US6039844A - Containment system for coke drums - Google Patents
Containment system for coke drums Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6039844A US6039844A US09/169,127 US16912798A US6039844A US 6039844 A US6039844 A US 6039844A US 16912798 A US16912798 A US 16912798A US 6039844 A US6039844 A US 6039844A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shield
- coke
- bottom outlet
- drum
- coke drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B25/00—Doors or closures for coke ovens
- C10B25/02—Doors; Door frames
- C10B25/08—Closing and opening the doors
- C10B25/10—Closing and opening the doors for ovens with vertical chambers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B33/00—Discharging devices; Coke guides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B41/00—Safety devices, e.g. signalling or controlling devices for use in the discharge of coke
- C10B41/02—Safety devices, e.g. signalling or controlling devices for use in the discharge of coke for discharging coke
Definitions
- Residual oil when processed in a delayed coker is heated in a furnace to a temperature sufficient to cause destructive distillation in which a substantial portion of the residual oil is converted, or "cracked” to usable hydrocarbon products and the remainder yields petroleum coke, a material composed mostly of carbon.
- a large vessel hereafter called a "coke drum” is provided at the furnace outlet to allow sufficient residence time for the hydrocarbons to complete destructive distillation reaction.
- the typical coke drum is a large, upright, cylindrical, metal vessel that may, for example, be in the order of approximately 90-100 feet in height (27.4-30.4 meters) and 20-30 feet in diameter (6.1-9.1 meters), although the actual structural size and shape of the coke drum can vary considerably from one installation to another.
- a delayed coking unit has an even number of coke drums.
- the production of coke is a batch process.
- Coker feedstock is deposited as a hot liquid slurry in a coke drum.
- Lighter hydrocarbons which are products of destructive distillation flow out the top of the coke drum. Heavier material remains in the coke drum.
- When a coke drum is filled residual oil from the furnace is diverted to another coke drum. The liquid mass remaining in the coke drum cools and is quenched as a part of the process. Solid coke formed as the drum cools must be removed from the drum so that the drum can be reused. While coke is being cooled in one or more drums and while the cooled coke is being extracted from one or more drums, other drums are employed to receive the continuous production of coke feedstock as a part of the delayed coker process.
- Residual oil is heated to a temperature of typically about 900° F. (477.4° C.).
- the oil flows directly from the furnace to a coke drum.
- the liquid mass enters the drum, typically flowing through an opening in the bottom of the drum and, as the liquid level rises, the thermal cracking continues and layers of coke are laid down and solidify as the coke drum is cooled.
- the coke drum is filled substantially full with a solid mass.
- shot coke may have plugged off the drain line preventing a complete draining of the drum. Shot coke may also be loosely packed inside the drum and may "cave in” in an avalanche-like fashion and spilling onto the switch deck area below the coke drum causing substantial operating delay and creating potential hazards to personnel. Operating personnel are required to exercise reasonable caution to avoid coke hot water and hot vapors that may be released when a cave-in occurs.
- a coke chute is located in a channel below the switch deck floor with a coke pit below it. Once the coke drum head is removed, the chute is raised to mate with the coke drum bottom flange. This process may not be completely satisfactory in that there is exposure to an avalanche of shot coke when raising the chute and the chute may be overwhelmed or may not function in the event of a cave in.
- This invention provides improved safety when working around coke drums that substantially reduces the exposure of workmen to the hazardous conditions that may be associated with unheading and the initial steps of unloading a coke drum. It also benefits operations because it reduces the time required to safely return the coke drum back to service after removing the coke from the coke drum.
- a coke and water containment system has been developed which provides operators of delayed coking units improved margins of safety in draining, unheading and decoking coke drums.
- This invention utilizes on an exemplified embodiment, concentric cylindrical shields to provide a mechanical shield to protect personnel on the coker switch deck from coke avalanches and hot water.
- an outer moveable containment shield is stored up against the bottom of the coke drum and is latched in place when not in use.
- a stationary upper inner shield is stored inside the moveable assembly. The diameter of the outside containment shield is greater than the diameter of the coke drum.
- the outer containment shield has hydraulic actuators and latches to allow it to be lowered so that the bottom of the shield comes to rest on a sealing medium provided on its bottom edge on the switch deck floor.
- a canvas fire hose was installed as the sealing medium.
- a coke discharge telescoping cylinder is stored in a lower position below the switch deck floor. It is concentric with the coke drum and is designed to provide the maximum diameter available based upon the opening in the switch deck designed for coke to pass through. The other end of the chute is designed to mate with the bottom head of the coke drum when the cylinder is in the raised position.
- the outer containment shield is deployed.
- the coke drum is then unheaded inside the containment system utilizing automatic unheading technology provided by others.
- One installation includes a remotely controllable boltless fitting on the piping connection to the bottom head and a commercially available unheading device. If the operator desires to partially or fully drain the coke drum or to be certain that drainage is complete, the bottom head is lowered only a few inches until draining is complete. The water is contained safely by the shield and passes through the switch deck to the coke handling system where it is piped away.
- the outer shield When the drum is completely decoked the outer shield can be raised and latched again safely in the storage position and the telescopic cylinder is returned to its storage position so any excess coke that got between the cylinders and the shield can be washed through the opening in the switch deck into the pit or pad below.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the lower portion of a coke drum having a lower end that is supported above a switch deck floor.
- a circumferential safety shield is supported at the lower end portion of the coke drum and is moveable between a lower position employed during the initial stages of unloading of the coker drum and an upper position after the unloading initial stages are completed. In FIG. 1 the circumferential shield is shown in its lower position.
- FIG. 2 is an elevational view as in FIG. 1 but showing the shield broken away to reveal mechanisms of the coker drum that are within the shield when the shield is in its downward position and showing one type of bottom flange operating mechanism by which the lower end of the coke drum is closed.
- FIG. 2 shows the bottom flange nearly fully opened.
- FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the lower end portion of a coke drum as shown in FIG. 2 but the view is rotated 90° and the circumferential shield is shown near its retracted or upper position.
- Coke drums are commonly employed in the refining operations for receiving the residue after the most valuable hydrocarbons have been extracted from crude oil.
- Higher value hydrocarbons attained from crude oil include gasoline, diesel fuel and lubricants.
- Petroleum Coke This product, which is essentially carbon, must be dealt with in a refining operation. It has some commercial value, although the value per volume is much lower than other products derived from crude oil.
- the residual material from the refining operation in the form of coker feedstock is supplied to and fills drum 10 to about 80% of its capacity.
- the liquid product flowing into drum 10 is typically at a minimum temperature of 900° F.
- Coker drum 10 may be typically about 90-100 feet tall and of a diameter of about 20 to 32 feet, although these dimensions can vary considerably and the exact dimensions are not related to the essence of the invention.
- the lower end portion of vessel 10 includes a tapered conical portion 12 that terminates in a lower, smaller diameter cylindrical outlet portion 14 that is closed by a bottom flange structure generally indicated by the numeral 16 as shown in FIG. 2.
- the bottom flange structure 16 includes a closure plate or lid 18 that can be moved into position to sealably close the bottom open end of cylindrical outlet portion 14 or can be tilted, as shown in FIG. 2, to fully expose the bottom open end of cylindrical outlet portion 14.
- the bottom flange structure 16 may typically include a hydraulic cylinder 20 having a piston rod 22 extending therefrom that attaches to the mechanism for pivoting closure plate 18 into and out of position to seal against the bottom open end of cylindrical outlet portion 14 or to fully open the cylindrical outlet.
- the details of the bottom flange structure 16 can vary considerably and are not a part of this invention and are illustrated here only in the way of background information.
- a mounting structure generally indicated by the numeral 26.
- Inner shield 28 extending downwardly from mounting structure 26 is an inner circumferential shield 28 that is fixed in position.
- Inner shield 28 has a circumferential lower end 30 that is spaced above the bottom edge 32 of cylindrical outlet portion 14.
- Inner shield 28 is formed of metal and may be made of metal panels that are welded or bolted together to provide a structure that completely surrounds conical portion 12 of the coke vessel.
- Inner shield 28 is essentially cylindrical however, when the bottom flange structure 16 is of such construction that a portion thereof may extend outside of a circumferential perimeter, the inner shield 28 is provided with a flange housing portion 34 to accommodate all the working mechanisms of the bottom flange structure.
- Safety shield 36 Telescopically received about inner shield 28 is a circumferential safety shield 36.
- Safety shield 36 has an upper circumferential edge 38 that is of a height slightly above the lower end 30 of inner shield 28 and has a lower edge 40 that rests on or that is supported at least in close proximity to a switch deck floor 42.
- the switch deck floor will be described in more detail subsequently.
- safety shield 36 matches that of the circumferential shape of inner shield 28 which means that the safety shield 36 is substantially cylindrical, to match the cylindrical configuration of the coker vessel 10 but may require provision of an addition 44 to match with the flange housing portion 34 of the inner shield to accommodate bottom flange structure 16.
- Safety shield 36 may be upwardly positioned, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- Safety shield 36 is in a lower position as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 during the early stages of removing coke that has solidified within drum 10. In the upper position as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the entire area below the safety shield is free to access by workmen.
- actuators include any mechanical, electrical or hydraulic device to elevationally position safety shield 36.
- Actuators are indicated generally by the numeral 46 in FIG. 2.
- actuators 46 are in the form of hydraulic cylinders 48.
- a plurality of actuators are employed, spaced around the entire circumference of mounting structure 26.
- the spacing between hydraulic cylinders 48 is indicative that four of such cylinders are employed circumferentially about the bottom of drum 10.
- a minimum of at least three actuators are required but any larger number may be used.
- each of the cylinders has an extending piston rod 50.
- a bracket 52 is secured to mounting structure 26 to which the upper end of each of the hydraulic cylinders is secured, such as by means of a pin 54 (See FIG. 1).
- lower brackets 56 are secured to safety shield 36 and the lower end of each of piston rods 50 is secured to a bracket 36, such as by means of a pin 58.
- FIG. 2 the cylinder and piston rod in the right hand portion of the structure are not shown so as to disclose more details of bottom flange structure 16.
- a system is required to vertically position safety shield 36.
- a rudimentary hydraulic flow chart is illustrated in FIG. 1.
- Right hand hydraulic cylinder 48 is shown broken away to show a piston 60 that is connected to the upper end of piston rod 50.
- the rudimentary hydraulic flow diagram shows a fluid pressure source 62 (such as a pump) connected by a flow line 64 to a three-position hydraulic valve 66, the position of the valve being controlled, for purposes of illustration, by a lever 68.
- a fluid sump 70 has a flow line 72 connecting it to valve 66.
- a third flow line 74 connects valve 66 with the upper interior of cylinder 48, that is, above piston 60, and a fourth flow line 76 connects valve 66 with the interior of cylinder 48 below piston 60.
- valve 66 is shown in an intermediate position so that no fluid flow occurs through the valve.
- lever 68 When lever 68 is moved to the right, fluid pressure is caused to flow from conduit 64 through conduit 74 to the top of cylinder 48 moving piston 60 downwardly and when the lever is moved to the left, the direction of flow is reversed so that the source of fluid pressure 62 is connected through valve 66 to flow line 76 to the bottom of piston 60 moving it upwardly.
- flow lines 74 and 76 would be connected to each of the cylinders.
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing containment safety shield 36 in its nearly fully upward position and shows the bottom flange structure 16 in the closed position, that is, wherein closure plate 18 is in sealed contact with the bottom edge 32 of the vessel cylindrical outlet portion.
- FIG. 4 shows the conditions during which coke drum 10 is receiving coker feedstock, typically injected into the lower end of the vessel and this can be accomplished through conduit 78 that extends from closure plate 18.
- a disconnecting flange system generally indicated by the numeral 80, is used when the flow of coke feedstock is terminated. That is, when it is necessary to open the bottom flange structure 16, conduit 78 is separated at the disconnect flange system 80 from the refinery conduit system 82. This allows the conduit portion 78 to be pivoted along with the other portions of bottom flange structure 16 so that the conduit portion 78 is not in the way of the discharge of coke from the vessel when closure plate 18 has been removed.
- Switch deck floor 42 typically has an opening therein that can be closed by a removable deck plate 84.
- the opening typically has below it a channel (not shown) that connects to a coke pit (not shown) below the switch deck floor.
- a retractable cylindrical telescopic chute is connected to the bottom flange of the coke drum before the cutting of a pilot hole and the subsequent cutting of the coke from the drum takes place.
- Safety latches 86 are secured to mounting structure 26 and can be arranged to automatically latch onto safety shield 36 when it is raised to its uppermost position. This prevents the shield from inadvertently moving downwardly without first de-actuating the safety latches; a safety feature to protect a workmen below the safety shield in an event that there should be some failure or mis-operation of the hydraulic system or other systems used to raise the safety shield to its upper position.
- a similar safety latch is provided with the retractable telescopic cylinder for the purpose of discharging coke to the pad, pit or rail cars.
- Flange 16 is latched and moved, such as by cylinder 20, to its open position to clear the way for a telescopic chute (not shown) to be pulled up and latched in place inside the safety shield 36. While not shown, inspection windows can be provided in the safety skirt.
- the coke drum 10 is now ready for the pilot cut of the solidified coke which is conducted in the normal way and not a part of this invention. Any cave-in or bottom blowout will be contained inside safety shield 36.
- the safety shield 36 is kept in its lower or actuated position as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 during deheading of the drum and the connection of a telescoping chute to the drum bottom outlet. Thereafter the safety skirt can be retracted to its upper position as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 during the time that coke is cut from the drum.
- the safety shield is used essentially during the initial stages of unloading a coker drum and during the time when injury to workmen is most likely to occur. It can also be kept in its lower position during the entire cutting operation.
- the system as illustrated and described herein when properly designed, installed and operated will serve to prevent injury to operating personnel when a bottom drum cave in from shot coke or blow out takes place during the unheading cycle and will prevent injury to operating personnel from hot water and/or steam or coke gushing from the bottom flange.
- the safety shield system as described herein permits the use of the bottom head to drain the drum and which will thus reduce the turnaround time for preparing the drum to go back in service and such saving in time can be as much as one to three hours. This time reduction is from the draining cycle and can be used to shorten the coking cycle to increase fresh feed rates by as much as 8% to 30%, subject to other hydraulic constraints.
- the system as described herein should reduce the number of incidents and/or the time to free up a stuck drill stem and damage to the drill stem from cave ins.
- This improved safety shield system should provide emotional and psychological benefits to those required to work in the hazardous and somewhat disagreeable conditions surrounding the operation of coke drums.
- a shield is suspended from a coke drum by hydraulic cylinders and is lowered to the switch deck floor prior to unheading the drum. Suspending the shield from the drum is only a preferred but not the only embodiment of the invention.
- the shield could be suspended from structures other than the drum, such as adjacent columns used to support the drum or specifically provided pillars.
- the shield could be positioned below the switch deck floor when in a non-actuated or stowed position and then lifted through the opening during deheading of the coke drum.
- the opening through which the shield is lifted could be wholly or partially annular in shape.
- the shield in various forms, can be used in conjunction with one or more telescoping shields, such as inner shield 28 in the figures or multiple telescoping shields may be employed that move in conjunction with each other.
- the invention as illustrated employs a shield that is vertically moved between a stowed and an operating position, and as above indicated, the stowed position could be beneath the floor.
- the invention includes the use of a stationary shield of dimensions in a horizontal plane greater than that of a horizontal plane of the coke drum bottom outlet and the unheading apparatus and of vertical height at least about as great as the height of the coke drum bottom outlet above the switch deck floor, the shield at least substantially surrounding an area between the bottom outlet and the switch deck floor and being configured to confine discharges, including steam, water, shot coke and coke avalanches when the drum is unheaded and during the process of drilling solid coke from the drum.
- the stationary shield could be mounted permanently or semi-permanently on the switch deck floor and may have a closeable opening or openings through which workmen can pass.
- the essence of the invention is a containment system around the lower portion of a coke drum to protect workmen from escaping steam, water, shot coke or coke avalanches when the drum lower opening is unheaded and also, optionally, during the process of drilling coke from the drum.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/169,127 US6039844A (en) | 1998-10-09 | 1998-10-09 | Containment system for coke drums |
PCT/US1999/019784 WO2000022066A1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 1999-08-25 | A containment system for coke drums |
HU0103461A HU222484B1 (hu) | 1998-10-09 | 1999-08-25 | Fokozott biztonságú kokszolótorony, valamint védőberendezés és biztonságfokozó rendszer alsó ürítőnyílású kokszolótornyokhoz |
KR1020017004313A KR100627507B1 (ko) | 1998-10-09 | 1999-08-25 | 코크스 드럼의 격리 시스템 |
EP99945299A EP1129152A1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 1999-08-25 | A containment system for coke drums |
JP2000575962A JP4418111B2 (ja) | 1998-10-09 | 1999-08-25 | コークスドラムのための閉じ込め装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/169,127 US6039844A (en) | 1998-10-09 | 1998-10-09 | Containment system for coke drums |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6039844A true US6039844A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
Family
ID=22614357
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/169,127 Expired - Lifetime US6039844A (en) | 1998-10-09 | 1998-10-09 | Containment system for coke drums |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6039844A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1129152A1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4418111B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100627507B1 (ko) |
HU (1) | HU222484B1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2000022066A1 (ko) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6206059B1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2001-03-27 | Guy Maakad | Skirt lifting apparatus and method |
US6264797B1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-07-24 | Hahn & Clay | Method for improving longevity of equipment for opening large, high temperature containers |
WO2002093044A2 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-11-21 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Modular pressure vessel unheading and containment system |
US20020170814A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2002-11-21 | Lah Ruben F. | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US6565714B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2003-05-20 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US20030127314A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-10 | Bell Robert V. | Safe and automatic method for removal of coke from a coke vessel |
US20040045803A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-03-11 | Lah Ruben F. | Coke drum bottom throttling valve and system |
US20040065537A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-04-08 | Lah Ruben F. | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US20040154913A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-08-12 | Lah Ruben F. | Valve system and method for unheading a coke drum |
US20040200715A1 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-14 | Lah Ruben F. | Dynamic flange seal and sealing system |
US20040238408A1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-12-02 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Coke drum discharge system |
US20060076225A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2006-04-13 | Lah Ruben F | Systems and methods for providing continuous containment of delayed coker unit operations |
US20060081456A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2006-04-20 | Lah Ruben F | Remotely controlled decoking tool used in coke cutting operations |
US20070034496A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2007-02-15 | Lah Ruben F | Delayed coker isolation valve systems |
US20070038393A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | Frederic Borah | Vibration monitoring |
US20070215518A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2007-09-20 | Lah Ruben F | Systems and Methods for Remotely Determining and Changing Cutting Modes During Decoking |
US20070251576A1 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2007-11-01 | Lah Ruben F | Valve Body and Condensate Holding Tank Flushing Systems and Methods |
US20070261949A1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2007-11-15 | Oder John W | Valve Installation Apparatus and Methods |
US20070274808A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2007-11-29 | Fluor Corporation | Vessel Closures and Methods Therefor |
US20080014032A1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2008-01-17 | Thomas Rillmann | Conveyor Device Having a Filling Device for Vertical Flow of Material, Without Demixing, of Powdered Media |
US7534326B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2009-05-19 | Conocophillipcs Company | Coke drum bottom unheading system |
US20090183980A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-23 | Lah Ruben F | Coke Drum Skirt |
US20090200152A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2009-08-13 | Lah Ruben F | Remotely Controlled Decoking Tool Used in Coke Cutting Operations |
US20090214394A1 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2009-08-27 | Lah Ruben F | Center feed system |
US20090236212A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-09-24 | Lah Ruben F | Linked coke drum support |
US20100252409A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-10-07 | Lah Ruben F | Center Feed System |
US7819009B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2010-10-26 | Frederic Borah | Vibration Monitoring System |
US20110083747A1 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2011-04-14 | Christopher Orino | Non-Rising Electric Actuated Valve Operator |
US8123197B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2012-02-28 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Ethylene production isolation valve systems |
US8459608B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2013-06-11 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Seat and valve systems for use in delayed coker system |
CN112300816A (zh) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-02 | 恒华源化工设备(武汉)有限公司 | 一种单孔炭化室智能稳压控制装置 |
Citations (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1065081A (en) * | 1912-06-01 | 1913-06-17 | Berlin Anhaltische Maschb Aktien Ges | Apparatus for quenching coke. |
US3576263A (en) * | 1968-03-05 | 1971-04-27 | Still Fa Carl | Extensible coal bunker construction |
US3611787A (en) * | 1969-06-11 | 1971-10-12 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Apparatus for minimizing thermal gradient in test specimens |
US3780888A (en) * | 1970-10-22 | 1973-12-25 | Koppers Gmbh Heinrich | Material transfer apparatus for a rotary drum |
US3917516A (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1975-11-04 | Linde Ag | Coke-cooling apparatus |
US3936358A (en) * | 1974-10-17 | 1976-02-03 | Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited | Method of controlling the feed rate of quench water to a coking drum in response to the internal pressure therein |
US3958700A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-05-25 | Simon-Carves Limited | Charging machines |
US4135986A (en) * | 1977-04-07 | 1979-01-23 | Koppers Company, Inc. | One-spot rotary coke quenching car |
US4282068A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1981-08-04 | Didier Engineering Gmbh | Apparatus for the transfer and quenching of coke |
US4284478A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1981-08-18 | Didier Engineering Gmbh | Apparatus for quenching hot coke |
US4285772A (en) * | 1979-02-06 | 1981-08-25 | Kress Edward S | Method and apparatus for handlng and dry quenching coke |
US4289585A (en) * | 1979-04-14 | 1981-09-15 | Didier Engineering Gmbh | Method and apparatus for the wet quenching of coke |
US4294663A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1981-10-13 | Munters Corporation | Method for operating a coke quench tower scrubber system |
US4312711A (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1982-01-26 | Norcros Investments Limited | Fluid cooled quenching cars |
US4344822A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1982-08-17 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | One-spot car coke quenching method |
US4358343A (en) * | 1979-07-20 | 1982-11-09 | Hartung, Kuhn & Co. Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for quenching coke |
US4396461A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1983-08-02 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | One-spot car coke quenching process |
US4409067A (en) * | 1982-05-05 | 1983-10-11 | Peabody Coal Company | Quenching method and apparatus |
US4437936A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1984-03-20 | Hartung, Kuhn & Co. Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Process for utilizing waste heat and for obtaining water gas during the cooling of incandescent coke |
US4469557A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-09-04 | Peabody Development Company | Process for calcining and carbonizing petroleum coke |
US4512850A (en) * | 1980-12-24 | 1985-04-23 | Ruhrkohle Aktiengesellschaft | Process for wet quenching of coal-coke |
US4557804A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-12-10 | Triten Corporation | Coke cooler |
US4588479A (en) * | 1981-04-16 | 1986-05-13 | Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. K.G. | Device for cooling incandescent coke |
US4614567A (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1986-09-30 | Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for selective after-quenching of coke on a coke bench |
US4634500A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-01-06 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Method of quenching heated coke to limit coke drum stress |
US4644750A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1987-02-24 | Energy Soft Computer Systems Limited | Heat recovery systems |
US4726465A (en) * | 1985-06-15 | 1988-02-23 | Fa.Dr.C.Otto & Comp. Gmbh | Coke quenching car |
US4743342A (en) * | 1985-03-23 | 1988-05-10 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Coke quenching apparatus |
US4747913A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-31 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Cooling apparatus for granular coke material |
US4772360A (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1988-09-20 | Mannesmann Ag | Thin wall coke quenching container |
US4802573A (en) * | 1986-02-08 | 1989-02-07 | Heinz Holter | Process for wet quenching of coke |
US4832795A (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1989-05-23 | Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg | Coke dry cooling chamber |
US4886580A (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1989-12-12 | Kress Corporation | Dry quenching coke box |
US4988411A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1991-01-29 | Harting, Kuhn & Co. Naschinenfabrik Gmbh | Filling car for a coke oven battery |
US4997527A (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1991-03-05 | Kress Corporation | Coke handling and dry quenching method |
US5024730A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1991-06-18 | Texaco Inc. | Control system for delayed coker |
US5098524A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1992-03-24 | Flour Corporation | Coke drum unheading device |
US5628603A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1997-05-13 | Fluor Corporation | Automated chute system |
US5697408A (en) * | 1994-04-30 | 1997-12-16 | Reeves; Leslie Neville | Filling containers |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1324973C (en) * | 1988-01-26 | 1993-12-07 | Frank A. Digiacomo | Bottom unheading device and method for vertical vessels |
US5500094A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-03-19 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Coke drum deheading device |
-
1998
- 1998-10-09 US US09/169,127 patent/US6039844A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-08-25 EP EP99945299A patent/EP1129152A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-08-25 HU HU0103461A patent/HU222484B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-25 KR KR1020017004313A patent/KR100627507B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-25 JP JP2000575962A patent/JP4418111B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-25 WO PCT/US1999/019784 patent/WO2000022066A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1065081A (en) * | 1912-06-01 | 1913-06-17 | Berlin Anhaltische Maschb Aktien Ges | Apparatus for quenching coke. |
US3576263A (en) * | 1968-03-05 | 1971-04-27 | Still Fa Carl | Extensible coal bunker construction |
US3611787A (en) * | 1969-06-11 | 1971-10-12 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Apparatus for minimizing thermal gradient in test specimens |
US3780888A (en) * | 1970-10-22 | 1973-12-25 | Koppers Gmbh Heinrich | Material transfer apparatus for a rotary drum |
US3917516A (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1975-11-04 | Linde Ag | Coke-cooling apparatus |
US3958700A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-05-25 | Simon-Carves Limited | Charging machines |
US3936358A (en) * | 1974-10-17 | 1976-02-03 | Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited | Method of controlling the feed rate of quench water to a coking drum in response to the internal pressure therein |
US4135986A (en) * | 1977-04-07 | 1979-01-23 | Koppers Company, Inc. | One-spot rotary coke quenching car |
US4147594A (en) * | 1977-04-07 | 1979-04-03 | Koppers Company, Inc. | One-spot cylindrical coke quenching car and quenching method |
US4284478A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1981-08-18 | Didier Engineering Gmbh | Apparatus for quenching hot coke |
US4312711A (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1982-01-26 | Norcros Investments Limited | Fluid cooled quenching cars |
US4282068A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1981-08-04 | Didier Engineering Gmbh | Apparatus for the transfer and quenching of coke |
US4285772A (en) * | 1979-02-06 | 1981-08-25 | Kress Edward S | Method and apparatus for handlng and dry quenching coke |
US4289585A (en) * | 1979-04-14 | 1981-09-15 | Didier Engineering Gmbh | Method and apparatus for the wet quenching of coke |
US4358343A (en) * | 1979-07-20 | 1982-11-09 | Hartung, Kuhn & Co. Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for quenching coke |
US4344822A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1982-08-17 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | One-spot car coke quenching method |
US4396461A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1983-08-02 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | One-spot car coke quenching process |
US4294663A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1981-10-13 | Munters Corporation | Method for operating a coke quench tower scrubber system |
US4512850A (en) * | 1980-12-24 | 1985-04-23 | Ruhrkohle Aktiengesellschaft | Process for wet quenching of coal-coke |
US4437936A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1984-03-20 | Hartung, Kuhn & Co. Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Process for utilizing waste heat and for obtaining water gas during the cooling of incandescent coke |
US4588479A (en) * | 1981-04-16 | 1986-05-13 | Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. K.G. | Device for cooling incandescent coke |
US4409067A (en) * | 1982-05-05 | 1983-10-11 | Peabody Coal Company | Quenching method and apparatus |
US4469557A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1984-09-04 | Peabody Development Company | Process for calcining and carbonizing petroleum coke |
US4614567A (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1986-09-30 | Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for selective after-quenching of coke on a coke bench |
US4557804A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-12-10 | Triten Corporation | Coke cooler |
US4644750A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1987-02-24 | Energy Soft Computer Systems Limited | Heat recovery systems |
US4743342A (en) * | 1985-03-23 | 1988-05-10 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Coke quenching apparatus |
US4726465A (en) * | 1985-06-15 | 1988-02-23 | Fa.Dr.C.Otto & Comp. Gmbh | Coke quenching car |
US4634500A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-01-06 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Method of quenching heated coke to limit coke drum stress |
US4832795A (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1989-05-23 | Firma Carl Still Gmbh & Co. Kg | Coke dry cooling chamber |
US4802573A (en) * | 1986-02-08 | 1989-02-07 | Heinz Holter | Process for wet quenching of coke |
US4772360A (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1988-09-20 | Mannesmann Ag | Thin wall coke quenching container |
US4747913A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-31 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Cooling apparatus for granular coke material |
US4886580A (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1989-12-12 | Kress Corporation | Dry quenching coke box |
US4997527A (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1991-03-05 | Kress Corporation | Coke handling and dry quenching method |
US5098524A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1992-03-24 | Flour Corporation | Coke drum unheading device |
US4988411A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1991-01-29 | Harting, Kuhn & Co. Naschinenfabrik Gmbh | Filling car for a coke oven battery |
US5024730A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1991-06-18 | Texaco Inc. | Control system for delayed coker |
US5697408A (en) * | 1994-04-30 | 1997-12-16 | Reeves; Leslie Neville | Filling containers |
US5628603A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1997-05-13 | Fluor Corporation | Automated chute system |
Cited By (70)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6206059B1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2001-03-27 | Guy Maakad | Skirt lifting apparatus and method |
US6264797B1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-07-24 | Hahn & Clay | Method for improving longevity of equipment for opening large, high temperature containers |
US8512525B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2013-08-20 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Valve system and method for unheading a coke drum |
US20020170814A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2002-11-21 | Lah Ruben F. | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US20050194245A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2005-09-08 | Lah Ruben F. | Valve system and method for unheading a coke drum |
US6964727B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2005-11-15 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US7578907B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2009-08-25 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Valve system for unheading a coke drum |
US6660131B2 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2003-12-09 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US7632381B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2009-12-15 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Systems for providing continuous containment of delayed coker unit operations |
US8123197B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2012-02-28 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Ethylene production isolation valve systems |
US20040065537A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-04-08 | Lah Ruben F. | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US20050279621A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2005-12-22 | Lah Ruben F | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US20040154913A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-08-12 | Lah Ruben F. | Valve system and method for unheading a coke drum |
US8282074B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2012-10-09 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Delayed coker isolation valve systems |
US20070084714A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2007-04-19 | Lah Ruben F | Valve system and method for unheading a coke drum |
US20070034496A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2007-02-15 | Lah Ruben F | Delayed coker isolation valve systems |
US8679299B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2014-03-25 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US20060076225A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2006-04-13 | Lah Ruben F | Systems and methods for providing continuous containment of delayed coker unit operations |
US6989081B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2006-01-24 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Valve system and method for unheading a coke drum |
US6565714B2 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2003-05-20 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Coke drum bottom de-heading system |
US6751852B2 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2004-06-22 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Modular pressure vessel unheading and containment system |
WO2002093044A2 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-11-21 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Modular pressure vessel unheading and containment system |
WO2002093044A3 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2003-03-13 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Modular pressure vessel unheading and containment system |
US20070274808A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2007-11-29 | Fluor Corporation | Vessel Closures and Methods Therefor |
US20040238408A1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-12-02 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Coke drum discharge system |
US7438786B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2008-10-21 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Coke drum discharge system |
US20030127314A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-10 | Bell Robert V. | Safe and automatic method for removal of coke from a coke vessel |
WO2003104353A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-12-18 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Safe and automatic method for removal of coke from a coke vessel |
US7459063B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2008-12-02 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Systems and methods for deheading a coke drum |
US7399384B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2008-07-15 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Coke drum bottom throttling valve and system |
US20040045803A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-03-11 | Lah Ruben F. | Coke drum bottom throttling valve and system |
US6843889B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2005-01-18 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Coke drum bottom throttling valve and system |
US20060175188A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2006-08-10 | Lah Ruben F | Coke drum bottom throttling valve and system |
US7033460B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2006-04-25 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corportaion | Coke drum bottom throttling valve and system |
US20050034969A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2005-02-17 | Lah Ruben F. | Coke drum bottom throttling valve and system |
US20050092592A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2005-05-05 | Lah Ruben F. | Systems and methods for deheading a coke drum |
US8702911B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2014-04-22 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Center feed system |
US20090214394A1 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2009-08-27 | Lah Ruben F | Center feed system |
US20080143059A1 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2008-06-19 | Lah Ruben F | Dynamic Flange Seal and Sealing System |
US7316762B2 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2008-01-08 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Dynamic flange seal and sealing system |
US7530574B2 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2009-05-12 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Dynamic flange seal and sealing system |
US7682490B2 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2010-03-23 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Dynamic flange seal and sealing system |
US20040200715A1 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-14 | Lah Ruben F. | Dynamic flange seal and sealing system |
US7690494B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2010-04-06 | Hexal Ag | Conveyor device having a filling device for vertical flow of material, without demixing, of powdered media |
US20080014032A1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2008-01-17 | Thomas Rillmann | Conveyor Device Having a Filling Device for Vertical Flow of Material, Without Demixing, of Powdered Media |
US7799177B2 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2010-09-21 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Valve installation apparatus and methods |
US20070261949A1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2007-11-15 | Oder John W | Valve Installation Apparatus and Methods |
US7473337B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2009-01-06 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Remotely controlled decoking tool used in coke cutting operations |
US20070215518A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2007-09-20 | Lah Ruben F | Systems and Methods for Remotely Determining and Changing Cutting Modes During Decoking |
US20090200152A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2009-08-13 | Lah Ruben F | Remotely Controlled Decoking Tool Used in Coke Cutting Operations |
US20060081456A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2006-04-20 | Lah Ruben F | Remotely controlled decoking tool used in coke cutting operations |
US8197644B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2012-06-12 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Remotely controlled decoking tool used in coke cutting operations |
US7820014B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2010-10-26 | Lah Ruben F | Systems and methods for remotely determining and changing cutting modes during decoking |
US8679298B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2014-03-25 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Remotely controlled decoking tool used in coke cutting operations |
US7534326B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2009-05-19 | Conocophillipcs Company | Coke drum bottom unheading system |
US20070038393A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | Frederic Borah | Vibration monitoring |
US7819009B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2010-10-26 | Frederic Borah | Vibration Monitoring System |
US7931044B2 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2011-04-26 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Valve body and condensate holding tank flushing systems and methods |
US20070251576A1 (en) * | 2006-03-09 | 2007-11-01 | Lah Ruben F | Valve Body and Condensate Holding Tank Flushing Systems and Methods |
US20090236212A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-09-24 | Lah Ruben F | Linked coke drum support |
US8440057B2 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2013-05-14 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Linked coke drum support |
US7871500B2 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2011-01-18 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Coke drum skirt |
US20090183980A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-23 | Lah Ruben F | Coke Drum Skirt |
US8545680B2 (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2013-10-01 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Center feed system |
US20100252409A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-10-07 | Lah Ruben F | Center Feed System |
US20110083747A1 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2011-04-14 | Christopher Orino | Non-Rising Electric Actuated Valve Operator |
US8851451B2 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2014-10-07 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Non-rising electric actuated valve operator |
US8459608B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2013-06-11 | Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation | Seat and valve systems for use in delayed coker system |
CN112300816A (zh) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-02 | 恒华源化工设备(武汉)有限公司 | 一种单孔炭化室智能稳压控制装置 |
CN112300816B (zh) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-03-01 | 恒华源化工设备(武汉)有限公司 | 一种单孔炭化室智能稳压控制装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1129152A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
HUP0103461A3 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
HUP0103461A2 (hu) | 2002-01-28 |
KR20010099672A (ko) | 2001-11-09 |
JP2002527571A (ja) | 2002-08-27 |
WO2000022066A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
KR100627507B1 (ko) | 2006-09-22 |
JP4418111B2 (ja) | 2010-02-17 |
HU222484B1 (hu) | 2003-07-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6039844A (en) | Containment system for coke drums | |
US7037408B2 (en) | Safe and automatic method for preparation of coke for removal from a coke vessel | |
US20030127314A1 (en) | Safe and automatic method for removal of coke from a coke vessel | |
RU2434046C2 (ru) | Клапан и система дросселирования нижней крышки коксового барабана | |
US6751852B2 (en) | Modular pressure vessel unheading and containment system | |
US6264797B1 (en) | Method for improving longevity of equipment for opening large, high temperature containers | |
JP4372841B2 (ja) | コーキング容器のヘッドを外す装置および支持構造 | |
US5628603A (en) | Automated chute system | |
US6254733B1 (en) | Automatic cover removal system | |
WO1996017038A9 (en) | Automated chute system | |
US5336375A (en) | Delayed coker drumhead handling apparatus | |
US7513977B2 (en) | Coke drum automated drill stem guide and cover system | |
US2144109A (en) | Coke chamber | |
EP0353023A1 (en) | Coke drum unheading device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION, OKLAHOMA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MALIK, TARIQ;REEL/FRAME:009519/0355 Effective date: 19981008 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
SULP | Surcharge for late payment | ||
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
SULP | Surcharge for late payment |
Year of fee payment: 11 |