US5917986A - Large-area fiber optic display using piezoelectric shutters - Google Patents

Large-area fiber optic display using piezoelectric shutters Download PDF

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Publication number
US5917986A
US5917986A US08/869,364 US86936497A US5917986A US 5917986 A US5917986 A US 5917986A US 86936497 A US86936497 A US 86936497A US 5917986 A US5917986 A US 5917986A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bimorphs
shutters
fiber optic
disposed
piezoelectric
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US08/869,364
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Vanderreydt
Alistair Allen Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CENTRAL LIGHTING Co
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Remote Source Lighting International Malaysia Sdn Bhd
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Priority to BE9600509A priority Critical patent/BE1010327A7/fr
Application filed by Remote Source Lighting International Malaysia Sdn Bhd filed Critical Remote Source Lighting International Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Priority to US08/869,364 priority patent/US5917986A/en
Priority to PCT/US1997/009737 priority patent/WO1997046994A1/en
Assigned to CONSOLIDATED EDISON SOLUTIONS, INC. reassignment CONSOLIDATED EDISON SOLUTIONS, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: REMOTE SOURCE LIGHTING INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Priority to NO985688A priority patent/NO985688L/no
Publication of US5917986A publication Critical patent/US5917986A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to KIMCO SERVICES, INC. reassignment KIMCO SERVICES, INC. JUDGMENT LIEN Assignors: REMOTE SOURCE LIGHTING INTERNATIONAL
Assigned to RSLI ACQUISITION, INC. reassignment RSLI ACQUISITION, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: REMOTE SOURCE LIGHTING INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Assigned to JAMES MARCUS DCI MASTER LDC DAVID SKRILOFF, ANASAZI PARTNERS III LLC, BAKER, CHRISTOPHER P., MW CROW FAMILY LP, ANASAZI PARTNERS III OFFSHORE, LTD., PLATINUM LONG TERM GROWTH I LLC, DKR SOUNDSHORE OASIS HOLDING FUND LTD., CRIVELLI, JOSEPH X., CRESTVIEW CAPITAL MASTER LLC, OMICRON MASTER TRUST, DCI MASTER LDC, ALPHA CAPITAL AG, LINDENBURG & LINDENBURG, IROQUOIS MASTER FUND LTD., PROFESSIONAL TRADERS FUND, LLC, BERMAN, RONALD MARK reassignment JAMES MARCUS DCI MASTER LDC DAVID SKRILOFF SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CENTRAL LIGHTING COMPANY
Assigned to REMOTE SOURCE LIGHTING INTERNATIONAL, INC. reassignment REMOTE SOURCE LIGHTING INTERNATIONAL, INC. RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Assignors: CONSOLIDATED EDISON SOLUTIONS, INC.
Assigned to THE CENTRAL LIGHTING COMPANY reassignment THE CENTRAL LIGHTING COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: REMOTE SOURCE LIGHTING INTERNATIONAL, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/305—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being the ends of optical fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of light shutters for switching light from the end of optical fibers, and more particularly to the use of piezoelectric bimorphs as light shutters for display screen applications.
  • Such displays are of the type known as secondary emission displays, wherein the light emerges from such sources as cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and television type screens.
  • CTRs cathode ray tubes
  • the problem with such displays is that the phosphor light emission from them is limited in intensity, and they therefore typically suffer from low contrast and poor visibility during high ambient lighting conditions.
  • bimorph light modulators at least in theory, is known as a means of overcoming some of the aforementioned problems with conventional large-area displays.
  • Such systems are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,844,577 and 5,052,777, both of which were at issue assigned to Sportsoft Systems, Inc. of Burnaby, Canada.
  • the advantage of such systems is that a display using bimorphs is not limited in the intensity of light at each pixel location by the physical nature of any secondary emission type material such as phosphor.
  • such a display can be made very large since the light from the source can be directed to very large numbers of pixels by optical channels such as fiber optic light guides, and there is no need for deflecting an electron beam to raster scan the entire display.
  • the present invention relates to a piezoelectric shutter arranged in a comb pattern presenting a central structure which is equipped with at least one tooth constituting the shutter, the central structure being raised, thus allowing the displacement of the shutter by the piezoelectric effect.
  • a piezoelectric shutter arranged in a comb pattern presenting a central structure which is equipped with at least one tooth constituting the shutter, the central structure being raised, thus allowing the displacement of the shutter by the piezoelectric effect.
  • the corresponding known means of the state of the art present serious drawbacks.
  • the present invention is intended to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the invention proposes at least one bimorph arranged on a support and capable of being raised with respect to the latter by the piezoelectric effect, allowing a shutter action.
  • each above-mentioned bimorph is glued to said comb support.
  • the gluing material is deposited dropwise so as to allow a capillary effect capable of exerting a displacement action.
  • the gluing material selected is a polymerizable material.
  • the gluing material is sensitive to ultraviolet radiation.
  • the radiation when the radiation is directed onto the gluing zone, it promotes the fixation by gluing of each bimorph.
  • each bimorph is folded at one of its extremities over a certain angle, preferably in the direction of the above mentioned support, though it could be folded in either direction if desired.
  • This construction ensures the direct shuttering by the bimorph itself.
  • the piezoelectric effect causes a simultaneous lifting of the bimorphs, so as to ensure the passage of the light or, on the other hand, a lowering into a rest position, ensuring the shuttering.
  • each bimorph is folded essentially at a right angle, a convenient shuttering effect is thus ensured.
  • a stop is arranged in the device that limits the lifting stroke of the bimorph to prevent vibrations that induce errors.
  • the above-mentioned stop is arranged overhanging and from the folded end of the bimorph towards its opposite end so as to prevent the portion of the above-mentioned angle from hitting the stop. In this manner, the edge of the angle of the bimorph is prevented from remaining adhered to the stop during the opening and closing of the shutter and thus causing a perturbation in the correct operation of the shutter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a piezoelectric shuttering system constructed in accordance with principles of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a piezoelectric bimorph for use as a fiber optic shutter
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of a waveform recorded at the output of a photosensor placed in front of a fiber/shutter;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, including additional details with respect to the light source;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the pixel layout of a screen module constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 7a is a side view of a single bimorph attached to a mounting insert
  • FIG. 7b is a plan view of a single bimorph attached to a mounting insert
  • FIG. 8a is a side view of a bimorph comb constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 8b is a plan view of a bimorph comb constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a front view illustrating the bump stops against which the bimorph makes contact in both the open and closed positions
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the underside of the bimorph of the invention, illustrating one embodiment where an infra-red coating is employed on the back of the shutter;
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view similar to that of FIG. 10, of the underside of the bimorph of the invention, illustrating another embodiment where infra-red reflective foil is employed on the back of the shutter;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional side view of the bimorph of the invention illustrating the bimorph in the open (on) position.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side view similar to that of FIG. 12 of the bimorph of the invention illustrating the bimorph in the closed (off) position.
  • the present invention can be applied, notably, in large-surface optical fiber display devices in which piezoelectric shutters are used according to the invention.
  • the availability of new polymer piezoelectric materials has made possible the development of high-brightness new light shutters.
  • Piezoelectric materials are well known. They are crystals like quartz or ceramics like PZT. Piezoelectricity originates from the existence of a permanent internal polarization in dielectrics. The mechanical tension modifies the dipole moments, and then an external electrical field is generated. Conversely, if an exterior electrical field is applied, the dipoles reorient themselves, and a mechanical deformation is induced.
  • piezoelectric polymers have been developed. They are available in sheets and rolls with thicknesses between 9 ⁇ m and 1 mm, and they are used in numerous applications (notably as light gates).
  • end 16 is folded at a right angle, and when the assembly is placed above an optical fiber 18 as illustrated in FIG. 1, the end will switch the light exiting from the stopped fiber and the open fiber, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph which represents a waveform recorded at the output of a photosensor placed in front of a fiber/shutter constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • the rise and fall time are shown to be in the range of 3 msec.
  • the tip deflection is 2.5 mm for an active length of 25 mm and an applied voltage of 250V.
  • Models with nonconstant thickness and width were also developed.
  • the analytical formulations are very complex and solutions were found using approximation methods and symbolic programming. The results showed no improvement in rise time or deflection using non constant dimensions.
  • a screen consists of a large number of modules with relatively small size (for example, 180 mm ⁇ 180 mm).
  • each module 20 (FIG. 5) is formed by a plate 22.
  • Each plate 22 itself contains a certain number of optical fibers 18, for example, thirty, as well as thirty shutters 24 in bimorph form arranged in a comb pattern 26, a PCB printed circuit wafer and the contacts required for controlling the shutters.
  • This assembly is represented in a blown up view in FIG. 4.
  • Each bimorph 14 is attached to a rigid or flexible mounting insert 27 (FIGS. 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b) in order to assemble a plurality of the bimorphs into the comb assembly 26.
  • Thirty plates preferably constitute a module 20 as illustrated in FIG. 5, thus producing a network of thirty fibers by thirty fibers with a periodicity of 6 mm.
  • the fibers are gathered at the back (upstream with respect to the direction of propagation of the passing light) of the module into three separate bundles 28, each plate being connected to a control printed circuit wafer.
  • red, green and blue dichroic filters 30 are arranged before each respective bundle.
  • the illumination is provided by a 60 Watt metal halide discharge lamp 40 (FIG. 5).
  • the light is coupled in a mixer 42, which ensures a maximum and uniform illumination of the red, green, and blue bundle on each module.
  • the illumination of the module 20 reaches a level of 20,000 Nits (Candela/m 2 ) at peak white.
  • Each module surface is protected by a louvered optical network as illustrated in FIG. 5 so as to procure the required contrast and the angles of view.
  • the optical network is designed to ensure, in addition, the thermal insulation of the module 20 by the use of a sandwich arrangement with an air gap.
  • the spacing from module to module preserves the periodicity of approximately 6 mm between the fibers and there are no visible spacings or intervals.
  • the pixels 50 each consist of nine fibers, three per color, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • the colors are arranged according to a diagonal scheme, given that the eye is less sensitive to diagonal structures.
  • the interval between successive pixels is preferably approximately 18 mm.
  • the bimorph of the present invention is primarily a device of the on-off type
  • the gray levels can be generated by modulation of the pulsewidth.
  • the image cycle is transformed from the PAL or NTSC system into forty images per second using digital filtering.
  • only three levels of gray can be generated.
  • a problem also arises in view of the limits in the bandwidth of the mechanical frequency response of the bimorph with respect to the image refresh rate.
  • the number of gray levels can be increased, provided that the section of the fibers is in a correct ratio to avoid redundancies and to have a spacing with uniform level.
  • a surface ratio of one to three is used.
  • twenty-seven levels per color can be generated. This translates approximately into five bits per color.
  • each of the optical fibers 18 may be selectively turned on and off (shuttered) by actuation of the bimorph 14 between an upper position, against one or more upper stops or bumps 60 (FIGS. 9 and 12), wherein the optical fiber 18 is open, and a lower position, against one or more lower stops or bumps 62 (FIGS. 9 and 13), wherein the shutter 24 covers the distal end of the corresponding optical fiber 18, so that the optical fiber is closed, thus preventing light from exiting therefrom.
  • the bimorph makes contact with only the bump stops in both the open and closed positions.
  • FIG. 12 An important aspect of the invention is shown in FIG. 12.
  • the upper bump 60 is disposed inside a critical zone extending as shown in FIG. 12, in order to ensure that any spurious vibration modes in the moving bimorph are dampened.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate another advantageous concept of the present invention; namely, the employment of either an infra-red coating 70 (FIG. 10) or an infra-red reflective foil 80 (FIG. 11), which is attached to the back of the shutter 24 by means of adhesive or the like.
  • This infra-red coating or foil reflects the heat generated by the light source, thereby protecting the shutter 24 from damage due to excessive heat.
  • Another embodiment is obtained by the use of an algorithm for distributing multilevel error diffusion with threshold modulation.
  • the image rate can be sufficiently high to avoid flickering.
  • the critical flickering frequency increases with the brightness or luminance and the surface dimension.
  • the eye is less sensitive to the flickering of lines when the lines are diagonal. This effect has been used, as illustrated in FIG. 6, and it produces remarkable results.
  • the modules 20 are arranged into subscreens of forty eight modules.
  • the subscreens are combined to form a screen having any dimension or shape.
  • the front surface is uniform, and there is no visible seam between the modules and the respective subframes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
US08/869,364 1996-06-05 1997-06-05 Large-area fiber optic display using piezoelectric shutters Expired - Fee Related US5917986A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9600509A BE1010327A7 (fr) 1996-06-05 1996-06-05 Dispositif de modulation de la lumiere electro-optique comprenant des bimorphes.
US08/869,364 US5917986A (en) 1996-06-05 1997-06-05 Large-area fiber optic display using piezoelectric shutters
PCT/US1997/009737 WO1997046994A1 (en) 1996-06-05 1997-06-05 Large-area fiber optic display using piezoelectric shutters
NO985688A NO985688L (no) 1996-06-05 1998-12-04 Fiberoptisk fremvisningsanordning med stort areal og med piezoelektriske lukkere

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9600509A BE1010327A7 (fr) 1996-06-05 1996-06-05 Dispositif de modulation de la lumiere electro-optique comprenant des bimorphes.
US08/869,364 US5917986A (en) 1996-06-05 1997-06-05 Large-area fiber optic display using piezoelectric shutters

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US (1) US5917986A (no)
BE (1) BE1010327A7 (no)
NO (1) NO985688L (no)
WO (1) WO1997046994A1 (no)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6359843B1 (en) 1997-03-28 2002-03-19 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Disk recording-playback device, disk tray for use in the device, and method of ejecting the tray
WO2003021555A2 (en) * 2001-08-15 2003-03-13 Optica Fibre Technologies Msc Sdn Bhd Succession of corrected light guides for use in fiber optic display systems
US6700598B1 (en) 2000-04-25 2004-03-02 Cortron Corporation Digital imaging system employing non-coherent light source
EP2324858A1 (en) 2000-11-28 2011-05-25 RemoteLight, Inc. UV disinfection device and method for appliances
US20130122766A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2013-05-16 Dow Global Technologies Llc Curable compositions

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU3155600A (en) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-21 Piezosystem Jena Prazisionsjustierelemente Gmbh Optical switching matrix arrangement

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4844577A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-07-04 Sportsoft Systems, Inc. Bimorph electro optic light modulator
US5052777A (en) * 1988-04-27 1991-10-01 Sportsoft Systems, Inc. Graphics display using bimorphs
US5563977A (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-10-08 General Electric Company Display system having greyscale control of fiber optic delivered light output
US5661611A (en) * 1993-10-29 1997-08-26 Daewood Electronics Co., Ltd. Thin film actuated mirror array and method for the manufacture thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4844577A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-07-04 Sportsoft Systems, Inc. Bimorph electro optic light modulator
US5052777A (en) * 1988-04-27 1991-10-01 Sportsoft Systems, Inc. Graphics display using bimorphs
US5661611A (en) * 1993-10-29 1997-08-26 Daewood Electronics Co., Ltd. Thin film actuated mirror array and method for the manufacture thereof
US5563977A (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-10-08 General Electric Company Display system having greyscale control of fiber optic delivered light output

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Lage Area Fiber-Optic Display Using Piezoelectric Sheutters" Jean-Pierre Vanderreydt; SID 95 Digest pp. 311-314.
Lage Area Fiber Optic Display Using Piezoelectric Sheutters Jean Pierre Vanderreydt; SID 95 Digest pp. 311 314. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6359843B1 (en) 1997-03-28 2002-03-19 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Disk recording-playback device, disk tray for use in the device, and method of ejecting the tray
US6700598B1 (en) 2000-04-25 2004-03-02 Cortron Corporation Digital imaging system employing non-coherent light source
EP2324858A1 (en) 2000-11-28 2011-05-25 RemoteLight, Inc. UV disinfection device and method for appliances
WO2003021555A2 (en) * 2001-08-15 2003-03-13 Optica Fibre Technologies Msc Sdn Bhd Succession of corrected light guides for use in fiber optic display systems
WO2003021555A3 (en) * 2001-08-15 2004-07-22 Optica Fibre Technologies Msc Succession of corrected light guides for use in fiber optic display systems
US20130122766A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2013-05-16 Dow Global Technologies Llc Curable compositions

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Publication number Publication date
BE1010327A7 (fr) 1998-06-02
NO985688L (no) 1999-02-04
NO985688D0 (no) 1998-12-04
WO1997046994A1 (en) 1997-12-11

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