US576030A - Pneumatically-operated musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

M. CLARK. PNEUMATIGADLY OPERATED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

Patented Jan. 26, 1897.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets- S'heet 2.

'M. CLARK. PNEUMATIG ALLY OPERATED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT. No. 576,030.

Patented Jan. 26-,v 1897.

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M. CLARK. I PNEUMATIUALLY OPERATED MUSIGAL INSTRUMENT. No. 576,030. Patented Jan. 26, 1897.

LITHU. WASNKNGYON n a UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MELYILIIE CLARK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PNEUMATICALLY-OPERATED MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 576,030, dated January 26, 1897.

Application filed December 28, 1895. Serial No. 673,592. (No model.)

Be it known that I, MELVILLE CLARK, a citi zen of the United States, residing at Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Pneumatically-Actuated Musical Instruments, which are fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

This invention embodies a novel adaptation of the pneumatic principle to a musical instrument having a key-manual and designed to be played by hand, meaning by the pneu matic principle the principle of operating the reed-valves by small bellows, commonly called pneumatics, which communicate with the win d-chest or vacuum-chamber from or into which the air is forced or drawn to operate the reeds.

It consists in certain novel arrangements of the valves and the pneumatics by which they are operated, by which it is made possible to cause each pneumatic to operate a larger number of valves than have heretofore been possible, and in the combination, with valves and pneumatics so arranged, of 1110- chanical connections from the manual-keys to the valves which control the communication of the motor-pneumatics with the windchest or vacuuiii-chamber, whereby the manual-k eys are enabled to control and bring into operation a large number of sounding devices without increase of the pressure necessary to be exercised upon the manual-keys.

It consists, further, in details of structure and arrangement which are specified in the several claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical foreand-aft section through an organ embodying my improvements, showing the reed-chambers,valves, pneumatics, and mechanical connections pertaining to a single key or manual. Fig. 2 is a detail section at the same point as Fig. 1, showing the manual-frame tilted to the position preparatory to shifting the same longitudinally for the purpose of transposition. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan, as atthe plane indicated by the line 3 3 on Fig. 1, showing the arrangement of the coupling mechanism and having a portion of the manual broken away to show a detail pertaining to the devices for mechanical transposition. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the vertical pneumaticchamber with the pneumatics and reed-chamber mounted thereon, as it would appear with the swell and manual action removed, the base which supports the man nah-action being cut in vertical section, as at the line 4 at in Fig. 1, a small portion at the left being shown in vertical section, as at the plane indicated by the line 4 on Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a plan of a hanger such as are used to support alternate individuals of the motor-pneumatics. Fig. 6 is a detail section through the end of the case axial with respect to the shaft of a touch-regulating device which is shown in the same section. Fig. 7 is a detail section in a plane corresponding to Fig. 1, showing a modification of the throat or connecting passage between two parts of the pneumaticchamber.

In the drawings, A represents the upper end of the exhaust-bellows, of which the wind chest or vacuum chamber C is substantiall y an extension. The wind-chest G is vertical and may extend to any convenient height. I have shown this wind-chest mainly above the level of the manual, but my invention is not limited to this arrangein ent,an d the number of reed-chambers either above or below the level of the manual is determined only by preference as to the pro portions of the instrument and the case which is to contain it. Blocks containing reedchambers C G C &c., are mounted both on the front and rear walls of the vacuumchamber 0. I have shown two reed-chambers associated in each block and controlled by the same valve; and such blocks, having two reeds each, are arranged in vertical rows comprising any number of such blocks one above the other. The width of each reedchamber, including the necessary partitionwalls between laterally-adjacent chambers, is ordinarily equal to the lateral space apportioned to each key of the manual; but by the familiar expedient of offsetting the reed chambers for consecutive keys double space can be obtained for each reed-chamber. This is necessary, if at all, only in the bass, and here so many sets of reeds are not usually required as in the higher parts, and the omitted sets will afford the space required for offsetting and lapping the reed-chambers, as seen in Fig. 4:. Ports 0, &c., lead from the lower end of the vertical reedchambers horizontally through the block in which the reedchambers are formed and through the wall of the vacuuni-chamber into the latter, the horizontal rows oi such ports being con trolled by the mutes (1*, having 0 'ank-arms (3' outside the end walls ol' the vacuuin-chan1ber, by which the mu tes maybe operated in at Yamiliar manner. The blocks in which the reed-chambers C are formed are cut oil. obliquely at the upper end, through which the reed-chambers open, and through which the reeds C are inserted, and the valves 0 are adapted to seat upon the upper sloping ends of the blocks, covering the open ends of the reed-chambers, said valves being hinged at their upper ends proximate to the wall of the vacuuni-chamber, being adapted to be lifted at their lower free ends and thereby adapted to be seated by gravity, the oblique seat be ing adapted only for the purpose of lengthening the valve and more nearly equalizing the opening alt'orded to each reed-chamber.

In the specific structure shown in Fig. 1, at a point above the uppermost reed-chamber mounted on the wind-chest C, the latter .is closed by the wall (1, but said vacuumchamber is provided with a supplement or extension in the form of the Hat or horizontally-extended chamber 0, mounted above and at-a little distance from the wall C and extending above the whole length of the principal vacuuiii-chamber C, being supported in this position by the hollow standards 0 c at each end of the principal vacuum-chamber C, said hollow standards having ports 0* c which register with corresponding ports c in the end walls of the chamber t, and having ports c" (1 which register with correspending ports c c in the end walls oi? the supplemental chamber r), so that when said. hollow starulards are secured against the ends of the chambers t and 0 they constitute passages by which the chambers U and c communicate, so that; a partial vacuum existing in the chamber t extends also in the chamher 0.

lfpon the underside oi. the supplement c of the wind-chest are mounted pncumatics D D, &c.,in line with the vertical rows of reedchambers and their valves G" C, etc. These pneumatics therefore extend in two transverse rows correspondlng to the reed-chambers and valves upon the .lront and rear sides, respectively, of the wini'l-ehest C. The individuals of the upper row ol the pneumatics l) are mounted directly upon the under side ot' the supplen'ieut- 0 ot the wind chest, and the individ outs of the lower row are connected to the same wall by hangers as represented in Fig. 5, and consisting of a coin 'iaratively thin rib 1), whose upper edge is glued fast to the under side of the supplement 0 ol. the wind-chest, the lower edge being similarly secured to the upper side of the upper lixed wall of the pneumatic, the duct (7, which communicates between the pneumatic-chainber and the su plemental chamber rz, being a broad ilat duct, as seen in Fig. 5, al'lfording free communieatiou, but requiring the minimum space laterally with respect to the en tire instrument, its capacity being obtained by extent fore and at't. The meumalicsare hinged at their inner ends-that is, their ends toward the middle line of the supplemental chamber (;-their oscillating ends being, respectively, at the trout and at the rear tor the front and rear sets of the recd-chamber valves. lhrough the lower wall ol' the supplemental chamber 0, between each pair olf pneunu'itics, trout and rear, respectively, a port 0" is termed, leading through said lower wall. of the chamber 0, and from such port ducts c c lead into the trout and rear pneumatics, respectively. 'lhrough theptu'tc the valve-stem lfl extends, having the valve l l" upon the inner side and the valve lil" upon the outer side oisaid lower wall of the chamber c, adapted in the mannerfamiliar inthis art to control the communication of the pneuniatics, so that they shall communicate either with the interior of the vacuuill-chamber or with the exterior air, according as one valve or the other on the stem ill is seated.

The lower fluctuating walls of the pneun'iatics 'D l.) are connected at their oscillating ends, which are their front and rear ends, respectively, with the oscillating ends ot' the valves C" C, pertaining to the trout and rear sets, respectively, oi the reed-chauibers, by suitable tapes (Z (fl, so that the collapsing oi? a meunuitic, lit'ting its lower wall, will hit all the valves in. the vertical row below that pneumatic. in order to give promptniizss to the closingaction of the valves, a spring i may be provided adapted to operate upon the lowermost valve oi the vertical series, and thereby, through the medium oi the tape (7, lo operate upon all of the valves, tending to seat them. in order that all the valves in each. vertical series may be opened equally and simultaneously by the action oi the pneumatic, the tape (7 should be without: slack between the several points ot' attachment, and in order that it may be kept thusand maybe readily adjusted from time to time to take up any slack l secure it to the cdgesol' the valves by merely clamping it under a marginal blot-k. c byineans ol'screwsc, whiclnbcingalaclccd, permit the tape to be drawn through between the edge of the sle .ve and the elampingbloelc, any slack thus taken up being passed on to the .nd and taken up at the last l'aslmiing, and in order that the shark may be talccn up at either end I employ a similar mode of fus toning the tape to the pneumatics and have used the same letters c and c to indicate the clamping-block and screws, rermeetively, by which it; is held at the pneumatic.

From the construction thus t'ar descrilual it will be understood that the necessary pan tial vacuum being produced in the chamber 0 and supplement 0 any mechanism which operates the valve-stem to alternately seat IlO the valves E and E thereon will cause the pneumatics to be collapsed and distended with an amount of force dependent only upon the degree of vacuum; and the pneumatics being of sufficient area, so that a vacuum easily obtainable by the usual means of exhausting the vacuum-chamberpumping-bellows or exl1aust-fan-will afford sufficient power to lift the number of valves C attached to the pneumatic, all such valves will be opened at each opening of the valve E and seating of the valve E, by which communication is established between the windchest and the pneumatic, and the mutes being opened all the reeds controlled by said valves 0 will seat in response to the action which opens the valve E and seats E It will be understood, upon consideration, that the supplemental chamber 0 is not necessarily disconnected from the principal wind-chest or vacuum-chamber O in such manner as to require the hollow standards 0 for the purpose of effecting proper air connection between the two, the form of structure shown in Fig. 1 and represented in detail in Fig. 4: being adopted merely for the sake of compactness, because by that means the pneumatics and the valve E in line with the pneumatics of each pair and between them may be grouped closely, as shown in Fig. 1. If it is preferred, however, to sacrifice this slight advantage, the chamber 0 may merge in the supplemental chamber 0 along its entire upper edge and throughout the entire length of the lower side of the supplemental chamber. Such structure is illustrated in Fig. '7, the principal chamber 0 being, however, reduced in thickness from front to rear at the neck O, thereby partly effecting the purpose aimed at in the other construction viZ., compact arrangement of the pneumatics and valves and the maximum possible size for the pneumatics. The force necessary to operate the valve-stem E and its valves E and E is very slight and bears no relation to the amount of work necessary to operate the valves 0', which are operated by the pneumatics as the result of the operation of the valves E and E By providing, therefore, mechanical connection from the keys to the valve-stem E, by which the keys will operate the valves E and E I am able to operate any desired number of valves (3 and bring into action any desired number of reeds without making the action of the key any harder or stiffer by reason of the number of reed-valves operated, and, in fact, so light is the touch upon the key necessary, by any reasonably direct means, to operate the valves E" and E that, but for springs interposed expressly to increase it, it would be almost imperceptible to the operator.

I will now describe the mechanical connection from the keys to the valves E E H H represent keys of the manual, the connections from one of which are illustrated, The entire manual is supported upon a manual-frame J which, for a special purpose hereinafter explained, is in turn supported upon the rod K, which extends from end to end of the organ-case and is supported on the latter, and the front sill or transposition-board K, which is likewise rigidly supported upon the organ-case and extends from end to end. For the purpose of the action the manual-frame J maybe considered as fixed in position. The keys II are fulcrumed in the customary manner at 71, which represents a vertical pin rooted in the manual-frame, the key having the customary slot tapering from the lower surface to the upper, adapting it to rock about the point of support at the lower surface, 7t being the customary felt cushion, on which the key rests at said lower surface The rear bar J of the manual-frame constitutes an evener for the keys, a suitable felt cushion j upon the upper surface of said bar making the contact with the lower surface of the keys of the manual at their rear ends. At the rear ends of the keys they have each a button H, of felt or like substance, adjustable on the threaded pin H and a vertical rod L, having suitable fixed guideways at Z and l, and having a stop-pin Z above one of said guideways,

rests at its lower end upon the button 11, and

is adapted at its upper end to touch the under side of the lever M, which is fulcrumed on a fixed support at m, forward of the point of contact of the rod L and extending rearward underneath the supplemental chamber 0 and terminating under the valve E. A spring N is interposed between therear end of this lever and the valve E extending from the lever to the valve when the latter is off its seat and the rear end of the lever is at its lowest positionth at is, the position from which it will be moved upward by the depression of the key. \Vhen, therefore, the key is depressed, the first downward movement lifts the valve-stem E, opening the valve E and seating E and the further depression of the key compresses the spring N against the valve E I proportion the several levers and locate their fulcrums, respectively, so that the rear end of the lever M has approximately the same movement as the forward end of the key, and since a sixteenth-of-an-inch movement is sufficient to open the valve E and seat the valve E a sixteenth-of-an-inch depression of the key will effect such seating, the addition al movement of the key serving merely to press the valve more closely on its seat, and since such additional pressure is scarcely required the additional movement is provided rather for the purpose of making the movement of the keys more nearly what is customary, so that the action shall be pleasant and not confusing to the operator.

The spring N will in any event be very light, and the resistance which it offers to the depression of the key, even at the maximum, will be only sufficient to be perceptible; but for the purpose of making the action harder, and also providing means for regulating the same to the preference of the operator, 1 provide in the train oi. connections from each. key It to its valve E E a spring, as l, such spring being most conveniently made to opcrate uponv the lovers Ill, because in that po sition it serves to hold all the working parts in positive contact and gives them a quietness of reaction which they would not have it the react ion were left dependent upon gravity alone. The springs l are secured to a sl'iatt l, which is supported upon a bracket it, mounted upon the top of the wind-chest and slotted or notched vertically to a l'tord guidance to the lovers M. This shaft extends out through the ingan-case and is provided with a handle 1, screwed through the eranle arm P", by which the shaft 1" may be rotated, said handle swinging over a plate l against which the handle l maybe screwed tightly to hold. it at any desired point. The rotation of the shaft 1 and securing it thus serves to tension the springs 1 to any desired degree, causing them to press lightly or heavily upon the lovers Ill and make the action of the keys as light or hard as desired.

1 have arranged the mechanism already described so that with it there may be associated devices tor the use ot perforated musicstrips such as are common for the purpose of producingautomatic action of organs. in the Stl1')1)l@ii1(3i1l'ttl(illitlilbCl' c are located auxiliary pneumatics, of which one appears in Fig. 1, (indicated by the letter {5.) From these anxiliary pneulnatics duets s lead outward from the chamber a and tubes S connect them, respeetively,with the air-duets t in the trackerrange '1, supported on the organ-ease, extending horizontally :t'rom right to let't and having the said ducts t extending through it from front to rear, T being the perforated musiestrip which travels ove r the t'murard edge of the crest oi. the tracker-range tor the purpose of registering its apertures with the d ucts t, according tot he well-known principle of operation cl such devices. .l'ithin the supplemei'ital chamber c for each auxiliary pneumatic hi there is a lever #5 t'ulcrumed at its end remote from the pneumatic and provided with a spring o, tending to hold its seillating end against the piieumat ic,so that it shall be operated thereby when the pneumatic is inflated, and to this valve, intermediate its fulcrum and is point ol bearing on the auxiliary pneumatic, the stem l oi the valves E I is secured, so that the lever operates the valves, seating the valve it)" normally by the action of the spring .5 when the auxiliary pneumatic collapses and seating the valve E when the auxiliary ureunmtic is inflated, the power of the pneumatic being sut'licienttoovercomcthetension ol'the spring when the proper degree of vacuum is produced in the chamber c. it will be noticed, therefore, that the mechanical connection from the manual and the connection from the perforated strip T by way of the auxiliary pneumatic and its lever operate upon the same valvestein it and operate the same valves E and l to vent the inotor-piieumatics which ope rate the reed-valves, th us prod no i n g precisely the same result, whether the action be produced by travel of the strip it" or by manipulatitui olf the keys ot' the manual.

it will be noticed. that the upright position of the wind-chest, at'lfording opportunity for locating the reed-chamliers and their ,l'UHi ltC! tive valves which pertain to the keys ot' the manual, respectively, in. vertical rows, and t he constructional. the wind-chest with the horizontally-extended crossdiead or supplemental chamber c to accommodate pneumaties in line above the res ective rows of med-controlling valves (1, (11,) gives to all the reeds equally o )portun i ty to ex perienee the et'l'cet ol the air-tension in the wind-chest when their respective mules and valves are opened; makes it possible to give all the valves t the same mechanical action i'. (2., with oragainst gravity and to the same degree; makes it possible to associate with each hey ot' the manual an almost unlimited nuniberot' reed-- chambers and their rcs 'ieetive valves, all in the tore-amhal't plane ol. the key, and thus, ((7,) to make direct connection .lrtnn the one pneumatic at the head of each vertical row to all the valves in the row and cause them all to open. sinmltaneonsly and without loss of power in transmission 'l'rom the pneu maties, and (c) to control both the tlilttiilllitl lfinl whieh stand at the heads of correspoinling trout and rear .rews by the smile valve located lJtfi ll'ttlll them, therebyinsuringsimultaneous act ion ot' the two PliOlllllEttlCS, and so of the total-valves in the two rows. llhese advantages cannot all be attaii'iod except:- with a vertical. windchest, and some of them are dependent upon the horizontally-extended cross-head For the purpose of controlling and modulating the tone, as is commonly done by devices called swells," it provide the slat-shutters Y and t" between which the wind-cln st and reed-ehambers and valves mounted thereon are inelosed at the trout and rear, respectively. '.l.lieso slabshutters are operated by familiar mechanical oxpedicnts, by which they may be opened to any degree or closed entirely to modulate the tone prtnluced by the instrument. The mechanical. expedient; for o 'ierating them are not shown, the intention being to employ any familiar nnmns.

The space above the rear portion ot' the manual-keys ll, being entirely clear, may be conveniently utilized for the purpose ol. coupling mechanism over such part of the manual as it desired to prOYltlt) with such devices. For this purpose the coupler-board U, extending entirely across the manual. from right to left, is hinged at its rear edge on any support fixed with respect to the organ-ease, as upon the blocks 1/, by means of the hinges u. At the forward edge it is stopped by a cranked shaft 11*, jonrnaled at its ends in supports fixed withrespect to the organ-c so, and may be operated by the couplingstop tor the pur LIL pose hereinafter explained. This couplerlatter, being supported on the organ-case board is located directly over the pivot-pins rigidly and having its upper edge, with which of the manual-keys H and serves as a retaining device to keep the keys on the pins. The coupler-levers U U, &c., are all of equal length and pivoted at their middle points above the board U, which is provided with a vertical rib 10", extending longitudinally and adapted to afford pivotal support for the coupling-levers, which cross it at such oblique angle that the forward end of each lever overhangs a manual-key one octave below the key which is overhung by the rear end of the same lever. The levers being, as stated, fulcrumed at their middle points, and this middle point being, as will be noticed, directly above the manual-keys themselves, the points of the manual-keys, overhung by the opposite ends of each lever, are equally distant upon opposite sides of the fulcrums of the keys, respectively.

The overhanging; ends of the coupling-levers are provided with con tact-buttons u and u" at the forward and rear ends, respectively, such buttons being made of or covered with felt or similar substance one of them being provided with a threaded stem a by which adjustment may be made to cause the buttons to properly come into contact with the keys, respectively. It will be understood that when the coupler-board U is tilted down at its forward edge to the position shown in Fig. 1 the contact-buttons on the opposite ends of the coupling-levers are brought into contact with their respective keys, so that the depression of the forward end of anykey, throwing up its rear end against the button at the rear end of the coupler resting on such key and depressing the forward end of such coup ler, causes the button on said forward end to depress the key upon which it rests, being the octave below the key of the manual operated, the depression being precisely equal to that given the key operated. To throw the coupler out of action, the forward end of the coupler-board is tilted up by rocking the cranked shaft to by means of a stop device adapted for that purpose in a manner which is well understood and which is not illustrated. The manual-frame J, as already stated, is pivotally supported on the rod K, which extends transversely-that is, right and left-from end to end of the organ-case, in which it is supported at its ends. The pivotal attachment of the manual-frame to this rod is made by means of brackets J 3 J secured to the frame and having suitable eyes adapted to pass onto the shaft K and to operate easily thereon. In position for action the frame J is at its forward end drawn down closely onto the sill K rigid with the organ-frame and there secured by the hooks J J In being drawn down to this position it comes in contact ata point a little forward of its fulcrum on the rod K with the upper edge of arib K, which may extend along the whole length of the frame J underneath the l the frame J comes in contact, high enough so that when the forward edge of the frame is locked down snugly upon the sill K the eyes J are drawn up tightly against the under side of the rod K, and the frame J is thereby held very rigidly in position. AS soon, however, as the hooks J are released for the purpose of throwing up the forward edge of the frame J the eyes J are unbound from the rod K and tend to rock easilyand permit the frame to tilt and slide easily over the rod. \Vhen the frame J is thus released and tilted up at the forward end far enough so that pins J J, one near each end, are lifted wholly out of the sockets 70 it, which are made in the upper side of the sill K to receive said pins, the frame J first comes into contact with the under side of the keys H at their forward ends, the evener-bar J of said frame moving down out of contact with the rear ends of said keys; and then, as the frame moves up a little farther at the front, the keys tilt with the frame over the fulcrum K, the buttons H being thereby carried down out of contact with the pitmen or push-rods L. The frame J may now be moved longitudinally on the rod K, carrying with it the entire manual. The sill K is provided with a plurality of holes 70 for the pins J the distance between said holes corresponding to the distance between the central points of consecutive keys-that is to say, to the distance between adjacent pitmen L. I make as many holes as I desire to provide transpositions of the manual. Twelve holes would be necessary for all possible transpositions, but seven holes permit trans- 1 position to the extent ordinarily desired. The

normal position of the frame J being such that the keys of the manual at their rear ends projectunder and are in position to operate the pitmen pertaining to the train of connections for operating the reeds corresponding to said keys, respectively, the pins J 6 are at this normal position lodg ed in the fourth hole from either end of the row of holes la. By moving the frame upthat is, to the rightone hole the key middle 0, for example, will be brought under the pitman pertaining to C sharp, all other keys being similarly advanced one step, thereby effecting a transposition mechanically, so that the operator playingthat is, manipulating the keys-according to the indications of music written in G natural will produce the music one-half tone higher than it is written. Successive adj ustments to the right, setting the pin J successively into the second and into the first hole, will effect transpositions successively, so that the music will be produced two or three halftones higher than it is writ-ten. Adjusting the frame at the left to normal position will cause the music to be produced lower than itis written--a half-tone for each hole or step in the adjustment.

In order that the adjustments described may be possible without preventing the use I of the manual to the limit at both ends ol the keyboard, as many extra keys are provided as there are holes for adjustment, and the case is extended at each end beyond the space necessary to accommodate the action, in other respects far enough to accommodate the extra number of keys, so that the adjustment of the manual from the middle point in each direction maybe made as described, and panels (I. (it at each end, adjacent to the ends ol:' the case, respectively, serve to screen or cover the space into which. the extra keys maybe moved in the extreme adjustments in each direction and to cover the keys, when so adjusted, out of use.

I claim- 1. In an organ in combination with a vertical wind-chest; reed-chaml. ers mounted upon the vertical sides oi. the wind-chest in vertical rows, exterior valves for said reed-chambers respectively; pneumatic-motors located exterior to the wind-chest in line with the vertical rows rcspectivclyot reedchamber valves provided with connections to the several valves in their respective rows; said pneumatic-motors communicating with the windchest; valves which control said (30lllll'llllll02ttions respectively, and suitable means [or operating said valves.

In an organ in combination with. the manual; reed-chambers mounted upon the vertical sides of the wind-chest in vertical rows, exterior valves for said reed-chambers respectively; pneumatic-motors located exterior to the wind-chest in line with the vertical rows respectively of real-chamber valves provided with connections to the several valves, said pncuinatic-motors communicating with the wimI-chest; valves which control said communications respectively, and mechanical. connections from said valves to the keys respectively of the manual.

23. In an organ in combination with reedchambers mounted upon the vertical sides of the \vind-chestin vertical rows,exterior valves for said reed-chambers respectively; pneumatic-motors located exterior to the vvindchest in line with the vertical rows respectively oi": reed-clntmher valves and above the same and provided with connections downward to the several valves in the rows beneath them respectively, said pneumatic-nun tors communicating with the wind-chest, and valves which control said communications respectively.

t. In an organ in combiimtion with the wind-chest erected vertically; reed-chambers mounted upon the sides thereof in vertical rows; and dowmvardly seating valves for said reed-chambers 'respec tivcly; pneumaties mounted exteriorly on said wind-chest in line with the said vertical rows respectively and above the same; connections from the pneumatic of each row to the uppermost valve of l the row and .l'rom each valve successively to the one below it-whereby the mcumalic acl'u ates all the valves in the row and a spring acting upon the lmvest valve tending to seat the same.

5. In an organ in combination with the manual; a wind-chest erected vertically at the rear of the manual; reed-clmubers men at ed upon the vertical. sides of the wind-chest in vertical rows exteriorvalves [or said reedchambers respectively; pncumatic-motors located exterior to the \vinctchest in line with the vertical rows respectively of reed'chamher valves and above the same and, providerjl with connections downward to the several valves in the rows beneath them respectively;

said pncumatie-motors communicating with the wind-chest; valves which cont rol said communications respectively, and mechanic l connections from. said valves to the keys respectively oi. the manual.

(3. In an organ in combination with the manual, a wimlchcst erected vertically l t the rear thereof and. having: at its upper side a horizontal extension front and rear; recdchambers mounted upon the front and rca r sides of the wind-chestunderneathsaid troutand rear horizontal extension; pneumaticmotors mounted upon the under side of said horizontal extension above the rced-chamlmrs respectively; downwardly-seating valves 'l.'or said reed-chambers, and direct connections therefrom to said pneumatics above them respectively; said pneumatics communicating' with the \Yllltl-CIIOSY and valves which control their respective comm ui'licatious a nd suitable means for operating said valves.

7. In an organ in combination with the manual, a wind-chest erected vertically at the rear of the manual and havingat its upper end a supplemental portion extended horizontally fore and aft beyond the trout and rear planes of the main vertical. prjirtion; reed-controlling valves mounted upon the front and rear sides of said vertical portion; and pneumatic-motors arranged in pairs, the individuals of which are located above the front and rear reed-controllin valves, rc spectively, and. mounted on theliorimntallyextended supplemental portion of the \vimlchest and communicating therewith; a valve for each pair of pneumatics controlling the communication of both imlividuals ol' the pair with the wind-chest and mechanical connections from the keys of the manual to said valv .s respectively.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two witnesses, at Chicago, Illinois, this .l th day ol December, 1895.

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