US6262543B1 - Oscilloscope intensity regulation apparatus - Google Patents

Oscilloscope intensity regulation apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US6262543B1
US6262543B1 US09/249,849 US24984999A US6262543B1 US 6262543 B1 US6262543 B1 US 6262543B1 US 24984999 A US24984999 A US 24984999A US 6262543 B1 US6262543 B1 US 6262543B1
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Prior art keywords
intensity
signal
wave
agc
circuit
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US09/249,849
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English (en)
Inventor
Satoshi Ozawa
Kikutada Yoshida
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Iwatsu Electric Co Ltd
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Iwatsu Electric Co Ltd
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Assigned to IWATSU ELECTRIC CO., LTD. reassignment IWATSU ELECTRIC CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OZAWA, SATOSHI, YOSHIDA, KIKUTADA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R13/00—Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms
    • G01R13/20—Cathode-ray oscilloscopes
    • G01R13/22—Circuits therefor
    • G01R13/26—Circuits for controlling the intensity of the electron beam or the colour of the display

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oscilloscope intensity regulation apparatus.
  • the invention is particularly concerned with an apparatus of an oscilloscope for displaying wave-forms with a regulated intensity in spite of variations of repetition rates of the wave-forms and sweep velocities in the oscilloscope.
  • the CCD sensor obtains a video signal for displaying the wave-forms. Wave-forms with enough strong intensity are observable by means of video signal via the CCD sensor without direct viewing on the CRT.
  • FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of a prior art oscilloscope with a CCD sensor.
  • a CRT 10 displays wave-forms to be observed on its surface.
  • a Z-axis circuit 8 is connected with a cathode of the CRT 10 .
  • the Z-axis circuit 8 controls a beam current of the CRT 10 in accordance with instructions from a central processing unit (CPU) 4 .
  • An observer controls an intensity input 2 to obtain a desirable intensity of displayed wave-forms.
  • the intensity input 2 is, for example, a variable register or a potentiometer delivering an intensity input signal 21 to the CPU 4 .
  • the CPU 4 instructs the intensity to the Z-axis circuit 8 according to the signal 21 .
  • the CCD sensor 11 is on the surface of the CRT 10 .
  • the CCD sensor 11 reads wave-forms on the surface of the CRT 10 to deliver a CCD output 28 to a video circuit 12 .
  • the circuit 12 provides an analog to digital (A/D) converter 14 with a video signal 29 .
  • a display 19 displays the video signal converted to digital.
  • FIG. 2 there are shown the CRT 10 , the CCD sensor 11 and an output thereof.
  • the output of the Z-axis circuit 8 is supplied between a cathode K and a grid G of the CRT 10 .
  • the cathode K emits an electron current beam in accordance with the output of the Z-axis circuit 8 .
  • the beam is deflected by deflection plates to display bright wave-forms on a fluorescent screen 9 of the CRT 10 .
  • the CCD sensor 11 converts the bright wave-forms to an electrical signal.
  • a curve S shows a variation of an intensity I depending on X-position, in which the center of a bright trace is X 0 .
  • the maximum intensity is shown at the center position X 0 of a width of the bright trace in view of an arrow 51 .
  • the curve S a is the same as the curve S of FIG. 2 .
  • the curves S a , S b , and S c show respectively the intensities I a , I b and I c , in which I a ⁇ I b ⁇ I c .
  • the width of the bright trace of the curve S b is wider than that of the curve S a
  • the width of S c is wider than that of S b .
  • the bright trace of S c shows a halation.
  • Curves D a and D b show variations of intensities depending on outputs of the Z-axis circuit 8 .
  • the curve D a is in case of low repetition rate of a wave-form to be observed and D b is in case of high repetition rate.
  • intensities I a , I b and I c show a relation of I a ⁇ I b ⁇ I c .
  • Differences among intensities I a , I b and I c are quite big. It means that intensity differences depend considerably on repetition rates of wave-forms being displayed.
  • the CCD sensor 11 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is employed so as to obtain bright traces of wave-forms. As shown in FIG. 3, intensities significantly depend on repetition rates of wave-forms being displayed. Trace widths of displayed wave-forms vary in wide range with halations sometimes.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel oscilloscope intensity regulation apparatus to display wave-forms with substantially constant intensities.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a novel oscilloscope with a CCD sensor on a CRT.
  • An output of the CCD sensor is applied to a video circuit delivering a video signal.
  • a CPU instructs an intensity of an electron beam to a Z-axis circuit and an AGC (automatic gain control) revision signal to a AGC circuit in accordance with an intensity input signal.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the AGC circuit controls its gain for amplifying a video signal from the CCD sensor.
  • the AGC circuit has a large gain.
  • the circuit has a small gain. Therefore, an intensity of wave-forms being displayed is kept in the constant intensity desired, in spite of various repetition rates of the wave-forms or sweep velocities.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of an oscilloscope with a CCD sensor in accordance with a prior art
  • FIG. 2 is an operational illustration of a CRT and an output of the CCD sensor of FIG. 1 in accordance with the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration for showing intensity characteristics to intensity inputs in FIG. 1 in accordance the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit block diagram of an oscilloscope with a CCD sensor in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration for showing automatic gain control (AGC) characteristics in FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is an illustration for showing characteristics of another operation of an AGC circuit in FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration showing intensity properties to repetition rates of input wave-forms in FIG. 4 in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of another embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an illustration for showing AGC characteristics in FIG. 8 in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an initial operation flow of a CPU in FIG. 8 in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an operation flow of FIG. 8 in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit block diagram of the third embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a repetition rate meter which is one of elements of FIG. 12 in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a time chart of the repetition rate meter of FIG. 13 in which a repetition rate of a gate is low.
  • FIG. 15 is a time chart of the repetition rate meter of FIG. 13 in which a repetition rate of the gate is high.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention constructed as an oscilloscope intensity regulation apparatus.
  • a cathode ray tube (CRT) 10 displays wave-forms to be observed on its surface.
  • a Z-axis circuit (CKT) 8 is connected with a cathode of the CRT 10 .
  • the Z-axis circuit 8 controls a beam current of the CRT 10 in accordance with instructions from a central processing unit (CPU) 4 .
  • An observer controls an intensity input 2 to obtain a desirable intensity of displayed wave-forms.
  • the intensity input 2 is, for example, a variable register or a potentiometer delivering an intensity input signal 21 to the CPU 4 .
  • the CPU 4 instructs the intensity to the Z-axis circuit 8 according to the signal 21 .
  • a CCD sensor 11 is on the surface of the CRT 10 .
  • the CCD sensor 11 reads wave-forms on the surface of the CRT 10 to deliver a CCD output 28 to a video circuit (CKT) 12 .
  • CKT video circuit
  • the circuit 12 provides an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit (CKT) 13 with a video signal 29 .
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the AGC circuit 13 amplifies the video signal 29 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 receives an AGC revision signal 27 derived from the CPU 4 in accordance with the intensity input signal 21 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 When the video signal 29 is small in its amplitude, the AGC circuit 13 has a large gain. When the video signal 29 is large, the AGC circuit 13 has a small gain. The amplitude of the amplified video signal 30 is therefore regulated in accordance with the AGC revision signal 27 , so as to procure the predetermined intensity.
  • An A/D converter 14 converts the analog amplified video signal 30 to digital for displaying wave-forms with the desired intensity on a display 19 . Therefore, the wave-forms with the predetermined intensity can be displayed on the display 19 .
  • FIG. 5 ( a ) there is shown a character of the output of the Z-axis circuit 8 to the intensity input signal 21 , and in (b), the gain of the AGC circuit 13 to the signal 21 .
  • the output Z means the electron beam current of the CRT 10 .
  • the larger the intensity input B the lager the amplifying gain A is, in the range less than B 1 . In the range from B 1 to B max , the saturated gain A max is obtained. If an intensity input is B max and a repetition rate of a wave-form to be displayed is very low, the bigger gain than A max is required. It is however prevented by the saturated gain A max to excessively amplify a video signal 29 , because the excessive big gain causes a noisy signal. By the saturated gain A max , it is able to observe the wave-form of the low repetition rate in a suitable intensity without noise on the display 19 .
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a character of the AGC circuit 13 .
  • the intensity I 1 at the trace center X 0 is stronger than the intensity I 0 in FIG. 6 ( a ).
  • the I 2 is weaker than the I 0 in (b).
  • the intensity I 1 is stronger than the I 2 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 amplifies the video signal 29 of the intensity I 1 or I 2 so as to obtain the amplified video signal 30 of the intensity I 0 .
  • the amplified video signal 30 with the regulated intensity I 0 is therefore obtainable.
  • FIG. 7 there are shown characteristic curves of intensities of the amplified video signal 30 to various repetition rates of wave-forms to be displayed.
  • the curve 29 - 1 shows a characteristic at a low repetition rate and 29 - 2 at a high repetition rate.
  • the AGC circuit 13 amplifies the video signal 29 - 1 at P 1 or 29 - 2 at P 2 so as to obtain the amplified video signal 30 at P 3 (I 3 ) or P 4 (I 4 ) on the curve 30 .
  • the intensity difference between I 3 (Z 1 ) and I 4 (Z 2 ) is nearly zero in spite of a large difference between I 1 (Z 1 ) and I 2 (Z 2 ) in which Z-axis output Z 1 or Z 2 is not changed.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown a circuit block diagram of the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the reference numerals in FIG. 8 are same as those of FIG. 4 .
  • the CRT 10 displays wave-forms to be observed on its surface.
  • a Z-axis circuit 8 is connected with a cathode of the CRT 10 .
  • the Z-axis circuit 8 controls a beam current of the CRT 10 in accordance with instructions from a central processing unit (CPU) 4 .
  • CPU central processing unit
  • An observer controls an intensity input 2 to obtain a desirable intensity of displayed wave-forms and selects a sweep range input 3 to deliver a sweep range input signal 22 to the CPU 4 .
  • the intensity input 2 is, for example. a variable register or a potentiometer delivering an intensity input signal 21 to the CPU 4 .
  • the CPU 4 instructs the intensity to the Z-axis circuit 8 according to the intensity input signal 21 and the sweep range input signal 22 .
  • a gate generator 7 When applied a trigger 23 synchronizing with the wave-form to be displayed, a gate generator 7 generates a gate 23 to supply it a counter 5 .
  • the gate 24 is for a sweep generator not shown in FIG. 8 . Therefore, the repetition rate of the gate 24 is the same as that of the wave-form to be displayed in almost all cases.
  • the counter 5 receives a reset signal 25 at the predetermined interval from the CPU 4 and starts to count the gate 24 . When applied the next reset signal 25 , the counter 5 delivers a counted number 26 of the gate 24 during each cycle of the reset signal 25 to the CPU 4 .
  • the CPU 4 instructs the Z-axis circuit 8 to deliver its output to the CRT 10 in accordance with an intensity input signal 21 , a sweep range input signal 22 and the counted numbers 26 .
  • the CCD sensor 11 is on the surface of the CRT 10 .
  • the CCD sensor 11 reads wave-forms on the surface of the CRT 10 so as to deliver a CCD output 28 to a video circuit 12 .
  • the circuit 12 provides an AGC circuit 13 with a video signal 29 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 amplifies the video signal 29 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 receives an AGC revision signal 27 derived from the CPU 4 in accordance with the intensity input signal 21 , the sweep range input signal 22 and the counted number 26 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 amplifies the video signal of a large amplitude by a small gain, and a small amplitude by a large gain.
  • the AGC circuit 13 can therefore deliver an amplified video signal 30 of the regulated amplitude to the A/D converter 14 .
  • the A/D converter 14 converts the analog signal 30 to digital so as to supply it to the display 19 displaying wave-forms with the regulated intensity.
  • FIGS. 9 ( a ) and ( b ) there are shown the gain A and Z axis output to the counted number C respectively.
  • a gain A 1 is set by a counted number C 1 in (a) so as to obtain a Z-axis output Z 1 in (b).
  • a gain A max is set in (a) and a Z-axis output Z max is obtained in (b).
  • C max a gain A min is set in (a) and an output Z min is obtained in (b)
  • FIG. 10 there is shown a flowchart of the initial operation flow of the CPU 4 of FIG. 8 .
  • the CPU 4 starts to operate.
  • the CPU 4 receives the sweep range input signal 22 instructed by the sweep range input 3 in a step S 1 and the intensity input signal 21 instructed by the intensity input 2 in a step S 2 .
  • the CPU 4 confirms those instructed signals 22 and 21 in a step S 3 .
  • the CPU 4 presets the time interval of the reset signal 25 in a step S 4 . The initial operation ends.
  • FIG. 11 there is shown a flowchart of the operation flow of the CPU 4 for observing wave-forms in FIG. 8 .
  • the counter 5 starts to count the gate 24 and the CPU 4 reads the counted number 26 in a step S 11 .
  • the CPU 4 delivers the reset signal 25 to the counter 5 which is reset in a step S 12 .
  • the CPU 4 calculates the Z-axis output Z as shown in FIG. 9 ( b ) in a step S 15 and delivers it to the a CRT 10 in a step S 16 .
  • the CPU 4 calculates the gain A as shown in FIG. 9 ( a ) in a step S 17 .
  • the gain A is set in a step S 18 .
  • the CPU 4 sets a gain A max as shown in FIG. 9 ( a ).
  • the a CPU 4 can set a gain A min or less without setting the gain A max so as to prevent the generation of the noisy amplified video signal.
  • FIG. 12 there is shown a circuit block diagram of the third embodiment of the invention.
  • the reference numerals in FIG. 12 are same as those of FIG. 8 .
  • the CRT 10 displays wave-forms to observed on its surface.
  • a Z-axis circuit 8 is connected with a cathode of the CRT 10 .
  • the Z-axis circuit 8 controls a beam current of the CRT 10 in accordance with instructions from a central processing unit (CPU) 4 .
  • CPU central processing unit
  • An observer controls an intensity input 2 to obtain a desirable intensity of displayed wave-forms and selects a sweep range input 3 so as to deliver a sweep range input signal 22 to the CPU 4 .
  • the intensity input 2 is, for example. a variable register or a potentiometer delivering an intensity input signal 21 to the CPU 4 .
  • the CPU 4 instructs the intensity to the Z-axis circuit 8 according to the intensity input signal 21 and the sweep range input signal 22 .
  • a gate generator 7 When applied a trigger 23 synchronizing with the wave-form to be displayed, a gate generator 7 generates a gate 24 to supply it a repetition rate mater 6 .
  • the gate 24 is for a sweep generator not shown in FIG. 12 . Therefore, the repetition rate of the gate 24 is the same as that of the wave-form to be displayed in almost all cases.
  • a repetition rate meter 6 receives a reset signal 25 at the predetermined interval from the CPU 4 and starts to level up an internal voltage according to the number of the gate 24 .
  • the internal voltage is converted to digital so as to obtain the digital value.
  • the meter 6 delivers the digital value as the counted number 26 of the gate 24 during each cycle of the reset signal 25 to the CPU 4 .
  • the CPU 4 instructs the Z-axis circuit 8 so as to deliver its output to the CRT 10 in accordance with an intensity input signal 21 , a sweep range input signal 22 and the counted number 26 .
  • the CCD sensor 11 is on the surface of the CRT 10 .
  • the CCD sensor 11 reads wave-forms on the surface of the CRT 10 to deliver a CCD output 28 to a video circuit 12 .
  • the circuit 12 provides an AGC circuit 13 with a video signal 29 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 amplifies the video signal 29 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 receives an AGC revision signal 27 derived from the CPU 4 in accordance with the intensity input signal 21 , the sweep range input signal 22 and the counted number 26 .
  • the AGC circuit 13 amplifies the video signal of a large amplitude by a small gain, and a small amplitude by a large gain.
  • the AGC circuit 13 can therefore deliver an amplified video signal 30 of a regulated amplitude to the A/D converter 14 .
  • the A/D converter 14 converts the analog signal 30 to digital so as to supply it to the display 19 displaying wave-forms with a regulated intensity.
  • FIG. 13 there is shown a circuit diagram of the repetition rate meter 6 .
  • a staircase generator 41 generates a staircase signal 49 by stepping up a stair every gate 24 applied.
  • a reset switch 42 resets the staircase signal 49 to zero at the timing of the reset signal 25 .
  • An A/D converter 43 converts the staircase signal 49 just prior to the reset signal 25 to digital value as the counted number 26 to be delivered to the CPU 4 .
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 there are shown time charts of the repetition rate meter 6 in the cases of the low and high repetition rates of the gate 24 respectively.
  • the staircase signal is of (b) is stepped up every gate 24 of (a) applied.
  • the signal 49 of (b) is reset by the reset signal 25 of (c).
  • the amplitude V C is converted to digital value as the counted number 26 which is delivered to the CPU 4 .
  • the counted number 26 does not accurately represent the repetition rate of the gate 24 .
  • the number 26 being proportional or logarithmic to the repetition rate of the gate 24 is usable.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
US09/249,849 1998-03-23 1999-02-16 Oscilloscope intensity regulation apparatus Expired - Fee Related US6262543B1 (en)

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JP10-094126 1998-03-23
JP09412698A JP3407649B2 (ja) 1998-03-23 1998-03-23 オシロスコープ輝度制御装置

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8618406B1 (en) * 2008-02-18 2013-12-31 B & B Innovators, LLC Thermoelectric power generation method and apparatus

Citations (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1360534A (en) * 1971-04-21 1974-07-17 Cit Alcatel Apparatus for controlling the brightness of a trace on a vacuum tube screen
US3829613A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-08-13 Cit Alcatel Color intensity control system
US3830970A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-08-20 C Hurley Automatic intensity control for picture tube display systems
US3882359A (en) * 1972-06-09 1975-05-06 Lannionnais Electronique Device for stabilizing the brilliancy of an oscilloscope
US3995197A (en) * 1974-04-15 1976-11-30 Rockwell International Corporation Cathode ray tube display intensity control system
US4215294A (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-07-29 Tektronix, Inc. Automatic intensity control circuit for an oscilloscope
US4618254A (en) * 1982-10-15 1986-10-21 Ncr Canada Ltd Automatic light control system
US4633145A (en) * 1983-05-27 1986-12-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Brightness control circuit for display apparatus with color picture tube
US5025196A (en) * 1986-06-02 1991-06-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming device with beam current control
US5315695A (en) * 1990-06-25 1994-05-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Personal computer capable of altering display luminance through key operation
US5705891A (en) * 1993-09-30 1998-01-06 Hitachi Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha Power supply for reducing the power consumption of digital oscilloscope

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1360534A (en) * 1971-04-21 1974-07-17 Cit Alcatel Apparatus for controlling the brightness of a trace on a vacuum tube screen
US3830970A (en) * 1972-04-26 1974-08-20 C Hurley Automatic intensity control for picture tube display systems
US3882359A (en) * 1972-06-09 1975-05-06 Lannionnais Electronique Device for stabilizing the brilliancy of an oscilloscope
US3829613A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-08-13 Cit Alcatel Color intensity control system
US3995197A (en) * 1974-04-15 1976-11-30 Rockwell International Corporation Cathode ray tube display intensity control system
US4215294A (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-07-29 Tektronix, Inc. Automatic intensity control circuit for an oscilloscope
US4618254A (en) * 1982-10-15 1986-10-21 Ncr Canada Ltd Automatic light control system
US4633145A (en) * 1983-05-27 1986-12-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Brightness control circuit for display apparatus with color picture tube
US5025196A (en) * 1986-06-02 1991-06-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming device with beam current control
US5315695A (en) * 1990-06-25 1994-05-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Personal computer capable of altering display luminance through key operation
US5705891A (en) * 1993-09-30 1998-01-06 Hitachi Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha Power supply for reducing the power consumption of digital oscilloscope

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8618406B1 (en) * 2008-02-18 2013-12-31 B & B Innovators, LLC Thermoelectric power generation method and apparatus

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JPH11271362A (ja) 1999-10-08
DE19910616A1 (de) 1999-09-30

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