US5741415A - Method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates - Google Patents
Method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates Download PDFInfo
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- US5741415A US5741415A US08/313,635 US31363594A US5741415A US 5741415 A US5741415 A US 5741415A US 31363594 A US31363594 A US 31363594A US 5741415 A US5741415 A US 5741415A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical group [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 nickel nitroxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Co+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 MPMSMUBQXQALQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G27/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
- C10G27/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G27/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
- C10G27/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen
- C10G27/10—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of metal-containing organic complexes, e.g. chelates, or cationic ion-exchange resins
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of the removal of mercaptan sulfur from petroleum distillates by means of oxidation, and may be used in the oil refining industry for the demercaptanization of gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fractions.
- the method which most closely resembles the method described herein is the method for the demercaptanization of high-boiling-point petroleum distillates by means of mercaptan oxidation using the oxygen of the air, in the presence of a 5% to 20% solution containing an alkali and a heterogeneous phthalocyanine catalyst, comprising cobalt phthalocyanine in an amount ranging from 0.005 to 0.9 mass %, deposited on a carbonaceous fibrous material in the form of a carbonaceous or graphite fiber.
- the objective of the present invention consists in achieving an increase in the degree of demercaptanization of petroleum distillates, an increase in the stability of the catalytic activity of the catalyst, and the elimination of the necessity of using significant quantities of the base.
- a method for the demercaptanization of mercaptan-containing petroleum distillates by means of the oxidation of said mercaptans with the oxygen of the air in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst comprising contacting said mercaptans with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt, in an amount ranging from about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass %, which is deposited onto a fibrous carbonaceous material, said material containing oxides of metals of variable valence; said method being carried out at a temperature falling within the range of about 80° to about 200° C.
- a catalyst comprising a fibrous carbonaceous material containing oxides of metals of variable valence, and having deposited on said material, in an amount from about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass %, a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel or cobalt.
- the stated objective is achieved by providing a method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates by means of the oxidation of mercaptans using the oxygen of the air, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst.
- a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt may be used, in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 mass %, deposited on a fibrous carbon material in the form of a fabric-type material, felt, or rope, containing oxides of metals of variable valence, the process being carried out at a temperature ranging from about 80° to about 220° C.
- a carbonaceous fibrous material is used, containing oxides of calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc and aluminum, in quantities which provide sufficient basicity for the oxidation of the mercaptans to occur. Typically, this amount will be up to about 0.03 mass %.
- the distinguishing features of the proposed method consist in the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, containing from about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass % of a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt, on a material which consists of carbonaceous fibers; the use of a carbonaceous fibrous material in the form of a woven fabric (cloth), felt, or rope (twisted strand), containing the oxides of the above mentioned metals of variable valence in an amount of up to about 0.03 mass %; and the performance of the process at a temperature ranging from about 80° to about 220° C.
- water-soluble salts of copper, iron, nickel, and cobalt include, but are not limited to, salts of inorganic acids such as the sulfates, chlorides and nitroxides (nitrates) of these metals.
- Phenylates i.e., Ph-O-Me-O-Ph where Me is the metal and Ph is phenyl
- copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper phenylate, iron sulfate, nickel nitroxide and cobalt nitroxide are useful in the practice of this invention, with copper phenylate being particularly preferred because it does not carry over into the demercaptanized product.
- the proposed content of the water-soluble salt of Cu, Fe, Ni, or Co on the carbonaceous fibrous material in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 mass % is both necessary and sufficient, since with a content of the water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt which is less than 0.01 mass %, the required degree of mercaptan oxidation is not achieved.
- the higher limit for the content of a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt (10.0 mass %) is determined by the adsorptive properties of the carbonaceous fibrous material with respect to the water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt.
- Typical oxides of metals of variable valence which are useful in this invention include, but are not limited to, oxides of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and aluminum. Generally, these oxides are considered to be water-insoluble or only slightly soluble in water.
- Carbonaceous fibrous materials in the form of a woven fabric, felt, or rope (twisted strand), containing the oxides of metals of variable valence in an amount of up to about 0.03 mass % are industrially produced by a process involving the soaking of the material in solutions of salts of the aforesaid metals, with their subsequent thermal treatment.
- the preparation of the proposed catalyst is carried out in accordance with the known method of soaking a carbonaceous fibrous material containing oxides of calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum in aqueous solutions of the salts of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt, at the required concentration, with subsequent drying.
- the proposed method has found approbation under laboratory conditions in examples involving the demercaptanization of a model mixture of dodecylmercaptan in dodecane, a gasoline fraction (boiling-off range 60° to 180° C.), a kerosene fraction 120° to 240° C.), and a diesel fraction (180° to 350° C.).
- a heterogeneous catalyst containing 10 mass % copper sulfate on a carbonaceous fabric which further contains oxides of calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum in a quantity of 0.03 mass % are loaded into a batch reactor.
- the copper sulfate is deposited onto the carbonaceous fabric by the method of soaking to saturation using an aqueous solution.
- 35 ml of a model solution of n-dodecylmercaptan in dodecane are loaded into the reactor.
- the reactor constitutes a cylindrical vessel made of glass, having a capacity of 100 ml, heated from the outside by a metallic spiral. Air is supplied to the reactor from the bottom; this air is evenly distributed within the reactor space due to the Schott filter which has been installed in the lower part of the reactor.
- the oxidation of the mercaptans is carried out with the oxygen of the air, at a temperature of 100° C. and atmospheric pressure, with air being supplied at a rate of 0.5 l/min. The time of oxidation is 4 minutes.
- the mercaptan sulfur content in the starting and refined raw material is determined by method of potentiometric titration.
- the demercaptanization of a model mixture of dodecylmercaptan in dodecane is carried out by a method similar to the one described for Example 1.
- the composition of the catalyst and the results of the experiment are given in Table 1.
- Example 2 Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst which contained 1 mass % copper sulfate on a carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03 mass % of the oxides of metals indicated in Example 1, at a temperature of 220° C., over a period of 5 minutes, the demercaptanization of a diesel fraction having a mercaptan sulfur content equal to 0.02 mass % is carried out. Analysis of the demercaptanized diesel fraction showed the residual content of mercaptan sulfur to be 0.0005 mass %. At the same time, the degree of oxidation of mercaptans in the diesel fraction constitutes 97.5%.
- Example 2 Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, in the presence of a known heterogeneous catalyst which contains 0.5 mass % of cobalt disulophthalocyanine on a carbonaceous fabric (without oxides of metals) and a 20% alkali solution, at a temperature of 220° C., over a period of 5 minutes, the demercaptanization of a diesel fraction with a mercaptan sulfur content equal to 0.02 mass % is carried out. Analysis of the demercaptanized diesel fraction showed the residual content of mercaptan sulfur to be 0.0075 mass %. At the same time, the degree of oxidation of mercaptans in the diesel fraction constitutes 62.5%.
- the demercaptanization of a gasoline fraction having a mercaptan sulfur content of 0.077 mass % is carried out.
- Analysis of the demercaptanized fraction indicated the residual content of mercaptan sulfur to be 0.0001 mass %.
- the degree of oxidation of the mercaptans in the gasoline fraction constitutes 99.87%.
- Example 2 Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, in the presence of a known heterogeneous catalyst which contains 0.5 mass % of cobalt disulophthalocyanine on a carbonaceous fabric (without oxides of metals) and a 20% alkali solution, at a temperature of 80° C., over a period of time lasting 3 minutes, the demercaptanization of a gasoline fraction with a mercaptan sulfur content of 0.077 mass % is carried out.
- a known heterogeneous catalyst which contains 0.5 mass % of cobalt disulophthalocyanine on a carbonaceous fabric (without oxides of metals) and a 20% alkali solution
- the degree of mercaptan oxidation in the gasoline fraction constitutes 63.6%.
- the following example illustrates the preservation of high catalytic activity after prolonged use of the catalyst.
- a kerosene fraction 120+240 originating from the petroleum refinery of Ryazan, having a content of mercaptan sulfur of 0.0082% mass %, is subjected to demercaptanization over a period of 10 minutes.
- the purified kerosene is drained off, and a fresh portion of kerosene is poured into the reactor and subjected to oxidation. The process is repeated for several tens of cycles.
- the demercaptanization of a kerosene fraction is carried out in the presence of a known catalyst. The results of the experiment are given in Table 2.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The demercaptanization of petroleum distillates may be carried out by means of the oxidation of the mercaptans contained therein using the oxygen in the air, at a temperature of about 80° to about 220° C., in the presence of about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass % of a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt, on a fibrous carbonaceous material in the form of a woven fabric, felt, rope, or twisted strand, used as a heterogeneous catalyst. The fibrous carbonaceous material used in the process contains oxides of calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum in an amount of up to about 0.03 mass %.
Description
The invention relates to the field of the removal of mercaptan sulfur from petroleum distillates by means of oxidation, and may be used in the oil refining industry for the demercaptanization of gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fractions.
Methods for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates are known which involve the oxidation of mercaptans using the oxygen in the air in the presence of a base and heterogeneous catalysts containing phthalocyanines of cobalt or vanadium deposited onto hard substances, such as activated coal, graphite, alumina, mordenite, silica gel, and others (see USSR Patents Nos. 355805 and 654180; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,033,860 and 4,481,106).
The principal disadvantages of the indicated methods consist in the insufficiently high degree of mercaptan oxidation in petroleum distillates and the significant alkali consumption required by the process.
From the point of view of its technical essence and the result obtained, the method which most closely resembles the method described herein is the method for the demercaptanization of high-boiling-point petroleum distillates by means of mercaptan oxidation using the oxygen of the air, in the presence of a 5% to 20% solution containing an alkali and a heterogeneous phthalocyanine catalyst, comprising cobalt phthalocyanine in an amount ranging from 0.005 to 0.9 mass %, deposited on a carbonaceous fibrous material in the form of a carbonaceous or graphite fiber.
The principal disadvantages of this method lie in the insufficiently high level of mercaptan oxidation in petroleum distillates, the low stability of catalytic activity of the catalyst, and the necessity of consuming significant quantities of the alkali substance.
The objective of the present invention consists in achieving an increase in the degree of demercaptanization of petroleum distillates, an increase in the stability of the catalytic activity of the catalyst, and the elimination of the necessity of using significant quantities of the base.
Thus, in accordance with the present invention there is provided a method for the demercaptanization of mercaptan-containing petroleum distillates by means of the oxidation of said mercaptans with the oxygen of the air in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, said method comprising contacting said mercaptans with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt, in an amount ranging from about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass %, which is deposited onto a fibrous carbonaceous material, said material containing oxides of metals of variable valence; said method being carried out at a temperature falling within the range of about 80° to about 200° C.
Also provided in accordance with this invention is a catalyst comprising a fibrous carbonaceous material containing oxides of metals of variable valence, and having deposited on said material, in an amount from about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass %, a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel or cobalt.
According to the method of the invention, the stated objective is achieved by providing a method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates by means of the oxidation of mercaptans using the oxygen of the air, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. For the latter, according to this method, a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt may be used, in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 mass %, deposited on a fibrous carbon material in the form of a fabric-type material, felt, or rope, containing oxides of metals of variable valence, the process being carried out at a temperature ranging from about 80° to about 220° C.
For this purpose, a carbonaceous fibrous material is used, containing oxides of calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc and aluminum, in quantities which provide sufficient basicity for the oxidation of the mercaptans to occur. Typically, this amount will be up to about 0.03 mass %.
The distinguishing features of the proposed method consist in the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, containing from about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass % of a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt, on a material which consists of carbonaceous fibers; the use of a carbonaceous fibrous material in the form of a woven fabric (cloth), felt, or rope (twisted strand), containing the oxides of the above mentioned metals of variable valence in an amount of up to about 0.03 mass %; and the performance of the process at a temperature ranging from about 80° to about 220° C.
The cited distinguishing features of the proposed method define its novelty and significant departure from the methods known in the art at its present technical level, since the application of a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel or cobalt as a catalyst, with a carbonaceous fibrous material in the form of a woven fabric, felt, or rope (twisted strand) containing oxides of metals of variable valence being used as the bearer of the catalyst, is not described in the literature and allows the process of demercaptanization of petroleum distillates to be performed with a higher degree of mercaptan oxidation under prolonged use of the catalyst and without the use of a base.
Examples of the water-soluble salts of copper, iron, nickel, and cobalt include, but are not limited to, salts of inorganic acids such as the sulfates, chlorides and nitroxides (nitrates) of these metals. Phenylates (i.e., Ph-O-Me-O-Ph where Me is the metal and Ph is phenyl) may also be used. For instance, copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper phenylate, iron sulfate, nickel nitroxide and cobalt nitroxide are useful in the practice of this invention, with copper phenylate being particularly preferred because it does not carry over into the demercaptanized product.
The proposed content of the water-soluble salt of Cu, Fe, Ni, or Co on the carbonaceous fibrous material in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 mass % is both necessary and sufficient, since with a content of the water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt which is less than 0.01 mass %, the required degree of mercaptan oxidation is not achieved. At the same time, the higher limit for the content of a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt (10.0 mass %) is determined by the adsorptive properties of the carbonaceous fibrous material with respect to the water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt.
The use of a carbonaceous fibrous material containing oxides of metals having a variable valence in an amount of up to about 0.03 mass % makes it possible to create a necessary and sufficient basicity of the catalyst being used, and, as a result, to eliminate the need to rely on the application of an alkaline substance in the process.
Typical oxides of metals of variable valence which are useful in this invention include, but are not limited to, oxides of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and aluminum. Generally, these oxides are considered to be water-insoluble or only slightly soluble in water.
Carbonaceous fibrous materials in the form of a woven fabric, felt, or rope (twisted strand), containing the oxides of metals of variable valence in an amount of up to about 0.03 mass % are industrially produced by a process involving the soaking of the material in solutions of salts of the aforesaid metals, with their subsequent thermal treatment.
By conducting the process at a temperature ranging from about 80° to about 220° C., it becomes possible to carry out the oxidation of mercaptans in petroleum distillates at the temperatures of their liberation, without preliminary cooling, and, as a result, to increase the degree of mercaptan oxidation and to reduce energy consumption, as well as associated energy costs, for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates.
The preparation of the proposed catalyst is carried out in accordance with the known method of soaking a carbonaceous fibrous material containing oxides of calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum in aqueous solutions of the salts of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt, at the required concentration, with subsequent drying.
The proposed method has found approbation under laboratory conditions in examples involving the demercaptanization of a model mixture of dodecylmercaptan in dodecane, a gasoline fraction (boiling-off range 60° to 180° C.), a kerosene fraction 120° to 240° C.), and a diesel fraction (180° to 350° C.).
The method is illustrated by the following examples.
Five grams of a heterogeneous catalyst containing 10 mass % copper sulfate on a carbonaceous fabric which further contains oxides of calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and aluminum in a quantity of 0.03 mass % are loaded into a batch reactor. The copper sulfate is deposited onto the carbonaceous fabric by the method of soaking to saturation using an aqueous solution. Then, 35 ml of a model solution of n-dodecylmercaptan in dodecane are loaded into the reactor.
The reactor constitutes a cylindrical vessel made of glass, having a capacity of 100 ml, heated from the outside by a metallic spiral. Air is supplied to the reactor from the bottom; this air is evenly distributed within the reactor space due to the Schott filter which has been installed in the lower part of the reactor. The oxidation of the mercaptans is carried out with the oxygen of the air, at a temperature of 100° C. and atmospheric pressure, with air being supplied at a rate of 0.5 l/min. The time of oxidation is 4 minutes.
The mercaptan sulfur content in the starting and refined raw material is determined by method of potentiometric titration.
The results of the experiment are presented in Table 1.
The demercaptanization of a model mixture of dodecylmercaptan in dodecane is carried out by a method similar to the one described for Example 1. The composition of the catalyst and the results of the experiment are given in Table 1.
The demercaptanization of a model mixture of dodecylmercaptan in dodecane is carried out by a method similar to the one described for Example 1, in the presence of known catalysts. The results of the experiment are given in Table 1.
Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst which contained 1 mass % copper sulfate on a carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03 mass % of the oxides of metals indicated in Example 1, at a temperature of 220° C., over a period of 5 minutes, the demercaptanization of a diesel fraction having a mercaptan sulfur content equal to 0.02 mass % is carried out. Analysis of the demercaptanized diesel fraction showed the residual content of mercaptan sulfur to be 0.0005 mass %. At the same time, the degree of oxidation of mercaptans in the diesel fraction constitutes 97.5%.
Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, in the presence of a known heterogeneous catalyst which contains 0.5 mass % of cobalt disulophthalocyanine on a carbonaceous fabric (without oxides of metals) and a 20% alkali solution, at a temperature of 220° C., over a period of 5 minutes, the demercaptanization of a diesel fraction with a mercaptan sulfur content equal to 0.02 mass % is carried out. Analysis of the demercaptanized diesel fraction showed the residual content of mercaptan sulfur to be 0.0075 mass %. At the same time, the degree of oxidation of mercaptans in the diesel fraction constitutes 62.5%.
Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst which contains 1 mass % of copper sulfate on a carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03 mass % of the oxides of metals described in the example, over a period lasting 3 minutes, the demercaptanization of a gasoline fraction having a mercaptan sulfur content of 0.077 mass % is carried out. Analysis of the demercaptanized fraction indicated the residual content of mercaptan sulfur to be 0.0001 mass %. At the same time, the degree of oxidation of the mercaptans in the gasoline fraction constitutes 99.87%.
Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, in the presence of a known heterogeneous catalyst which contains 0.5 mass % of cobalt disulophthalocyanine on a carbonaceous fabric (without oxides of metals) and a 20% alkali solution, at a temperature of 80° C., over a period of time lasting 3 minutes, the demercaptanization of a gasoline fraction with a mercaptan sulfur content of 0.077 mass % is carried out.
Analysis of the demercaptanized fraction demonstrated the residual sulfur content to be 0.028 mass %.
At the same time, the degree of mercaptan oxidation in the gasoline fraction constitutes 63.6%.
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
Mercaptans sulfur content
Oxidation
in the raw material, mass %
Example time in
prior to
after Degree of
No. COMPOSITION OF THE CATALYST
minutes
purification
purification
purification
__________________________________________________________________________
1 10 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 absent
100
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides.
2 1 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 0.0001
99.8
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
3 0.1 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 0.0012
92.2
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
4 0.01 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 0.0032
78.2
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
5 1 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 0.001 93.3
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.01
mass % metal oxides
6 1 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 0.0002
98.7
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.02
mass % metal oxides
7 10 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 absent
100
carbonaceous felt containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
8 1 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 absent
100
carbonaceous felt containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
9 0.1 mass % copper sulfate on
4 0.015 0.0006
96.0
carbonaceous felt containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
10 1 mass % iron sulfate on carbonaceous
4 0.015 0.0021
86.0
fabric containing 0.03 mass % metal
oxides
11 1 mass % nickel nitroxide on
4 0.015 absent
100
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
12 1 mass % cobalt nitroxide on
4 0.015 0.0007
95.5
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
13 1 mass % copper chloride on
4 0.015 absent
100
carbonaceous fabric containing 0.03
mass % metal oxides
14* 1 mass % cobalt disulfophthalocyanine
4 0.015 0.0031
79.5
on carbonaceous fabric without metal
oxides, and 5 ml of 2.5% aqueous
solution of caustic soda
15* 0.5 mass % cobalt
4 0.015 0.00285
81.0
tetrasulfophthalocyanine on
carbonaceous fabric without metal
oxides, and 5 ml of 2.5% aqueous
solution of caustic soda
16* 0.5 mass % cobalt
4 0.015 0.0029
80.5
tetrasulfophthalocyanine on
carbonaceous fabric without oxides,
and 5 ml of a 20% aqueous solution of
caustic soda
__________________________________________________________________________
*Comparative example.
On the basis of the experimental data presented in Table 1 and in Examples 17 through 20, it can be seen that by carrying out the treatment process according to the proposed method, as compared to the known method, it becomes possible to increase significantly (by 15% to 35%) the degree of mercaptan oxidation in petroleum distillates, and to carry out the process without the use of an alkali substance.
The following example illustrates the preservation of high catalytic activity after prolonged use of the catalyst.
Under the same conditions as those described in Example 1, in the presence of 3 grams of a heterogeneous catalyst containing 1 mass % of copper sulfate on a carbonaceous fabric which contained 0.03 mass % of oxides of metals, a kerosene fraction (120+240) originating from the petroleum refinery of Ryazan, having a content of mercaptan sulfur of 0.0082% mass %, is subjected to demercaptanization over a period of 10 minutes. The purified kerosene is drained off, and a fresh portion of kerosene is poured into the reactor and subjected to oxidation. The process is repeated for several tens of cycles. In a similar manner, the demercaptanization of a kerosene fraction is carried out in the presence of a known catalyst. The results of the experiment are given in Table 2.
On the basis of the experimental data presented in Table 2, it can be seen that the proposed method, as compared to the known method, achieves a high stability of the catalytic activity of the catalyst being used under conditions of its repeated and frequent use, without regeneration.
The indicated advantages of the proposed method as compared to the known method, allow significant improvements to be made in the technical and economic indicators of the process in question.
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
Mercaptans sulfur content in the
raw material, mass %
Example Number in
prior to Degree of
No. CATALYST NAME
the cycle
purification
after purification
purification
__________________________________________________________________________
21 1 mass % copper sulfate on a
1 0.0082
absent 100
carbonaceous fabric
2
containing 0.03 mass % metal
3
oxides 4
5
22* 1 mass % copper
1 0.0082
0.00205 75.0
disulfophthalocyanine on a
2 0.0022 72.9
carbonaceous fabric without
3 0.00243 70.4
metal oxides, together with
4 . . . 50 0.00281 . . . 0.0036
65.7 . . . 55.9
5 ml of a 20% aqueous
solution of caustic soda
__________________________________________________________________________
*Comparative example
Claims (8)
1. A method for the demercaptanization of mercaptan-containing petroleum distillates by oxidizing said mercaptans in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, said method comprising contacting said mercaptans with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt, in an amount ranging from about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass %, said water-soluble salt being deposited onto a fibrous carbonaceous material in the form of a woven fabric, felt or twisted strand, said material containing oxides of metals of variable valence; said method being carried out at a temperature falling within the range of about 80° to about 200° C.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fibrous carbonaceous material contains oxides of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and aluminum in an amount up to about 0.03 mass %.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble salt is copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper phenylate, iron sulfate, nickel nitroxide, or cobalt nitroxide.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the water-soluble salt is copper phenylate.
5. In a method for the demercaptanization of mercaptan-containing petroleum distillates by contacting said mercaptans with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement comprising employing a catalyst comprising a fibrous carbonaceous material in the form of a woven fabric, felt or twisted strand containing oxides of metals of variable valence, and having deposited on said material, in an amount from about 0.01 to about 10.0 mass %, a water-soluble salt of copper, iron, nickel, or cobalt.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fibrous carbonaceous material contains oxides of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and aluminum in an amount up to about 0.03 mass %.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the water-soluble salt is copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper phenylate, iron sulfate, nickel nitroxide, or cobalt nitroxide.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the water-soluble salt is copper phenylate.
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/313,635 US5741415A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1994-09-27 | Method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| MX9702145A MX9702145A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1995-09-26 | A method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates. |
| CA002199373A CA2199373A1 (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1995-09-26 | A method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| AU36861/95A AU3686195A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1995-09-26 | A method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| CN95194720A CN1071136C (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1995-09-26 | A method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| EP95934553A EP0783369A4 (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1995-09-26 | A method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| PCT/US1995/012339 WO1996009891A1 (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1995-09-26 | A method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| US08/816,713 US5849656A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1997-03-13 | Catalyst for demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| NO971379A NO971379D0 (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1997-03-24 | Process for Demercaptanization of Petroleum Distillates |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/313,635 US5741415A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1994-09-27 | Method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/816,713 Division US5849656A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1997-03-13 | Catalyst for demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US5741415A true US5741415A (en) | 1998-04-21 |
Family
ID=23216492
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/313,635 Expired - Fee Related US5741415A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1994-09-27 | Method for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| US08/816,713 Expired - Fee Related US5849656A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1997-03-13 | Catalyst for demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/816,713 Expired - Fee Related US5849656A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1997-03-13 | Catalyst for demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5741415A (en) |
Cited By (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000026094A2 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-11 | Lord Corporation | Container for storing sulfur-containing compounds |
| US6485633B2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2002-11-26 | Ds2 Tech, Inc. | Process for the demercaptanization of petroleum distillates |
| US6565741B2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2003-05-20 | William Wismann | Process for desulfurization of petroleum distillates |
| US20050038309A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2005-02-17 | Qing Wu | Process for commercial-scale refining liquefied petroleum gas |
| US20060011515A1 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2006-01-19 | Abbott Peter E J | Desulphurisation |
| CN100351347C (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2007-11-28 | 石油大学(华东) | High decentralization type catalyzer utilized in suspension bed isocracking process |
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| CN101705108B (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2012-09-05 | 郝天臻 | Liquid hydrocarbon mercaptan removal technique capable of deeply removing total sulfur |
| WO2017011242A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Uop Llc | Oxidation catalyst and processes for using same |
| RU2619930C1 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2017-05-22 | Игорь Валентинович Исиченко | Method of cleaning hydrocarbonic media from hydrocarbon and mercaptanes |
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|---|---|
| US5849656A (en) | 1998-12-15 |
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