surface Z of the tumbler L, and the bail or pawl L engaging the shoulder Z of said tumbler L. a partial vacuum is created within the cylinder, the inlet-valve a opens, and a charge As the piston moves outwardly of the explosive mixture enters the valvecasing and cylinder. As the latch P begins to move forward it engages m of the camtumbler M and causes the tumblers M and N to move in the same direction. At the beginning of the forward motion of the camtumblers M and N the cam-surfaces m and n of M and N will lift the bail or pawl L, thus releasing the tumbler L, when the resistance of the valve-spring E will instantly close the exhaust-valve. Simultaneously with the release of the exhaust-valve and before it has had time to close the engage ment of the cam-slot n of tumbler N upon the pin 0 lifts the tumbler N, carrying the latch Q upon the plane of, too high to be engaged by the shoulder Z of L, as it suddenly moves in a forward direction impelled by the stem of the closing exhaust-valve. In Fig. 2 the parts are shown in this position as they appear at the conclusion of the inlet-stroke. On the return or compression stroke the piston will move rcarwardly to compress the gases forming the charge in the cylinder, and of course the valve a will instantly close, so as to confine the charge in the cylinder and valve-casing. During this backward movement of the piston the reciprocating device will also be moved rearwardly and the latch Q will engage the vertical shoulders m n of the cam-tumblers, as shown in Fig. 7, and push said tumblers rearwardly, when the tumbler N will drop by reason of the recess 11 engaging the pin 0, so that the bearingsurfaces va -n will be brought into alinement. During the rearward movement of the camtumblers the tumbler L will remain stationary, and as the latch P moves rearwardly it will ride up onto the elevated surface Z of said tumbler, being provided with a beveled surface p (see Fig. 10) for that purpose, thus being lifted above the plane of the hook or shoulder m. At the commencement of the next outward stroke of the pistonto wit, the impulse-stroke-the piston will move forward under the impulse of the explosion of the charge. As the reciprocating device or governor-slide moves forward the latch P will pass over the hook or shoulder m" of the tumbler M, being held up above the same, as before described, by its engagement with the bearing-surface Z until after it has passed said shoulder, when it will engage and ride upon the bearing-surface m of the tumbler M, as shown in Fig.8. During this movement of the governor-slide the latch Q will ride off of the intermediate bearing-surface Z of the valveoperating tumbler L and will fall beyond the shoulder Z in position to engage the same. On the next return stroke, which is the exhaust-stroke, as the governor-slide begins to move rearward the valve-actuating latch Q will engage the shoulder Z of the valve-operating tumbler L, which in turn will move the stem E of the exhaust-valve and instantly open the exhaust-valve e and permit the exploded gases to be forced out through the exhaust-passage by the return stroke of the piston. The valve-operating tumbler L will be moved rearward until the pawl or bail L drops in engagement with the shoulder Z of the tumbler L, thus locking the valve in its open position, and during this movement the hook end of the latch P will ride off of the bearing-surface m of the tumbler M and drop down in rear of the hook or shoulder m of said tumbler in position to engage the same, the parts being represented in this position in Fig. 9. The shock of the closing movement of the exhaust-valve will be taken up by the dash-pot, as before described. The above-described cycle of motions will then be repeated, if the engine has not acquired a speed sufficient to affect the governor. I have described the reciprocations of the piston and governor-slide or reciprocating device as if they were exactly coincident for con venience of description; but as a matter of fact the eccentric 0 will be so adjusted that the movements of the slide H will be slightly in advance of those of the piston.

It will be observed that at the conclusion of each cycle of motion the parts will be in the position indicated in Fig. 9, the exhaust valve being held open by the pawl or bail L and the hook of the latch P being in position to engage the slide M, the first movement of which would result in the lifting of the bail and the closing of the exhaust-valve. If at the conclusion of a cycle the engine has acquired excessive spced,upon reversing the direction of movement of the governor-slide the inertia of the governor in its movement forward is suflicient to overcome the tension of the spring 75. The governor will not start as quickly as the slide and will therefore swing relatively to the left on its pivot, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3, thereby permitting the latch P to be raised by its spring 19 as shown in said figure, high enough to avoid engaging the hook or shoulder m of the slide M, and thus pass over said hook. The elevation of the hook is of course momentary and very slight; but when the latch P is returned to its normal position by the governor regaining its normal position during the stroke the hook portion of the latch P will rest upon the elevated bearingsurface m of the tumbler M, and the tumbler will therefore not be moved forward. Hence the exhaust-valve will remain open, and as the piston moves forward during what would otherwise be the inletstroke the exhaust gases or air will simply (low back through the exhaust-port and the gravity-valve a will not be open. On the return stroke the parts will be returned to their initial position and the contents of the cylinder will be forced out again through the exhaust, and this operation will be repeated until the engine has slowed down sufficiently so that the pressure of the spring 7t will overcome the momentum of the pendulum-governor, when the normal cycle of motions will begin again. It will IIO thus be seen that after the governor causes the latch P to be lifted the engine need make only an out and an in stroke before the parts are in a position to resume the cycle of motions instead of waiting while the engine makes two ontstrokes and two instrokes, as is required in most engines of this class. After the governor has thrown out the latch P for an instant the parts will remain in such position that at the conclusion of any instroke of the piston thereafter when the engine shall have slowed down Sufficiently the normal cycle of motions can be resumed.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the crank-shaft,of a reciprocating device, operative connections between it and the crank-shaft for reciprocating said device once for each' revolution of the shaft, a valve-op crating tumbler, a latch carried by said reciprocating device and adapted to engage said valve-operatingtumbler,a reciprocating camtumbler provided with a part adapted to engage said latch and hold it out of engagement with the valve-operating tumbler and a camtumbler-actuating latch carried by said reciprocatin g device, substantially as described.

2. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cranlc-shaft,of a reciprocating device, connections between it and the crank-shaft for reciprocating it once for each revolution of the shaft, a valve-operating tumbler, a valve-tnmbler-actuating latch carried by said reciprocating device, a reciprocating camtumbler having a part for engaging saidlatch and holding it out of operative relation with the valve-operating tumbler, a cam-tumbleractuatinglatch carried by the said reciprocating device, and a governor operatively connected with said cam tumbler actuating latch, substantially as described.

3. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder provided with an inlet-val ve, and a normallyclosed spring actuated exhaust-valve, the piston and the crank-shaft, of areciprocating device, operative connections between said reciprocating device and the crank-shaft for reciprocating it once for each revolution of the crank-shaft, an exhaust-valve-operating tumbler for opening the exhaust-valve, a valve-tumbler-actnating latch carried by said reciprocating device, a cam-tumbler having a part adapted to engage said latch and hold it out of operative relation with the valve-operating tumbler, a cam-tumbler-actuating latch carried by said reciprocating device and adapted to move said cam-tumblerin one direction, said cam-tumbler having a part in position to be engaged by the valve-tumbler-actnatin g latch to move it in the opposite direction, substantially as described.

4. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylind er provided with an inlet-valve, and a normally-closed spring-actuated exhaust-valve, the piston and the crank-shaft,

of a reciprocating device, operative connections between said reciprocating device and the crank-shaft fo'r reciprocating it once for each revolution of the crank-shaft, an exhanst-valve-operating tumbler for opening the exhaust-valve, a valve-tumbler-actuating latch carried by said reciprocating device, a cam-tumbler having a part adapted to engage said latch and hold it out of operative relation with the valve-operating tumbler, a camtumbler-actuating latch carried by said reciprocating device and adapted to move said cam'tumbler in one direction, said cam-tumbler having a part in position to be engaged by the valve-tumbler-actuating latch to move it in the opposite direction, and a pendulumgovernor carried by said reciprocating device and operatively connected with the cam-tumbler actuating latch for disengaging said latch from operative relation with said camtumbler in case of overmotion of the crankshaft, substantially as described.

5. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder provided with an inlet-valve and a normally-closed spring-actuated eX- haust-valve, the piston and the crank-shaft, of a reciprocating device, operative connections between said reciprocating device and the crank-shaft for reciprocating it once for each revolution of the crank-shaft, an exhaust-valve-operating tumbler for opening the exhaust-valve, a pawl for engaging said tumbler and holding the exhaustvalve in open position, a valve tumbler actuating latch carried by the governor-reciprocating device, a cam-tumbler having a part adapted to engage said latch and hold it out of operative relation with the valve-operating tumbler, and a part for engaging said pawl and throwing it out of engagement with said valveoperating tumbler, a cam-tumbler-actuating latch carried by the said reciprocating device for moving the cam-tumbler in one direction, said cam-tumbler having a partadapted to be engaged by the valve-tumbler-actuating latch to move it in the opposite direction and a pendulum-governor carried by said reciprocating device and operatively connected with the cam-tumbler-actuating latch, substantially as described.

6. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the crank-shaft, of a reciprocating device, operative connections between it and the said shaft for reciprocating the same once for each revolution of the crank-shaft, a valveoperating tumbler, a cam-tumbler for controlling the operation of said valve-operating tumbler, a valve-tumbler-actuating latch car ried by the said reciprocating device, a camactuating latch carried by the reciprocating device, a pendulum-governor pivotally con nected to the reciprocating device, operative connections between said governor and said cam-actuating latch, a resistance-spring operatively connected with said governor for resisting the movement thereof caused by the momentum of the governor and an adjusting device for said spring, substantially as described.

7. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the crank-shaft, of a reciprocating device, operative connections between it and the said shaft for reciprocating the same once for each revolution of the crank-shaft,a va lveoperating tumbler, a cam-tumbler for controlling the operation of said valve-operating tumbler, a valve-tumbler-actuatinglatch carried by the said reciprocating device, a camactuating latch carried by the reciprocating device, a pendulum-governor pivotally connected to the reciprocating device, operative connections between said governor and said cam-actuating latch, a resistance-spring operatively connected with said governor for resisting the movement thereof caused by the momentum of the governor, an adjusting device for said spring and an adjustable stop for limiting the movement of said governor under the action of said spring, substantially as described.

8. In an explosive-engine, the combination with the cylinder provided with a gravity inlet-valve and a normally-closed spring-actuated exhaust-valve, the piston and crank-- shaft, of a reciprocating device, operative connections between it and the crank-shaft for reciprocating the same once for each revolution of the crank-shaft, an exhaust-valveoperating tumbler for opening the exhaustvalve, a pawl for engaging said tumbler and holding the valve in open position, two camtumblers pivotally connected together provided with cam portions for disengaging said pawl from the valve-operating tumbler, one of said cam-tumblers having a part capable of vertical movement with respect to the other cam-tu mbler,avalve-tumbleractuatinglatch carried by the reciprocating device and adapted to be engaged by the vertically-movable part of said cam-tumbler, whereby said latch is held out of engagcmentwith the valve-operating tumbler, a cam-tumbler-actuating latch adapted to engage one of said cam-tumblers, a pendulum-governor carried by said reciprocating device, operative connections between said governor and said cam-tumbleractuating latch, said cam-tumblers having portions adapted to be engaged by the valvetumbler-actuating latch to move said tumblers in the direction opposite to that in which they are moved by the cam-tumbleractuatinglatch, said valve-operating tumbler having an elevated portion adapted to be engaged by the said cam tumbler actuating latch to hold it out of operative relation with the cam-tumbler, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

OREN J. FAIRCHILD.

\Vitnesses:

H. C. BOLTON, W. T. MARSH.

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