US6489581B2 - Arc-blasting switch possessing a break chamber with low gas compression and reciprocating piston movement - Google Patents

Arc-blasting switch possessing a break chamber with low gas compression and reciprocating piston movement Download PDF

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Publication number
US6489581B2
US6489581B2 US09/828,872 US82887201A US6489581B2 US 6489581 B2 US6489581 B2 US 6489581B2 US 82887201 A US82887201 A US 82887201A US 6489581 B2 US6489581 B2 US 6489581B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
contact
piston
switch
gas
cylinder
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Expired - Fee Related
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US09/828,872
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English (en)
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US20010035396A1 (en
Inventor
Joel Ozil
Michel Perret
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Grid Solutions SAS
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Alstom SA
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Assigned to ALSTOM reassignment ALSTOM ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OZIL, JOEL, PERRET, MICHEL
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Assigned to AREVA T&D SA reassignment AREVA T&D SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALSTOM
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/905—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the compression volume being formed by a movable cylinder and a semi-mobile piston
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions

Definitions

  • the invention relates in general to a switch, and more particularly to a circuit breaker, possessing a break chamber with low gas compression.
  • the invention can apply equally well to single contact movement circuit breakers and to dual contact movement circuit breakers.
  • dual contact movement circuit breakers operate and the way in which low gas compression circuit breakers operate have both been known separately for many years, however combining them presents drawbacks that are explained below.
  • the principle of low compression means that gas is compressed in the break chamber only during part of the stroke of the contacts, and generally during less than 50% thereof.
  • This first portion of circuit breaker opening corresponds to the contacts moving from the closed position to the beginning of blasting the arc that follows separation of the contacts. Gas compression is at its maximum at the moment the contacts separate, and the pressure falls quickly as the arc is blasted. The amount of energy required for opening the circuit breaker is thus reduced during the second portion of the stroke of the contacts.
  • each contact has moved through a distance of only R/2 in the case of a symmetrical dual movement circuit breaker, whereas the moving contact has moved through a distance R in the case of a single movement circuit breaker.
  • the reduced moving contact speed in a dual movement device presents a significant advantage in terms of total kinetic energy, and energy consumption can be reduced by about 50% (in outline, the total moving mass is doubled but the mean speed of the contacts is halved and as a result total kinetic energy is approximately halved).
  • certain single movement devices enable a compression length L to be obtained that is longer than the contact overlap distance R, typically to lie in the range 1.1 R to 1.25 R.
  • the piston is no longer stationary during the compression stage, but is moved a little inside the case towards the compression chamber by means of a linkage connected to the piston and to the contact carrying the compression chamber.
  • An example of such a system is to be found in European patent EP 0 664 552.
  • the piston is then said to execute reciprocating movement since it moves in one direction during the compression stage and in the opposite direction after the contacts have separated. This movement during the first stage of movement is equal to the distance L ⁇ R and in known devices that represents only 10% to 20% of the length L of the compression volume.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a solution which remedies those drawbacks, and capable of being applied to all types of circuit breaker having a break chamber with reduced gas compression, regardless of whether they use single or dual contact movement.
  • the invention makes it possible in a circuit breaker having dual contact movement to combine the advantages of single contact movement circuit breakers with the advantages of dual movement circuit breakers while avoiding their drawbacks.
  • the invention provides a device possessing the same compression length L as a single movement device for given contact overlap distance R.
  • the invention also makes it possible to improve the performance of single contact movement circuit breakers.
  • Devices known in the prior art can typically achieve values of L lying in the range R to 1.25 R.
  • a device proposed in the context of the present invention makes it possible to obtain L equal to 2 R at least.
  • the invention provides a gas blast switch possessing a break chamber with low gas compression, the switch comprising a first contact and a second contact, the first contact being movable along a longitudinal axis and being secured to the break chamber in which the gas is compressed by a piston, displacement means for displacing said piston being arranged so that its movement changes direction inside the case of the switch after the gas compression stage, wherein said displacement means comprise a telescopic link connected to said piston, and wherein the length of the displacement of said piston inside said case during said compression stage is not less than the length of the displacement of said first contact during said same compression stage.
  • said second contact is movable along said longitudinal axis in the opposite direction to said first contact.
  • said piston is connected in alternation with the second contact and with the first contact during the operation of opening the switch.
  • said piston is secured to the second moving contact by means of the telescopic link throughout the gas compression stage, and is separated therefrom after said first and second contacts have separated so as to become secured to said first contact.
  • This form of connection makes it possible to obtain a compression length L equal to said distance R.
  • the telescopic link is formed by a first cylinder extending the piston and surrounded by a second cylinder, the second cylinder being fixed to a peripheral link that is permanently secured to the moving second contact.
  • Said telescopic link comprises a locking assembly that unlocks at the end of the gas compression stroke to allow the movement of the piston to change direction and to follow the movement of the first contact after the first and second contacts have separated.
  • said locking assembly is constituted by balls disposed in openings formed in the first cylinder, said balls being engaged in internal peripheral grooves of the second cylinder during the gas compression stage in order to lock said telescopic link.
  • FIG. 1 is a highly diagrammatic axial half-section view of a circuit breaker of the invention in its closed position.
  • FIG. 2 is a highly diagrammatic axial half-section view of a circuit breaker of the invention in an intermediate position during opening.
  • FIG. 3 is a highly diagrammatic axial half-section view of a circuit breaker of the invention in its open position.
  • FIG. 4 is a highly diagrammatic axial half-section view of a locking assembly used in the device of the invention. The assembly is shown during the gas compression stage.
  • FIG. 5 shows said locking assembly at the end of gas compression, in a position corresponding to that described with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows said locking assembly immediately after the position described with reference to FIG. 5 . This moment corresponds to piston movement reversing.
  • FIG. 7 is a highly diagrammatic axial half-section view of a particular embodiment of a circuit breaker of the invention.
  • Telescopic inserts provide clearance ⁇ enabling the stroke L of the piston in the compression volume during the gas compression stage to be greater than the overlap distance R of the first and second contacts.
  • FIG. 8 is a highly diagrammatic axial half-section view of a circuit breaker of the invention possessing second contact drive means that are separate from those of the first contact.
  • FIG. 9 is a highly diagrammatic axial half-section view of a system of spring inserts introducing clearance ⁇ enabling a result to be achieved that is equivalent to that obtained by the device described with reference to FIG. 7 .
  • a circuit breaker of the invention is shown in axial half-section relative to its axis A of circular symmetry. It comprises a generally cylindrical case (not shown in the figures) containing a first contact 1 which is hollow and movable in translation along the axis A with a cylindrical break chamber 2 surrounding the contact 1 coaxially.
  • the break chamber 2 forms a blast volume 3 and a compression volume 4 that are separated by a yoke 5 coaxial with the contact 1 , secured thereto, and projecting radially therefrom.
  • the blast volume is closed by a nozzle 6 and communicates through the yoke 5 via a check valve 7 with the compression volume 4 which is in turn closed by a piston 8 .
  • the circuit breaker further comprises a second contact 9 in the form of a rod which is inserted in the hollow contact 1 when the circuit breaker is in its closed position.
  • the contact 9 is coaxial with the contact 1 and passes through the neck of the nozzle 6 when the circuit breaker is in its closed position, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the contact 9 of the contact 1 is moved in translation along the axis A so as to be inserted in the other contact or separated therefrom.
  • the movement of the contact 9 is relayed in the opposite direction to the contact 1 by a pivoting mechanism secured to the inside of the circuit breaker case and represented at 10 .
  • This mechanism may be a rack-and-pinion system or it may comprise a linkage such that the two contacts always move in opposite directions along the axis A.
  • the piston 8 is constrained to move with the contact 9 specifically by means of a telescopic mechanical link 11 which extends along the axis A and which is formed by a first cylinder 12 extending the rear of the piston 8 and a second cylinder 13 that slides on the cylinder 12 .
  • a peripheral link 14 can be constituted by a third cylinder or by connecting rods disposed around the axis A to surround the second cylinder 13 and is secured thereto and also to the second contact 9 by conventional fixing means.
  • This peripheral link 14 advantageously comprises a cylindrical segment of insulating material 15 .
  • the contact 1 Over a fraction of its length, the contact 1 carries a peripheral thickening 16 against which there bear balls 17 placed in openings 18 formed in the cylinder 12 and engaging in an inner peripheral groove 19 of the second cylinder 13 during the gas compression stage, i.e. at the beginning of opening.
  • the piston 8 In the closed position of the circuit breaker as shown in FIG. 1, the piston 8 is spaced apart from the yoke 5 at the end of the compression chamber remote from the piston, and the balls 17 bearing against the thickening 16 are engaged in the grooves 19 of the second cylinder 13 .
  • the telescopic link 11 is then locked in its deployed position.
  • the contact 1 is moved in a certain direction along the axis A, in this case to the right, while the contact 9 is moved in the opposite direction along the axis A, in this case to the left as shown by the arrows.
  • this mutual displacement of the contacts can also be provided by thrust from a drive mechanism (not shown in the figures) acting on the second cylinder 13 .
  • the telescopic link 11 is locked by the balls 17 which transmit the thrust from the second cylinder 13 to the portion 12 A of the first cylinder 12 which is extended by the piston 8 .
  • the piston 8 is moved in the opposite direction to the contact 1 and thus to the yoke 5 so that by moving towards each other, the yoke 5 and the piston 8 compress the gas in the compression volume 4 .
  • FIG. 4 it can be observed that the small annular portion 12 B of the first cylinder 12 situated at the end of the cylinder remote from the piston is not subjected to any force coming from the balls, so clearance can exist between the balls and said small annular portion 12 B.
  • the portion 12 A of the first cylinder 12 has housings level with the openings 18 , each housing having a spherical surface portion complementary to the surface of the ball that bears against the housing, so as to keep down the contact pressure exerted by each of the balls on said portion 12 A while compressing the gas.
  • the depth of the grooves 19 in the second cylinder 13 typically lies in the range 30% to 50% of the diameter D of the balls.
  • the portion 12 A of the first cylinder 12 can thus have thickness equal to up to 70% of the diameter D of the balls. There need only be a small gap between said portion 12 A and the peripheral thickening 16 against which the balls 17 bear.
  • the clearance between the balls and the annular portion 12 B enables the minimum diameter G of the opening 18 to be greater than the diameter D of the balls, even when the gap between the portion 12 A of the first cylinder 12 and the peripheral thickening 16 is reduced to a minimum.
  • the length L of the compression volume 4 along the axis A is substantially equal to the length R of the overlap zone between the contacts, and also to the distance through which the balls 17 are moved over the thickening 16 .
  • the isolation distance d between the two contacts 1 and 9 is also substantially equal to the distance of the relative displacement of the second cylinder 13 relative to the cylinder 12 along the axis A.
  • FIG. 7 shows a variant embodiment of the dual contact movement circuit breaker of the invention.
  • a portion of the operation of compressing the gas in the compression volume takes place before the beginning of the stage in which the first and second contacts are set into motion, with the start of their motion being delayed relative to triggering of switch opening so as to give the piston time to have traveled a distance ⁇ when contact motion is triggered.
  • the delay in the displacement of the first and second contacts is obtained by two telescopic insert systems 20 and 21 which separate the first contact 1 and the peripheral link 14 respectively into two portions each along the axial direction A.
  • Each insert system thus makes it possible to accommodate a certain amount of longitudinal relative movement between the two portions of the same element that are separated thereby. To understand this principle, FIG.
  • each of the inserts 20 and 21 could be constituted by a spring interconnecting the two portions that it separates.
  • Systems for locking the first and second contacts then need to be provided in such a manner as to hold these contacts stationary so long as the displacement of the piston 8 in the volume 4 has not reached the desired length ⁇ .
  • a linkage e.g. from the cylinders 12 or 13 of the telescopic link 11 , can unlock these locking systems once the length ⁇ is reached, with the springs then being compressed so as to enable the first and second contacts to be put into motion with a large amount of acceleration.
  • This device makes it possible to increase the compression volume to the detriment of the contact separation time which increases, and also to the detriment of the mass of the moving elements. For equivalent compression volume, it is possible to diminish the overlap distance R between the first and second contacts by increasing ⁇ .
  • the delay in displacing the first and second contacts is achieved by means constituted by a single telescopic insert system such as springs 26 that make it possible to impart a certain amount of longitudinal relative motion between the second cylinder 13 and the peripheral link 14 .
  • the peripheral link can be extended by a cylindrical portion 14 A surrounding the second cylinder 13 and capable of sliding along it, e.g. by ball bearings.
  • the pivot mechanism 10 enabling the movements of the first and second contacts to be coordinated passes through the second cylinder 13 via longitudinal openings provided for this purpose.
  • the circuit breaker drive mechanism (not shown) is connected to the second cylinder 13 and acts by applying thrust in the direction of the arrow in the figure while opening the circuit breaker.
  • the system for locking the first and second contacts can be implemented in this case by a single device 30 , e.g. constituted by a lockable pivoting arm 31 holding the peripheral link 14 by means of a stud, said arm being capable of being unlocked in conventional manner by the second cylinder 13 bearing against an element 32 which controls movement of said arm, once said second cylinder has traveled a distance ⁇ .
  • a single device 30 e.g. constituted by a lockable pivoting arm 31 holding the peripheral link 14 by means of a stud, said arm being capable of being unlocked in conventional manner by the second cylinder 13 bearing against an element 32 which controls movement of said arm, once said second cylinder has traveled a distance ⁇ .
  • FIG. 8 shows a circuit breaker whose component means are equivalent to those of the circuit breaker described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3, except that the means 25 for driving the second contact are separate from the means 24 for driving the first contact.
  • the stroke L of the piston 8 during the gas compression stage is equal to the overlap distance R between the first and second contacts. It is also possible to obtain a compression length L that is greater than R by splitting the first contact into two portions by means of a telescopic insert system 20 of the kind shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the drive means 25 are then actuated with a certain amount of delay compared with the means 24 , as a function of the stroke ⁇ provided by the said insert system, so as to synchronize the displacements of the first and second contacts.
  • the drive means 25 can be omitted so as to make the second contact fixed.
  • the contacts separate when the first contact is moved through a distance equal to the overlap distance R, i.e. when the piston has moved through a distance R.
  • the displacement of the piston 8 relative to the yoke 5 in the compression volume i.e.
  • the compression length L is then equal to twice the overlap distance R, or to even more than 2 R if the contact 1 is subdivided into two portions by a telescopic insert system 20 as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the devices known in the prior art make it possible to achieve a length L that lies typically in the range R to 1.25 R.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
US09/828,872 2000-04-18 2001-04-10 Arc-blasting switch possessing a break chamber with low gas compression and reciprocating piston movement Expired - Fee Related US6489581B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0004987 2000-04-18
FR0004987. 2000-04-18
FR0004987A FR2807870B1 (fr) 2000-04-18 2000-04-18 Interrupteur a soufflage d'arc, possedant une chambre de coupure a compression de gaz reduite et un mouvement alternatif du piston

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20010035396A1 US20010035396A1 (en) 2001-11-01
US6489581B2 true US6489581B2 (en) 2002-12-03

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ID=8849377

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/828,872 Expired - Fee Related US6489581B2 (en) 2000-04-18 2001-04-10 Arc-blasting switch possessing a break chamber with low gas compression and reciprocating piston movement

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US6489581B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1148527B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE285116T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2344256C (de)
DE (1) DE60107747T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2807870B1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060091112A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2006-05-04 Areva T&D Sa Drive kinematics in a hybrid circuit-breaker
US20070181536A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2007-08-09 Abb Technology Ag Heavy-duty circuit breaker with movement reversal
US20070205182A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2007-09-06 Abb Technology Ag Switching chamber and heavy-duty circuit breaker
US20090134123A1 (en) * 2007-11-22 2009-05-28 Areva T&D Sa High voltage circuit breaker with improved gas exhaust
US9035211B2 (en) 2011-07-20 2015-05-19 Pennsylvania Breaker, Llc Gas blast interrupter
US20160211097A1 (en) * 2013-10-16 2016-07-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas circuit breaker

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2947377B1 (fr) * 2009-06-29 2011-07-22 Areva T & D Sa Valve a clapet de decharge destinee a decharger un gaz dielectrique entre deux volumes d'une chambre de coupure de disjoncteur haute ou moyenne tension

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331935A (en) 1964-12-21 1967-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Gas-blast circuit breaker having dual piston means providing double-acting puffer arrangement
DE3930548A1 (de) 1989-09-13 1991-03-21 Licentia Gmbh Schalter mit selbsterzeugter lichtbogenbeblasung
EP0540971A1 (de) 1991-11-04 1993-05-12 Gec Alsthom Sa Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsschalter mit Dreifachbewegung
US5723840A (en) * 1995-05-04 1998-03-03 Ansaldo Industria S.P.A. Gas-dielectric high-tension interrupter of the arc-puffer type
FR2753564A1 (fr) 1996-09-17 1998-03-20 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Disjoncteur a auto-soufflage et compression reduite
EP0895262A1 (de) 1997-07-24 1999-02-03 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Gasschalter mit komprimierbaren Volum und Wärmeausdehnung
US6018133A (en) * 1997-08-11 2000-01-25 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Low-compression puffer circuit-breaker

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331935A (en) 1964-12-21 1967-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Gas-blast circuit breaker having dual piston means providing double-acting puffer arrangement
DE3930548A1 (de) 1989-09-13 1991-03-21 Licentia Gmbh Schalter mit selbsterzeugter lichtbogenbeblasung
EP0540971A1 (de) 1991-11-04 1993-05-12 Gec Alsthom Sa Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsschalter mit Dreifachbewegung
US5293014A (en) * 1991-11-04 1994-03-08 Gec Alsthom Sa Circuit breaker with triple movement for high or medium voltages
US5723840A (en) * 1995-05-04 1998-03-03 Ansaldo Industria S.P.A. Gas-dielectric high-tension interrupter of the arc-puffer type
FR2753564A1 (fr) 1996-09-17 1998-03-20 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Disjoncteur a auto-soufflage et compression reduite
EP0895262A1 (de) 1997-07-24 1999-02-03 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Gasschalter mit komprimierbaren Volum und Wärmeausdehnung
US6018133A (en) * 1997-08-11 2000-01-25 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Low-compression puffer circuit-breaker

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
European Search Report dated Jan. 3, 2001.

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7566842B2 (en) * 2004-08-23 2009-07-28 Abb Technology Ag Switching chamber and heavy-duty circuit breaker
US20070181536A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2007-08-09 Abb Technology Ag Heavy-duty circuit breaker with movement reversal
US20070205182A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2007-09-06 Abb Technology Ag Switching chamber and heavy-duty circuit breaker
CN101048836B (zh) * 2004-08-23 2011-12-28 Abb技术有限公司 具有运动反转的大功率开关
US7507932B2 (en) * 2004-08-23 2009-03-24 Abb Technology Ag Heavy-duty circuit breaker with movement reversal
CN101048837B (zh) * 2004-08-23 2010-12-22 Abb技术有限公司 开关室和大功率开关
US7426100B2 (en) * 2004-10-27 2008-09-16 Areva T&D Sa Drive kinematics in a hybrid circuit-breaker
US20060091112A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2006-05-04 Areva T&D Sa Drive kinematics in a hybrid circuit-breaker
US20090134123A1 (en) * 2007-11-22 2009-05-28 Areva T&D Sa High voltage circuit breaker with improved gas exhaust
US8530774B2 (en) * 2007-11-22 2013-09-10 Areva T&D Sa High voltage circuit breaker with improved gas exhaust
US9035211B2 (en) 2011-07-20 2015-05-19 Pennsylvania Breaker, Llc Gas blast interrupter
US20160211097A1 (en) * 2013-10-16 2016-07-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas circuit breaker
US9997314B2 (en) * 2013-10-16 2018-06-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas circuit breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60107747D1 (de) 2005-01-20
FR2807870B1 (fr) 2002-05-24
CA2344256A1 (fr) 2001-10-18
CA2344256C (fr) 2003-11-11
ATE285116T1 (de) 2005-01-15
DE60107747T2 (de) 2006-02-23
EP1148527B1 (de) 2004-12-15
FR2807870A1 (fr) 2001-10-19
US20010035396A1 (en) 2001-11-01
EP1148527A1 (de) 2001-10-24

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