US5704021A - Adaptive color rendering by an inkjet printer based on object type - Google Patents

Adaptive color rendering by an inkjet printer based on object type Download PDF

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Publication number
US5704021A
US5704021A US08/189,006 US18900694A US5704021A US 5704021 A US5704021 A US 5704021A US 18900694 A US18900694 A US 18900694A US 5704021 A US5704021 A US 5704021A
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color
objects
printer
rendering
print
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US08/189,006
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Thomas G. Smith
Kirt Alan Winter
Frank Anthony Kurucz
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HP Inc
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Hewlett Packard Co
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Assigned to HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY reassignment HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SMITH, THOMAS G., KURUCZ, FRANK ANTHONY, WINTER, KIRT ALAN
Priority to EP95300494A priority patent/EP0665676B1/fr
Priority to DE69526275T priority patent/DE69526275T2/de
Priority to JP7031487A priority patent/JPH07236066A/ja
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/6072—Colour correction or control adapting to different types of images, e.g. characters, graphs, black and white image portions

Definitions

  • Ser. No. 08/187,933 entitled “COLOR HALFTONING OPTIONS INFLUENCED BY PRINT-MODE SETTING”, in the names of Kirt A. Winter et al.
  • Ser. No. 08/187,942 entitled “MANUAL/AUTOMATIC USER OPTION FOR COLOR PRINTING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OBJECTS”, in the names of Sachin S. Naik, et al.
  • Ser. No. 08/187,935 titled “COLOR DIGITAL HALFTONING USING BLACK AND SECONDARY COLOR REPLACEMENT", in the names of Alexander Perureal, Jr., et al.
  • This invention relates generally to color printing; and more particularly to printing different types of color objects (or so-called "copy”) in a common printout.
  • Color is a sensation produced by the combined effects of light, objects and human vision. A particular color or combination of colors may be appealing to one person while at the same time being offensive to another.
  • RGB red, green and blue pixels
  • CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow and black
  • color-management techniques have been used to provide some form of matching between, for instance, the colors viewed on a computer monitor and the colors printed by a specific printer using a given ink formula on a particular type of printing medium.
  • Such color-management techniques have also employed different types of halftoning algorithms (in this art commonly called “rendition” or sometimes “rendering") to improve appearance of color printout of various types of objects (or in traditional publications jargon "copy”).
  • Desktop publishing software has created an additional dimension of the satisfactory-color-definition problem by printing together, in a composite document, objects (or "copy") of different types.
  • objects or "copy"
  • Such types include photos and photograph-like images, business graphics (e.g., charts and logos), and scalable text in both color and black.
  • a driver provides a translation interface from a particular computer operating system, and/or application software running in the computer, to a color printer which acts as a hardcopy output device.
  • the present invention introduces such refinement. It allows for either automatic or customized settings respecting color correction as well as halftoning.
  • the invention offers a method of using a printer system to identify one or more different types of color objects in a document--selecting a preferred rendering option, such as halftoning, and/or selecting a preferred color-control scheme, such as color-matching--for each one of such different color-object types, respectively, and then printing the document in accordance with the options selected for each of such different object types.
  • a preferred rendering option such as halftoning
  • a preferred color-control scheme such as color-matching--for each one of such different color-object types, respectively
  • the invention typically is practiced in the context of a printing system such as an inkjet color printer coupled through a printer driver to applications (or operating-system) software running in a host computer.
  • the invention incorporates a default halftoning technique and a default color matching map into such a printing system, for automatic invocation whenever an object of a particular color-object type is printed.
  • the present invention has more than one main aspect or facet; these primary facets or aspects are amenable to use independently of one another, although for optimum enjoyment of all the benefits of the invention they are preferably practiced in conjunction together.
  • the present invention is a method of color inkjet printing for use in printing color objects of any of a plurality of different object types. This method includes the step of providing some means for identification and recognition of a plurality of different types of color objects.
  • It also includes the steps of providing some means for using a plurality of different color-rendering options in printing color objects; and identifying the type of at least one color object in a document to be printed. Another included step is selecting a preferred color-rendering option to be used for objects of that identified type.
  • the method of preferred embodiments of this first main aspect of the invention includes the step of employing a printer system to cause a color inkjet printer to use the preferred color-rendering option selected in the selecting step.
  • the printer is thereby caused to print the at least one color object, of the identified type, in the document.
  • the invention is a method of printing a composite document having therein color objects of different color-object types. This method includes the step of identifying the type of at least one color object.
  • steps of this method are: using a predetermined first rendering option to print all color objects of the one color-object type of the identifying step; and employing a predetermined second rendering option to print color objects of remaining types, different from the one color-object type.
  • the invention is a system of printing color documents in a raster printer.
  • This system includes a printer for applying color to media (i.e. to a piece of printing medium such as paper), and a document source to provide specifications for a composite color document having nontext color objects.
  • a preferred embodiment of this third main aspect of the invention further includes a printer system connected through a printer driver to the document source.
  • the printer system in turn includes color-management means for providing print-rendering options which are selectively enabled for the nontext color objects.
  • each aspect of the invention by in some way using information about object type to control the rendition to be used in printout, greatly simplifies and reduces the color-management-setting decision-making demands on sophisticated human operators. That is to say, the operator's work load is reduced to making halftoning decisions for each object type rather than each object.
  • the second main aspect of the invention addresses or emphasizes performance of this type-to-rendition selection/printing process separately and independently for more than a single object type, which is to say at least two types.
  • the third primary facet of the invention emphasizes or addresses the enabling of print-rendering options for color objects other than text; it is these objects whose manual management, according to the prior art, particularly challenge and burden the user.
  • the identifying step include identifying the types of color objects which are of at least three different types, in a document to be printed; and that the selecting step include selecting a preferred color-rendering option to be used for each of the at least three different color-object types.
  • the identifying and selecting steps both be accomplished automatically by the printer system.
  • the selecting step is preferably reserved to the human operator.
  • the system preferably interprets presence of a raster data command as characteristic of a photograph or photograph-like color object--thus avoiding any need for embedment of a separate photo-identification code in the data, or for the operator to identify each photo or the like for the system.
  • the system in the identifying step identify all text commands as text objects. For instance a command to use a particular font, or justification, or leading, serves as an identifying criterion for text--again without need for a separate text-identification code or for operator action.
  • the identifying step include identifying all commands which are not text or raster-data commands as business graphics color objects.
  • Graphics commands are less standardized or universal in format than those for text and raster data; hence, thus operating by a process of elimination has been found to very effectively identify graphics.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a computer system employing a now-preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are a flow chart showing how the automatic and manual options of FIG. 1 are used to produce a color printout of a composite document;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a sequence of interactive computer screens available to a user who proceeds through the flow chart of FIGS. 2 and 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram--particularly emphasizing the flow of user options or choices--of a system for producing printouts of color photographs, and other photograph-like objects, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a halftoning flow chart for the same embodiment but particularly emphasizing the selection processes or sequence within the equipment;
  • FIG. 8 is a color control flow chart for the same embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing the relationship of color control and halftoning in processing and printing photographic images.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the different color gamuts of visible light, a computer screen, and a printer which are used in the color control flow chart of FIG. 8;
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show a typical color inkjet printer for incorporating the color printout features of the present invention.
  • the invention provides improved print quality for composite documents which have different types of objects to be printed in the same document and in many instances on the same page.
  • one or more different types of color objects 41-43 are identified and flagged 54 (FIG. 3); a preferred rendering option, such as halftoning, and/or color matching is selected for each one of such different color-object types; and then the document is printed in accordance with the rendering and color-control options selected for each of such different color-object types.
  • the color inkjet system of the preferred embodiment includes a printer 56 (FIGS. 1 and 3) coupled through a printer driver 32 to applications (or operating-system) software 31 running in a host computer 44.
  • a set of default halftoning techniques and default color-matching maps is incorporated in the printer system for automatic invocation whenever objects of respective particular color-object types are to be printed in the absence of user selections.
  • the invention has features which provide either automatic or manual implementation of various color-control and rendering options.
  • an interactive user interface allows a choice between one-"button" 62 automatic control 53A of color output or multibutton control 63-99 of color output, with both automatic and manual options providing independent control for color halftoning 90 and for color correction 81 based on the types of objects to be printed.
  • the preferred form allows separate print-control options for text 43/85, graphics 42/86 and photo (or photograph-like) images 41/87.
  • a printer control 65 automatically invokes an error-diffusion halftoning technique 22 for photo images 41 whenever a high-quality mode 66 is designated, and automatically invokes a dither halftoning technique 21 for photo images 41 whenever a normal 67 or fast 68 print mode is designated.
  • inkjet printer 110 includes an input tray 112 containing sheets of a printing medium 114, which pass through a print zone and are fed past an exit 118 into an output tray 116.
  • a movable carriage 120 holds print cartridges 122, 124, 126 and 128--which in turn respectively hold yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) inks.
  • the front of the carriage has a support bumper 130, which rides along a guide 132; while the back of the carriage has multiple bushings such as 134, which ride along a slide rod 136.
  • the position of the carriage as it travels back and forth across the medium is determined from an encoder strip 138. This position information is used to selectively fire the various ink nozzles on each print cartridge at the appropriate times during each carriage scan.
  • the preferred embodiment makes use of and performs in the environment of well-known commercially available color-matching specifications and operating-system software whose use is very widespread. These are respectively Pantone® Color and Microsoft's Windows® 3.1; the following details accordingly, for definiteness, are couched in terms of these familiar modules.
  • Pantone® Color and Microsoft's Windows® 3.1; the following details accordingly, for definiteness, are couched in terms of these familiar modules.
  • the role of Pantone in this environment is, in essence, as arbiter of what may be called “true” color; however, those skilled in the field will understand that even this represents simply an effort to provide a reliably expert evaluation of what is inherently subjective.
  • the preferred embodiment further has been embodied in color printing devices 56,110 commercially available from the Hewlett Packard Company as its DeskJet® model 1200C and PaintJet® model XL300. We will sometimes in this document refer to these devices in abbreviated form as the DJ 1200C and PJ XL300 respectively.
  • the driver is best configured to display only a modified version 60' of the Setup Dialog 60 when the driver 32 is called from the common print dialog 70.
  • the user options presented in the driver's "Manual Color Options" screen 80 are divided into two categories.
  • the first category 81-93 contains the settings labeled "Printed Color Control” 81 and "Halftoning” 90. These options can be selected on an object-by-object 41-43 basis; the object types in this case are text 85, graphics 86 and photos--or photo-like images--87.
  • the Printed Color Control 81 can be set for text 85 to a mode that is different from the mode or modes selected for graphics 86 and for photographic images or the like 87.
  • the Halftoning method 90 too can be different for the three different types of objects 85-87.
  • the second category 96, 97 contains the "Lightness” slider 96 and the "Lookup-Table Colors" (e.g., "Pantone Colors") mode control 97.
  • these options can be set only on a job-by-job basis. This means that the Lightness 96 and Lookup-Table mode 97 act upon the entire job regardless of what types of objects are in each job (or on each page of the job).
  • the driver adjusts the incoming red, green and blue (RGB) data by applying a "gamma” (contrast function) correction to produce adjusted RGB data as indicated in Table 1.
  • RGB red, green and blue
  • the color transfer functions of both the DJ 1200C and the PJ XL300 were characterized to create a lookup (e.g., Pantone® Color) table to be incorporated into the driver.
  • a lookup e.g., Pantone® Color
  • the driver checks all incoming RGB values against the key values provided by the lookup table. If there is an exact match, then the driver maps (i.e., translates) the incoming RGB value into the correct (as discerned by Pantone) RGB value to send to the printer--to produce the closest approximation of the Pantone color selected.
  • Tables 2 and 3 show the types of color matching (or "mapping” 82-84) and halftoning 21-27, 91, 92 (FIGS. 6 through 9) that are implemented in the driver 32 for the various user-selectable options or settings in this user-interface dialog 80. Following are definitions of the table entries.
  • HMS type color map 82 (FIG. 9)--This is a color-correction relationship used to boost the vibrancy of the hue associated with an input or given RGB value, as indicated by the designation "Vivid Color” in FIGS. 6 through 9.
  • CMYK Err Diff 22-- This "Halftoning" option utilizes a CMYK (cyan-magenta-yellow-black) "Error Diffusion” algorithm. This provides the highest-quality output (for photograph-like images only), but is the slowest halftoning method.
  • CMYK Error Diffusion 22 is disclosed in the above-mentioned application identified as Attorney Docket 1094210-1, filed concurrently with this document.
  • the selection between the two is based on the user-interface Print Quality 65 mode setting.
  • the High Quality 66 setting automatically selects CMYK Error Diffusion 22, whereas each of the Fast 68 and Normal 68 settings selects CV Noise 21.
  • the input to the entire system is twenty-four-bit RGB
  • the output is three-bit RGB sent to the printer.
  • the steps involved are: choosing one of the color maps (HMS/Vivid, Accurate, or none) and mapping the color to another twenty-four-bit RGB value--and then going on to halftoning methods.
  • preambles to halftoning are conversion 25 of the second twenty-four-bit RGB values to CV space, and some color processing 26in CV space; then the halftoning 27 is done in CV space.
  • the preferred embodiment performs the halftoning in RGB space.
  • the color-matching portion of the color path is always done in the driver 32.
  • the CV processing and halftoning 21-27, 91-93 are done either in the driver 32 or in the printer 56, depending on the type 41-43 of object being rendered.
  • Table 4 shows where objects of different types are rendered. All objects that are not already rendered in the application 31 (which is to say, most objects) are either rendered in the Windows driver or in the printer 56 firmware.
  • color processing is first done in the driver 32--this encompasses the Color Matching 81, Lightness slider 96, and Lookup-Table (Pantone) Colors 97 settings. Then the object is sent from the Windows driver to the printer with associated twenty-four-bit final RGB values.
  • the only objects that are rendered in the Windows driver are photograph-like images that use the Scatter halftoning 93, and all 24-bit photo-like images.
  • the reason the Scatter halftoning 93 is rendered in the driver is that not all printers support the Scatter mode 93; and the only way to support both Error Diffusion 22 and Noise dither 21 on all printers is to provide them in the driver.
  • the twenty-four-bit images are rendered in the driver regardless of the halftoning mode in order to minimize the amount of data sent over the printer interface.
  • Each twenty-four-bit RGB pixel is ordinarily halftoned down to three bits per pixel, which inherently provides an eight-to-one compression--in addition to the printer-command-line compression on those three-bit pixels.
  • color-correction options can be chosen for each object type independently of the halftoning method. This independent control of halftoning and color correction for each object gives the sophisticated user a multitude of options and thus very fine control of the quality and appearance of the printed output.
  • the invention provides an automatic default that produces the best quality output for most users of a particular printer--but also optional manual settings that can be changed by the more-demanding user.
  • another printout quality feature is preferably automatically implemented as a default in the printer system. For example, in conceiving the preferred embodiment it was determined that users prefer a particular error-diffusion halftoning 22 over other kinds of dither halftoning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Record Information Processing For Printing (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Color, Gradation (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
US08/189,006 1994-01-27 1994-01-27 Adaptive color rendering by an inkjet printer based on object type Expired - Lifetime US5704021A (en)

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US08/189,006 US5704021A (en) 1994-01-27 1994-01-27 Adaptive color rendering by an inkjet printer based on object type
EP95300494A EP0665676B1 (fr) 1994-01-27 1995-01-26 Système d'impression
DE69526275T DE69526275T2 (de) 1994-01-27 1995-01-26 Drucksystem
JP7031487A JPH07236066A (ja) 1994-01-27 1995-01-27 カラー・インクジェット・プリント方法

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