US595410A

US595410A - Electric motor

Info

Publication number: US595410A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1897-12-14
Anticipated expiration: 1914-12-14

Description

(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 1 E. D. PRIEST.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 595,410. Patented Dec. 14, 1897.

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B. D. PRIEST. ELEGTRIU MOTOR. N0. 595, i1O. A Patented D ec.14.1897.

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B. D. PRIEST.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

Patented Dec. 14,1897.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. E. D. BRIEST. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

Patented'Dec. 14,1897.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'EDIVARD D. PRIEST, OF SOI'IENEOTADY, NEl/V YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF NE\V YORK.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,410, dated December 14, 1897.

Application filed April 13, 1897. Serial No. 631,914. (No model.)

1'0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD D. PRIEST, a citizen of the United States, residing at Sch enectady, in the county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Motors, (Case No. 541,) of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to electric motors, and more particularly to those employed for propelling vehicles upon electric railways. Its obj ectis to provide an electric railway-motor of increased capacity without increasing its over-all dimensions.

The field-magnet frame is cast in a single piece and provided with removable frameheads, in which the armattire-bearings are supported, the frame-heads also constituting the ends of the motor. ported from the inner faces of the heads and extend inward under the overhanging ends of the armaturewinding and commutator-shell, so that the motor presents a smooth exterior appearance. By this arrangement the motorframe can occupy all of the available space on the car-truck without providing for the bearing extensions employed on other motors with which I am familiar.

In the accompanying drawings, attached to and made a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side view of a motor embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and at are detail views showing the construction of the laminated pole-pieces. Fig. 5 is a cross-section showing the arrangement of brush-holders. Fig. 6 is a sectional View showing the construction of the ring which supports the brush holder studs. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the means employed in removing the armature from the motor, and Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a field-spool support.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the field-magnet A is shown as cast in one piece, with short rearwardly-extending lugs A forming a part of the axle-bearings. Removable caps A are provided for the bearings, and formed integral therewith are boxes A in which are placed oil and waste for lubrieating the axle B.

The bearings are sup- At the front end of the motor is a trunnion O, which supports the motor by engaging with a cross-bar of the truck. Any other of the well-kn own means may ,however, be employed instead of the trunnion.

The motor has four poles, each provided with a coil D, which is surrounded bya castmetal spool D, protecting it from injury. Heretofore it has been customary to divide the field-frame of electric railway-m otors into two parts, either on a line through the centers of the armature an d axle or on a diagonal. With a motor having four wound poles and divided on the center line it is necessary to place the coils at an angle of forty-five degrees with the line of division, which necessitates increasing the distance from the center of the armature to the under side of the motor to allow for the adjacent lower ends of the coils. It also necessitates increasing the length of the motor for the same reason. \Vhen the motor is split on a diagonal and the coils are carried on the upper and lower parts, there are certain me chanical reasons which make it objectionable, mainly on account of the increased cost of machine-work and the arrangement of the bearings. By casting the field-magnet in one piece I dispense with the joint between the parts, which increases the efliciency of the motor by providing a better path for the lines of force, and at the same time the machining is decreased. Preferably laminated polepieces E are employed similar to those shown in Figs. 3 and a. The pole-pieces consist of a number of counterpart punchings assembled and secured together by rivets E and then bolted to the field-magnet by bolts The inner edge of each punching is cut 011 two radii, one half being concentric with the armature and the otherhalf gradually receding therefrom as the end is approached. I11 assembling, the punchings are alternated, the non-concentric ends of certain punchings lying between the concentric ends of adjacent punchings. The object of this arrangement is to produce a stiff field, so that a distinct line of commutation will be preserved, in a manner described and claimed in Patent No. 563,911, granted July 14, 1896, to T. Cooper, and by gradually increasing the distance bebrasses F tween the armature and point e a gradual stiffening of the field is produced from the center of the pole-piece in both directions.

In assembling the parts of the motor the field-coils D, which have been separately wound and insulated, are placed in their respective positions and secured by means of the shoulders formed on the laminated pole-pieces, the pole-pieces being secured by bolts E.

In Fig. 8 is shown a slight modification of the support for the field-coils. This consists ofa sheet-metal punching d,havingupwardlyextending pieces d, which protect the inner surface of the field-coil D (shown in dotted lines) from injury. \Vhen punched, the pieces d are in the same plane with the main body d of the support and are formed by diagonal cuts which extend from the corners toward the center. These pieces are then bent backward, and the shoulders thus formed on two of the sides rest upon the shoulders formed 011 the removable pole-pieces E and support the coil. By this construction a very cheap strong support is obtained.

The field-magnet is provided with circular removable frame-heads F and F, forming bearings for the armature-shaft G which are mounted in shoulders formed 011 the frame and are secured thereto by bolts L. The heads of the bolts are partially surrounded by lugs L, and extending through the lugs and bolt-heads are cotter-pins L preventing the bolts from turning. In addition to supporting the bearings the heads form the ends of the motor and form with the field-magnet casting a complete]y-inelosed structure. By making the heads circular thecost of 111 achining is reduced to a minimum. The heads are similar in construction, varying only in slight detail. The head F on the gear end is made greater in diameter than the head F to facilitate the insertion of the field-coils and the armature. The head F is provided with a projection F extending inwardly under the coil-support I, and forms a support for the The inner end of the projecting head is provided with a curved flange Ffiwhich acts as a receptacle for oil received from the oil-thrower I and prevents it from working outward. If, however, the oil works past this flange and along the under surface of the coil-support until it reaches the flange or oilthrower 1 it will be conveyed into the receptacle F which in turn communicates with the receptacle F on the outside of the motor. A sheet-iron cover F is provided which forms one side of an inclosing chamber F in which are placed oil and waste for lubricating the armature-shaft. In addition to the cover F the head F on the commutator end is provided with a cover F for protecting the end of the armature-shaft from dust. The cover is provided with a depression in which is mounted a spring f, engaging with the head of the screw-threaded stud f.

The armature G is provided with a body G seaeio of laminze mounted upon a sleeve G which is secured to armature-shaft G. The gear end of the sleeve is provided with a flange G, and between it and the head J are clamped the laminae. The flange is provided with an extension I, which forms a support for the overhanging ends of the armature-conductors. Formed integral with the coil-support is an oil-thrower 1 which protects the armature-winding from oil from the bearing. A second oil-thrower I is also formed integral with the sleeve and throws oil. into the receptacle formed by the flange F of the bearing. The armature-head J is secured in place by nut J, and in addition to clamping the lamime it serves as a support for the overhanging ends of the armature-conductors.

The commutator is provided with a shell K, which is rigidly secured to the shaft G". Formed integral with the shell is a beveled clamping device K, and between this and the adjustable clamp I are the commutatorsegments. Cast integral with the shell is an outwardly-flaring flange K acting as an oilthrower and conveying any oil which may escape from the bearing into the receptacle F.

Situated above and below the commutator are covers M and M, the cover M being held in position by means of a suitable clamp M and being removed when it is desired to inspect the commutator and brushes. The cover M is secured to the magnet-frame by bolts and is removed when it is desired to clean the motor or inspect the lower lleldcoil.

In Figs. 5 and 6 I have shown a slight modification of my invention, in which the fieldmagnet frame is substantially a cube and ten r brush-holders are employed instead of two, as with the usual construction. The framehead F is circular and mounted in a shoulder formed on the field-magnet A and is secured thereto by bolts L. The bearing and commutator being the same as described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2 further description is unnecessary. Bolted to the inside of the framehead are pieces N, forming supports for the grooved ring 0. This ring is supported in such manner that it can be rotated when it is desired to inspect the brushes, but is normally held in the position shown by the locking device I. As an additional support the ring is provided with a square shoulder which engages with projection F on the frame-head.

The brush holders are carried by the grooved ring, and each is provided with an elliptical stud Q, of metal, which is surrounded with a layer of mica or other insulating material Q and a metal sleeve Q Formed integral with the stud Q is a plate Q3, which is secured to the grooved ring by means of bolts Q, slots Q, being provided in the plate to permit adjusting.

The brush-holder proper consists of a rectangular boX or socket It, having rearwardlyprojecting lugs B, through which the stud Q supports U U at its outer ends.

extends. In practice I have found that it is preferable to shrink the box or socket upon the elliptical stud, thereby simplifying the construction and decreasing the cost of manufacture. A lug R is also provided, and to this is secured the armature lead. Upon the lug R is formed a stud R having split ends in which are mounted a pair of spiral springs R the springs keeping the brushes in contact with the commutator. The outer end of each spring is provided with a handle R employed in raising the spring to renew the car bon brush. To increase the conductivity between the brush and socket, a flexible metal strip R is secured to the socket by screw 1'' and to the brush by a spring-clip R This being a four-pole machine the top and bottom brushes are cross-connected by a cable S and the two side brushes by cable S.

To inspect the brushes and holders, the cover M is removed from the opening at the top of the motor. The locking device P is raised. The grooved ring 0 can then be rotated by hand, bringing the different brushes to the top. By this construction it will be seen that all of the brushes may be inspected and the armature removed without disturbin g the brushho lders.

Referring to Fig. 7, the means for removing the armature will be described. By any suitable means the motor is lowered into the pit below the vehicle or other suitable place and is placed upon the truck. T. The truck consists of abase T, provided with wheels permitting it to travel to and fro on tracks T The tracks are mounted upon a suitable base, which is provided with vertically-extending In the support U is mounted a center U corresponding to the dead-center in a lathe, and in the support U is mounted an adjustable center U provided with a hand-wheel and a locking device U The locking device consists of a pivoted arm engaging with notches U in the hub of the hand-wheel.

To remove the armature, the motor is placed upon the truck T, the latter being moved to the left-hand side of the base, and the center U is adjusted so that the armature is supported between it and the center U in the same manner as in a lathe. The bolts L are then removed from the frame-head F and the field-magnet moved to the right to the position shown. The armature is now in a position to be examined, or it maybe removed bysuitable m cans to a more convenient place. In some instances it is desirable to remove the pinion V and the frame-head F from the machine before removing the armature, but ordinarily the arrangement shown would be employed.

By arranging the armature-bearin gs so that they are substantially within the field-magnet frame and under the overhanging ends of the armature-winding and commutator-shell I am enabled to use a much larger motor on a standard truck than heretofore, the fieldmagnet being made of such size that it occupies the entire space on the truck instead of allowing for projecting bearings as commonly employed.

I have shown and described my invention in connection with a railway-motor, for it has its greatest utility in connection therewith; but it is evident that certain of the features of the invention can be used with other kinds of motors and generators.

lVhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In an electric railway-motor, the combination of a field-magnet frame, a bearing for maintaining the field-magnet in alinement with the car-axle, a separate frame-head at one end of the motor, said field-magnet and head forming an inclosed structure protecting the armature and commutator, and armature-bearings extending under the projectin g parts of the armature.

2. In an electric motor, the combination of an iron-clad fieldqnagnet frame inclosing the armature and commutator; with an armature having a winding of the barrel form with ends projecting beyond the body of lamina: and supports for the projecting ends of the Winding, and an inwardly-projecting armature-bearing on the gear end of the motorbeneath the adjacent winding-support, as set forth.

3. In an electric motor, the combination of a field-magnet frame, an armature having a winding with an overhanging end, a coil-support for the overhanging end of the winding, a commutator having an outwardly-flaring shell, and armature-bearings projecting under the coil-support and commutator-shell.

4. In an armature, the combination of a body of laminae, a sleeve to which the laminze are secured, a shaft rotating with the sleeve, and an oil thrower or throwers formed integral with the sleeve.

5. In a commutator for a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a shell which is rigidly secured to a moving part of the machine, a clamping device formed integral therewith, an adjustable clamp, and an outwardly-flaring flange 011 the shell acting as an oil-thrower.

6. In an electric motor, the combination of a field-magnet frame cast in one piece and supported by suitable bearings upon the caraxle, an armature, circular removable frameheads, armaturebearings mounted therein, and a receptacle or chamber on the framehead adapted to receive the oil which works outward from the bearing.

'7. In an electric motor, the combination of a field-magnet frame cast in one piece, a sleeve upon which the armature-laminae are supported, a shaft rigidly connected to the sleeve, a flange formed on the sleeve against which the lamina; abut, a coil-support formed integral with the sleeve, an oil-thrower also formed on the sleeve, and a removable framehead provided with a bearing which projects under the end of the sleeve and coil-support.

8. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a cast field-magnet, and laminated removable pole-tips secured thereto,the laminae consisting of counterpart punchings each having one half of its face concentric with the armature and the other half curved 011 a larger radius toward the pole-tip.

9. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a cast field-magnet, laminated removable pole-pieces bolted thereto, the laminze consisting of counterpart punchin gs each having one half of its face concentric with the armature, and the other half describing an arc of a circle which is non-concentric with the armature, the laminae being assembled so that non-concentric ends of certain laminae are between the concentric ends of adjacent laminze.

10. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of an inclosing field-magnet, an armature, removable frame-heads inclosing the end of the motor, projections upon the heads forming supports for the armature-bearings, a ring mounted for rotary movement upon one of the heads, and brush-holders carried by the ring.

11. Inadynamo-electric machine, the combination of an inclosing field-magnet frame, an armature, removable frame-heads forming supports for the armature-bearings, a ring mounted for rotary movement upon one of the heads, elliptical brush-holder studs secured to the ring, and surrounded by insulation, and brush-sockets shrunk upon the studs.

12. In a brush-holder, the combination of an elliptical stud, a support therefor, a brushsocket, a lug thereon for securing the socket to the stud, spiral springs engaging with the brushes mounted in the sockets, and a stud to which the springs are secured.

13. In a device for removing armatures from motors, the combination of a base, tracks upon the base, a motor-carriage adapted to travel on the tracks, standards secured to the base, a fixed center mounted in one of the standards and adapted to extend through the motor when the armature is removed, and

an adjustable center mounted in the other standard, the arrangement of centers being such that the motor-armature is supported between them when the motor-frame is moved in a direction to uncover the armature.

14. In a dynamo-electric machine having a removable pole-piece, the combination of an energizing-coil and a support therefor consisting of a sheet-metal punching having upwardlyextending pieces formed integral therewith, the pieces protecting the inner portion of the coil from the pole and the main body of the punching the bottom of the coil.

15. An electric motor having an iron-clad field-magnet frame, an armature and commutator having overhanging surfaces at opposite sides of the motor, and bearings for the armature-shaft extending inward and underneath the overhanging portions of the armature and commutator, whereby space in the direction of the armature-shaft is economized, as set forth.

16. In an electric motor of the iron-clad type, the combination of an armature having an overhanging end projecting from the core, a field-magnet, and a bearing for the armature-shaft extending inward and underneath said overhanging end of the armature.

17. In an electric railway-motor, the combination of a field-magnet, bearings for maintaining it in alinement with the car-axle, separate frame-heads at the ends of the motor, armature-bearings extending under the projecting parts of the armature, and separated therefrom by a space, and an oil conveyer or thrower located between the bearings and the armature.

18. In a brush-holder, the combination of a metal stud, a layer of insulation surrounding the stud, a metal sleeve surrounding the insulation, a brush box shrunk upon the stud, and a spring for applying pressure to the brush.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 9th day of April, 1897.

EDIVARD D. PRIEST.

Witnesses:

B. B. HULL, M. H. EMERSON.