US5656701A - Polyurethane resins, process for producing the same, and uses thereof - Google Patents
Polyurethane resins, process for producing the same, and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5656701A US5656701A US08/148,359 US14835993A US5656701A US 5656701 A US5656701 A US 5656701A US 14835993 A US14835993 A US 14835993A US 5656701 A US5656701 A US 5656701A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- group
- polyurethane resin
- aqueous
- sub
- chain extender
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 25
- -1 diisocyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012939 laminating adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine group Chemical group NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N semicarbazide group Chemical group NNC(=O)N DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150108015 STR6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 abstract description 74
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000005026 oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009459 flexible packaging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical class O=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN=C=O FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001561902 Chaetodon citrinellus Species 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBVAQQYNSHJXBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid dihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NN IBVAQQYNSHJXBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZETYUTMSJWMKNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n',n'-trimethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CNCCCCCCN(C)C ZETYUTMSJWMKNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNGSVRYVWHOWLX-KHFUBBAMSA-N (1r,2s)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNGSVRYVWHOWLX-KHFUBBAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNVRDQORMVVQBI-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-but-2-enedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)NN SNVRDQORMVVQBI-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTCCVIYSGXONHU-CJHDCQNGSA-N (z)-2-(2-phenylethenyl)but-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(C(O)=O)\C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DTCCVIYSGXONHU-CJHDCQNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNOZGCICXAYKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)(C)N=C=O NNOZGCICXAYKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CN=C=O ATOUXIOKEJWULN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGCCQFLPXRAKPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydrazinylpropan-2-ylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC(C)CNN BGCCQFLPXRAKPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHENQXAPVKABON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)OC LHENQXAPVKABON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCNCCO MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNCTVKQVIMVWOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydrazinylethylhydrazine Chemical compound NNCCNN MNCTVKQVIMVWOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEWFQHAOPHWBPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenebutanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)CC(=C)C(=O)NN NEWFQHAOPHWBPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPGHPHFQNQIZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-ethylethane-1,1,2-triamine Chemical compound CCNCC(N)N SPGHPHFQNQIZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUZJZPMLAIYVGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-methylethane-1,1,2-triamine Chemical compound CNCC(N)N YUZJZPMLAIYVGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXSRRNYRGPTTNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(hydroxymethyl)pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(CO)CCO WXSRRNYRGPTTNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVHLUYZMNUCVJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloctane-4,4-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)(O)C(C)CC UVHLUYZMNUCVJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAYOIZBEXUHFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydrazinylbutylhydrazine Chemical compound NNCCCCNN ZAYOIZBEXUHFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNMDNPCBIKJCQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nonyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1,3,5-trien-2-ol Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C1=C2C(=C(C=C1)O)O2 RNMDNPCBIKJCQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003855 Adhesive Lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethyldiethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CC)CCO AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKXVJHDEWHKBFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN GKXVJHDEWHKBFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXIKYYJDTWKERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1CCC(CN)CC1 OXIKYYJDTWKERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKWQWOFXRCUIFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-dicarbohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NN IKWQWOFXRCUIFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCOMFAYPHBFMKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)CCC(=O)NN HCOMFAYPHBFMKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011353 cycloaliphatic epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FSDSKERRNURGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC1CC(O)CC(O)C1 FSDSKERRNURGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWLIYXJBOIDXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NN ZWLIYXJBOIDXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006159 dianhydride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXCHMDATRWUOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisocyanatomethylbenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(N=C=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JXCHMDATRWUOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SWRGUMCEJHQWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C(=O)NN SWRGUMCEJHQWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006226 ethylene-acrylic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNNOXWOITSQLHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazinylmethylhydrazine Chemical compound NNCNN MNNOXWOITSQLHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGYJSPMYALQHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)CCCC(=O)NN LGYJSPMYALQHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
- C08G18/0809—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing cationic or cationogenic groups
- C08G18/0814—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing cationic or cationogenic groups containing ammonium groups or groups forming them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
- C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
- C08G18/0823—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups containing carboxylate salt groups or groups forming them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/3819—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
- C08G18/3823—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing -N-C=O groups
- C08G18/3834—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing -N-C=O groups containing hydrazide or semi-carbazide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/102—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
- C08G2170/80—Compositions for aqueous adhesives
Definitions
- This invention relates to polyurethane resins, a process for producing the same and uses thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to polyurethane resins having at least one group selected from hydrazine groups, hydrazide groups and semicarbazide groups (hereinafter, the group of these functional groups is described as HYD. groups), in the molecule, a process for producing the same, aqueous ink compositions for plastic film using the same as binders, aqueous adhesive agents for film lamination and a method of making laminates using said ink and/or adhesives.
- HYD. groups semicarbazide groups
- laminated flexible packagings are currently used since direct contact of the contents with inks must be avoided to ensure utmost hygiene while impressing consumers with the high quality of printing.
- Lamination is carried out two methods described hereunder: extrusion lamination which comprises printing an ink on various plastic film bases, applying a primer coat on the printed surface as required, and then laminating a molten layer of polyolefin or the like; and adhesive lamination which comprises applying an adhesive to the printed surface, and then laminating a plastic film.
- extrusion lamination which comprises printing an ink on various plastic film bases, applying a primer coat on the printed surface as required, and then laminating a molten layer of polyolefin or the like
- adhesive lamination which comprises applying an adhesive to the printed surface, and then laminating a plastic film. Whichever method is adopted, inks to be used on the various kinds of plastic films to be laminated are required to adhere strongly not only to the base film but also to the film to be laminated.
- aqueous printing inks In contrast with such solvent-based laminating inks, the demand for the use of aqueous printing inks is also increasing today in consideration of various aspects including environmental problems, labor saving, occupational safety and food hygiene.
- aqueous printing inks generally exhibit low adhesion to plastic films and the peel strength of laminates; further, their adaptability for boiling and retorting is unsatisfactory.
- a first object, therefore, of the prevent invention is to provide a polyurethane resin having at least one of HYD. groups in the molecule.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous polyurethane resin that has said polyurethane resin dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier or that has free carboxyl groups or tertiary amino groups introduced into the molecule of said polyurethane resin, followed by dissolution or dispersion in an aqueous alkali or acid solution.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide processes for producing those polyurethane resins.
- a fourth object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous printing ink and an aqueous laminating adhesive for plastic film that use those aqueous polyurethane resins and, optionally, an epoxy resin.
- a fifth object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a laminated product using said aqueous printing ink and/or said aqueous laminating adhesive.
- the present invention relates to a polyurethane resin having a number average molecular weight of 2,000-200,000 that is prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound, a polymer diol compound, a chain extender and a terminator, characterized in that a chain extender and/or a terminator that have at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group is used to incorporate at least one of HYD. groups in the molecule of the polyurethane resin.
- said polyurethane resin has a molecular structure that is represented by the following general formula (1);
- UP 1 --UP n+2 that part of a urethane prepolymer which excludes a terminated isocyanate group, said prepolymer being prepared by reacting the organic diisocyanate compound with the polymer diol compound, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that UP 1 --UP n+2 may have the same or different structures;
- E 1 --E n+1 that part of the chain extender which excludes the functional groups having reacted with the isocyanate group, said chain extender having at least two functional groups capable of reaction with the isocyanate group, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that E 1 --E n+1 may have the same or different structures;
- T 1 , T 2 that part of the terminator which excludes the functional groups having reacted with the isocyanate group, said terminator having at least one functional group capable of reaction with the isocyanate group, provided that T 1 and T 2 may have the same or different structures;
- E 1 --E n+1 , T 1 and T 2 has at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group.
- the general formula (1) is a schematic presentation and shows only a straight-chained structure but it should be noted that the general formula (1) may partly contain a branched chain.
- the present invention also relates to an aqueous polyurethane resin that is prepared by dissolving or dispersing the above-defined polyurethane resin in water.
- the present invention further relates to processes for producing those polyurethane resins, as well as uses thereof.
- organic diisocyanate compound, polymer diol compound, chain extender and terminator that are to be used in the polyurethane resins of the present invention are first described below.
- the polyurethane resins of the present invention have at least one of HYD. groups introduced into the molecule using a chain extender and/or a terminator that have at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group; hence, the following description also covers such chain extender and terminator that have at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group.
- the resins are dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier or, alternatively, the polyurethane resins having free carboxyl groups are dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous alkali solution or, the polyurethane resins having tertiary amino groups are dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous acid solution.
- the following description also covers the polymer diol compound and chain extender containing a free carboxyl group or a tertiary amino group for introducing the free carboxyl group or tertiary amino group into the molecule of the polyurethane resins.
- organic diisocyanate compounds include aliphatic diisocyanate compounds such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, alicyclic diisocyanate compounds such as isophorone diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate and 4,4-cyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, aroaliphatic diisocyanate compounds such as xylylene diisocyanate and tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, and aromatic diisocyanate compounds such as toluylene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
- alicyclic or aroaliphatic diisocyanate compounds are preferred since they provide good adhesion to various kinds of films and insure efficient redissolution of aqueous printing inks.
- Exemplary polymer diol compounds include: polyester diols that are prepared by polycondensation of low-molecular weight diols (e.g., straight-chained glycols such as 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol, branched glycols such as 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol and ethylbutylpropanediol, and ether-base diols such as diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol) with dibasic acid compounds such as adipic acid and phthalic acid, or by the ring-opening reaction of cyclic ester compounds such as lactones.
- low-molecular weight diols e.g., straight-chained glycols such as 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanedio
- polyether diols that are prepared by homo- or copolymerizing ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, etc.
- polycarbonate diols that are prepared by reacting carbonate compounds (e.g., alkylene carbonates, diallyl carbonates and dialkyl carbonates) or phosgene with the above-mentioned low-molecular weight diol components, and polybutadiene glycols, etc, can be used.
- polymer diol compound having a free carboxyl group examples include those which are prepared by reacting the above-mentioned polymer diol components with tetrabasic acid dianhydrides such as pyromellitic dianhydride or by the ring-opening polymerization of lactones in the presence of dimethylolpropionic acid or other initiators.
- polymer diol compound having a tertiary amino group examples include those which are prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of alkylene oxides, lactones, etc. in the presence of an initiator selected from among amino containing diol compounds such as N-methyldiethanolamine.
- the polymer diol compounds that can preferably be used have molecular weights in the range from 500 to 4000.
- polyester diols and polycarbonate diols can preferable be used. If adaptability for boiling and retorting is necessary, polyester diols may be used with advantage.
- the chain extender that has at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group may be exemplified by polyamino hydrazine compounds that are represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR1## where R 1 is an alkylene group having 2 ⁇ 15 carbon atoms, that portion of an allcyclic or aromatic diamine having 6-15 carbon atoms which excludes the amino group, or that portion of a polyethylene polyamine having 3 ⁇ 5 nitrogen atoms which excludes the primary amino group; and R 2 is hydrogen or a methyl group.
- the chain extender of the general formula (2) can be prepared in accordance with a known method (as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8649/1991) that starts with forming a Michael addition compound between polyamine and a (meth)acrylic acid derivative and which then involves an ester exchange between hydrazine and the (meth)acrylic acid ester portion.
- polyamines that can be used in the synthesis of polyaminohydrazide include aliphatic diamines having 2-15 carbon atoms such as ethylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine and trimethylhexamethylenediamine, alicyclic or aromatic diamines having 6-15 carbon atoms such as diaminobenzene, xylylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminobicyclomethane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and isophoronediamine, as well as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylene-pentamine.
- aliphatic diamines having 2-15 carbon atoms such as ethylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine and trimethylhexamethylenediamine
- alicyclic or aromatic diamines having 6-15 carbon atoms such as diamin
- Exemplary (meth)acrylic acid derivatives include alkyl esters, hydroxyalkyl esters and aminoalkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. Among these compounds, acrylic acid derivatives are preferred in view of their high reactivity.
- Exemplary chain extenders having a tertiary amino group include N-alkyldialkanolamine compounds such as N-methyldiethanolamine and N-ethyldiethanolamine, and N-alkyldiaminoalkylamine compounds such as N-methyldiaminoethylamine and N-ethyldiaminoethylamine.
- a chain extender having a free carboxyl group may be used to produce aqueous polyurethane resins.
- chain extender include compounds represented by the following general formula (3) ##STR2## (where R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms), aliphatic carboxylic acid containing diols that are formed by reacting succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, etc. with lower triols, and aromatic carboxylic acid containing diols that are formed by reacting phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride with lower triols, or pyromellitic anhydride with lower diols.
- chain extenders include glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, aliphatic diamines such as ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine and aminoethylethanolamine, aliphatic polyols such as glycerin, 1,2,3-trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol, allcyclic polyols such as 1,3,5-cyclohexanetriol, and aliphatic polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine.
- branches may occasionally form in the molecule of polyurethane.
- the reaction is terminated with terminator.
- the first example of terminator is one having at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group, such as the polyaminohydrazide described above, and the other compounds may also be used, as exemplified by hydrazine (generally used as hydrazine hydrate), as well as alkylenedihydrazines or dihydrazide compounds of saturated aliphatic dibasic acids or unsaturated dibasic acids that are represented by the following general formula (4):
- X is an alkylene group having 1-8 carbon atoms or a saturated or unsaturated dibasic acid residue having 1-10 carbon atoms).
- alkylenedihydrazine examples include methylenedihydrazine, ethylenedihydrazine, propylenedihydrazine and butylenedihydrazine.
- dihydrazide compound of a saturated aliphatic dibasic acid examples include oxalic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, succinic acid dihydrazide, glutaric acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide and sebacic acid dihydrazide.
- dihydrazide compound of an unsaturated dibasic acid include phthalic acid dihydrazide, fumaric acid dihydrazide and itaconic acid dihydrazide.
- terminator examples include alkylamines such as n-propylamine, n-butylamine and N,N-di-n-butylamine, alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine and diethanolamine, and monoalcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
- alkylamines such as n-propylamine, n-butylamine and N,N-di-n-butylamine
- alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine and diethanolamine
- monoalcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
- the chain extenders described before may also be used as the terminator.
- organic diisocyanate compound polymer diol compound, chain extender and the terminator are used to produce the polyurethane resin by the following procedure.
- the process starts with reacting the organic diisocyanate compound with the polymer diol compound at a molar ratio (diisocyanate/polymer diol) of (1.3/1.0-3.0/1.0), preferably (1.5/1.0-2.0/1.0) to synthesize a urethane prepolymer. Then, the chain extender is added in an amount 0.5-0.95 times the equivalent amount of the residual isocyanate group, optionally in the presence of a solvent, a catalyst and the like, and reaction is carried out at a temperature of 30°-140° C.; thereafter, the reaction of the residual isocyanate groups is stopped with the terminator to complete the process of production of the polyurethane resin.
- the polyurethane resin produced by this method is characterized in that individual molecules are substantially uniform in structure; in addition, the molecular distribution of the polyurethane resin are so narrow that it is preferably used as a binder resin for inks or as an adhesive.
- the same compound may be used as both the chain extender and the terminator so that chain extension and terminating of the reaction are performed simultaneously; alternatively, the chain extender and the terminator which is different from the extender may be added in the same batch.
- the polyurethane resin can also be produced by feeding in the same batch the organic diisocyanate compound, polymer diol compound, chain extender, terminator and, optionally, a catalyst and a solvent.
- the organic diisocyanate compound polymer diol compound
- chain extender chain extender
- terminator optionally, a catalyst and a solvent.
- the polyurethane resins that are produced from the materials described above by the method that is also described above have molecular weights of 2,000-200,000, preferably from 10,000 to 100,000. If the molecular weight of the polyurethane resins is less than 2,000, the resin's film lacks elasticity and toughness. If the molecular weight of the polyurethane resins exceeds 200,000, the aqueous polyurethane resins as dissolved in the aqueous alkali or acid solution to be described hereinafter will become highly viscous; in the case of the aqueous polyurethane resins as dispersed in the aqueous alkali or acid solution or in water in the presence of an emulsifier, the dispersion stability will decrease.
- the first method to be adopted comprises dispersing the polyurethane resin in water in the presence of an emulsifier.
- This method can be implemented by two approaches; in one approach, the urethane prepolymer prepared by reacting the organic diisocyanate compound with the polymer diol compound is dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier and then are extended with the chain extender and the reaction is terminated by means of the terminator.
- the urethane prepolymer is dissolved in a water-miscible solvent such as acetone or methyl acetate and chains in the prepolymer are extended with the chain extender and the reaction is terminated by means of the terminator; thereafter, the reaction product is mixed with water containing an emulsifier and the solvent is distilled off.
- a water-miscible solvent such as acetone or methyl acetate
- emulsifiers examples include anionic surfactants such as higher alcohol sulfate ester salts, alkylbenzenesulfonate salts and polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate ester salts, and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenylethers and sorbitan derivatives. These emulsifiers can be used either alone or in admixtures.
- the polyurethane resin can be dispersed in water irrespective of whether the molecule of the polyurethane resin contains or does not contain a carboxyl group or a tertiary amino group.
- the second method to be adopted for rendering the polyurethane resin to be aqueous comprises dissolving or dispersing said resin in an aqueous alkali solution.
- the polymer diol compound or chain extender that have a free carboxyl group must be used.
- the polyurethane resin must have the acid value more than 5 to be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous alkali solution. If the acid value of the polyurethane resin is less than 5, it is difficult for the resulting aqueous polyurethane resin to maintain a stable dispersed state by itself in the aqueous system. If the acid value of the polyurethane resin exceeds 100, the formed film will become too hard to provide satisfactory physical properties. Hence, the content of the carboxyl group in the polymer diol compound or chain extender must be properly adjusted in accordance with the specific use of the polyurethane resin and the required performance.
- Alkali compounds that are to be used in aqueous solution include ammonia, organic amines and alkali metal hydroxides.
- organic amines include alkylamines such as diethylamine, triethylamine and ethylenediamine, and alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, ethylethanolamine and diethylethanolamine.
- alkali metal hydroxides include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- the third method to obtain the aqueous polyurethane resin comprises dissolving or dispersing the resin in an aqueous acid solution.
- the polymer diol compound and/or chain extender that have a tertiary amino group must be used.
- the polyurethane resin must have the amine value more than 10 to be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous acid solution. If the amine value of the polyurethane resin is less than 10, it is difficult for the resulting aqueous polyurethane resin to maintain a stable dispersed state in the aqueous system. If the amine value of the polyurethane resin exceeds 40, the resin's film that is formed will become too hard to provide satisfactory physical properties. Hence, the content of the tertiary amino group in the polymer diol compound or chain extender must be properly adjusted in accordance with the specific use of the polyurethane resin and the required performance.
- Acids that are to be used in aqueous solution include inorganic and organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid.
- the solids content of the aqueous polyurethane resins described hereinabove is advantageously in the range from 5 to 50 wt %. If the solids content of the aqueous polyurethane resin is less than 5 wt %, the concentration of the resin is so low that its use is limited. If the solids content of the aqueous polyurethane resin exceeds 50 wt %, it is difficult for the resin to be efficiently dissolved or dispersed in water.
- the aqueous polyurethane resin of the present invention can be used as a binder for aqueous printing ink compositions.
- the aqueous printing ink composition according to the present invention comprises a pigment, an aqueous binder resin, water and a water-miscible solvent as an optional component and this ink composition is intended for use on plastic films.
- the pigment may be selected from among inorganic pigments, organic pigments and fillers that are commonly used in printing inks, paints and the like.
- the pigment is advantageously used in amounts ranging from 5 to 60 wt % of the ink composition.
- the aqueous binder resin contains as the essential component the aqueous polyurethane resin which is specified herein; this aqueous polyurethane resin may be dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier or it may be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous alkali or acid solution, and either type or aqueous binder resin may be used in the present invention.
- the aqueous printing ink composition of the present invention may contain an epoxy resin as a crosslinking component and this contributes to the manufacture of laminated products that have better adaptability for boiling or retorting.
- Examples of the useful epoxy resin include the bisphenol-epichlorohydrin epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, novolak epoxy resins, epoxy olefinic resins, polyolglycidyl epoxy resins, epoxidized soybean oil and silane epoxy resins.
- epoxy resins those which will not dissolve or disperse in water on their own may be added after being forcibly emulsified in water with the aid of an emulsifier.
- a polyurethane resin that is specified herein and which also contains in the molecule a carboxyl group that is directly bonded to the aromatic ring.
- the polyurethane resin which is specified herein and the epoxy resin are mixed typically at a weight ratio of 99:1-50:50 (polyurethane resin: epoxy resin), preferably at a weight ratio in the range from 95:5 to 60:40.
- various other aqueous resins may be added as exemplified by cellulosic resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, styrene-maleic acid based resins, ethylene-acrylic acid based resins, and polyurethane resins that do not have HYD. groups in the molecule.
- aqueous binder resins are preferably used in such amounts that the solids content of the resin is in the range from 5 to 30 wt % of the ink composition.
- water-miscible solvents such as lower alcohols or alkoxypropanols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and methoxypropanol), as well as various additives including anti-blocking agents, defoamers and crosslinking agents other than epoxy resins.
- a aqueous printing ink composition by a process that comprises first mixing a pigment with the aqueous binder resin under agitation, then blending the ingredients of the mixture in a conventional disperser, further adding predetermined components, and finally mixing all ingredients to homogeneity.
- aqueous polyurethane resin of the present invention is as an aqueous laminating adhesive.
- the aqueous polyurethane resin of the present invention can be immediately used as a aqueous laminating adhesive after it is dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous acid or alkali solution.
- the aqueous polyurethane resin of the present invention may be used in combination with an epoxy resin that is selected from among the epoxy resins that have been listed hereinabove as crosslinking components of the aqueous printing ink composition.
- the polyurethane resin specified herein may preferably be selected from among those which have in the molecule a carboxyl group that is directly bonded to the aromatic ring.
- the aqueous polyurethane resin specified herein is mixed with the epoxy resin at a weight ratio that typically ranges from 99:1 to 50:50 (polyurethane resin: epoxy resin), preferably from 95:5 to 60:40. If the mixing ratio of the epoxy resin exceeds 50:50, adhesive strength will drop to an undesirably low level.
- the aqueous ink composition of the present invention can be printed on various kinds of plastic films such as polyolefin, modified polyolefin, polyester, nylon and polystyrene films. It is particularly preferable to print on plastic films that have been subjected to corona discharge treatment or surface coating treatments.
- the aqueous ink composition of the present invention can be printed by flexographic or gravure printing techniques with known flexographic or gravure presses.
- the printed matter thus produced may be worked into laminates by either extrusion laminating or adhesive laminating processes.
- the aqueous laminating adhesive of the present invention or any one of the conventionally used primer coat including titanium, isocyanate, imine and polybutadiene base compounds is applied to the surface of the printed matter and a molten polymer is laminated by means of a known extrusion laminating machine; if desired, the molten resin may be overlaid with another material (ex. aluminum foil), thus producing a sandwich structure in which the molten resin forms an intermediate layer.
- the resin to be melted in the extrusion laminating process may be selected from among conventionally used resins such as low-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polypropylene.
- resins such as low-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polypropylene.
- the low density polyethylene which is oxidized upon melting to increase the change of the generation of carbonyl groups is preferred since the advantages of the present invention are attained with higher efficiency.
- the aqueous laminating adhesive of the present invention or any one of the conventionally used adhesives including aqueous solvent based and solvent free isocyanate compounds is applied to the surface of the printed matter and a polymer film is bonded by means of a known adhesive laminating machine.
- the polymer film to be used in the adhesive laminating process may be selected from the films of polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. Particularly in the case of making laminates that are to be retorted, hot water resistance may be imparted by sandwiching an aluminum foil between the base and the plastic film.
- the aqueous ink is preferably used in combination with a aqueous or solvent-free adhesive.
- laminates produced by the methods described above have not only high strength but also good adaptability for boiling and retorting. If the aqueous printing ink composition and aqueous laminating adhesive of the present invention are used in combination, laminates can be produced that have the added advantage of assuring safety, hygiene and environment friendliness.
- the aqueous polyurethane resin that is specified herein and which has at least one HYD. groups in the molecule exhibit strong adhesion to various kinds of plastic films and it is particularly useful on plastic films that have been subjected to corona discharge and other treatments to have keto groups formed on the surface. This would be explained as follows: only a weak interaction (ex. chemical adsorption) works between the conventional polyurethane resin and the surface of a plastic film; in contrast, a very strong bonding force due to the dehydrative condensation reaction between the HYD. groups and the keto group works between the polyurethane resin of the present invention and the surface of a plastic film.
- the polyethylene to be used in the extrusion laminating process is oxidized with oxygen in air to generate keto groups in the molecule while it is thermally melted and laminated on the printed surface; thus, for the same reason as stated above in connection with surface treated polymer films, laminates having very high strength can be produced.
- the printing ink that uses the polyurethane resin of the present invention exhibits good adhesion to various kinds of plastic films and enables the production of very strong laminates.
- the polyurethane resin of the present invention does not have any functional groups in the molecule that will react with HYD. groups and, hence, no crosslinking will occur either intramolecule or intermolecule and this offers the advantage that the ink that uses the polyurethane resin as a binder can be stored for a prolonged time without experiencing any drop in fluidity and capability for redissolution.
- an epoxy resin may be added as a crosslinking agent immediately before printing is done with the aqueous ink composition of the present invention; in this case, a crosslinking reaction occurs between the epoxy and polyurethane resins after printing, whereby a marked improvement is achieved in resistance to both heat and water, thus making it possible to produce laminates having good adaptability for boiling and retorting.
- a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a N 2 gas introducing tube and a dropping funnel were charged with 158.3 parts of trimethylhexamethylenediamine, which was heated at 45° C. while N 2 gas was introduced; thereafter, 100 parts of ethyl acrylate that had been heated at 45°-50° C. was added dropwise over 90 min.
- the resulting reaction product was warmed at 45° C. for 7 h until the reaction was completed. Then, 50 parts of a hydrazine hydrate that had been heated at 50° C. was added, followed by heating at 65° C. to perform reaction for 5 h until a composition of compound A was yielded.
- a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser and a N 2 gas introducing tube was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 2 h while N 2 was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was added and the reaction was continued at 80°-90° C. for 2 h.
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N 2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 34.2 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 80°-90° C. for 2 h.
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2.parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N 2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 part of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N 2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 92.0 parts of the solution of compound B was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polyester diol (monomer unit: neopenty adipate) having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N 2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
- polyester diol monomer unit: neopenty adipate
- reaction mixture was cooled to 100° C. and 1002 parts of water and 31.9 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further 41.8 parts of adipic dihydrazide was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 6 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 20.7, neutralization rate: 100%)
- Example 1 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polycarbonate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyante, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N 2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 6 h while N 2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was added and the reaction was continued at 80°-90° C. for 2 h. After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 1137 parts of water and 21.2 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 22.3 parts of the composition of compound A was fed to perform chain extension, followed by feeding 3.7 parts of monoethanolamine to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 8 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 21.3, neutralization rate: 100%)
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N 2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 148 parts of the solution of compound B was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
- reaction mixture was cooled to 100° C. and 1199 parts of water and 26 parts of triethylamine were added to make an aqueous system; further, 22.2 parts of the composition of compound A was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 9 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane: 27.1, neutralization rate: 100%)
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 32.7 parts of pyromellitic anhydride, and reaction was performed at 85°-90° C. for 2 h; thereafter, 53.3 parts of isophorone diisocyanate was added and the reaction was continued at 60°-70° C. for 4 h while N 2 gas was introduced.
- Example 1 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 500 parts of polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 222 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 80°-90° C. for 4 h while N 2 gas was introduced.
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h; subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
- Example 2 Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 800 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 138.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h; subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
- solution sample Nos. 1-7 and 11-13 of aqueous polyurethane resin as prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, were mixed with a pigment under agitation for 30 min in a Red Devil type disperser; other predetermined materials were added to prepare laminating aqueous printing ink samples identified as Nos. 1-7, 9-12 and five comparative samples (Comp. Nos. 1-5).
- Laminating aqueous printing ink sample No. 8 was prepared as follows: 14 parts of a pigment, 1 part of a pigment dispersant BYK-181 (BYK Corp.) and 50 parts of dispersion sample No. 1 of aqueous polyurethane resin were stirred in a Red Devil type disperser and 35 parts of water was further added.
- the pigment used was Fastgen Blue 5212SD (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.), and the epoxy resin was diglycerin diglycidyl ether (Nagase Kasei Co., Ltd.; epoxy equivalent, 155).
- solution sample Nos. 2 and 8-13 of aqueous polyurethane resin as prepared in Examples 2 and 8-10 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were mixed with epoxy resin A or B under agitation in accordance with the formulae shown in Table 4, whereby aqueous laminating adhesive samples identified under Nos. 1-8 and comparative samples identified under Comp. Nos. 1-5 were prepared.
- Epoxy resin A was bisphenol A diglycldyl ether (Yuka Shell Epoxy Co. Ltd.; epoxy equivalent, 190), and epoxy resin B was triglycidyl trimethylolpropane (Sakamoto Yakuhin Industry Co., Ltd.; epoxy equivalent, 101).
- Aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1-12 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were evaluated for adhesive strength, the peel strength of extrusion laminate, the peel strength of adhesive laminate, as well as adaptabilities for boiling and retorting, and the results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 1-8 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were evaluated for the peel strength of extrusion laminate, the peel strength of adhesive laminate, as well as adaptabilities for boiling and retorting. The results are shown in Table. 5.
- OPP means oriented polypropylene (Toyobo Co., Ltd.; P-2161, 30 ⁇ m), "PET” polyethylene terephthalate (Toyobo Co., Ltd.; E-5102, 12 ⁇ m), "NY” nylon (Unitika Ltd.; Emblem, 15 ⁇ m), and "CPP” casted polypropylene (Toray Industries, Ltd.; 60 ⁇ m).
- the primer coat used in testing the peel strength of extrusion laminate on aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1-12 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were an imine-based primer coat (Toyo Morton Co., Ltd.; EL-420) and an isocyanate base primer coat (Toyo Morton; EL-433A/C).
- the adhesives used in testing the peel strength of adhesive laminates on the same samples were aqueous laminating adhesive sample No. 7 and an organic solvent-base isocyanate base adhesive (Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.; Takenate A-385/Takerak A-50).
- Test method Aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1-12 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were printed on corona-discharged OPP films in a proof press; adhesive tape was applied over the printed surface and quickly pulled off; the adhesive strength of ink was evaluated in terms of the amount of peel of the printed layer from the OPP film.
- Aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1-12 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were printed on OPP films in a proof press and, thereafter, an imine base primer coat was applied and overlaid with molten polyethylene on an extrusion laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates.
- aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1, 2, 4-7 and 9-12, as well as Comp. Nos. 2-5 were printed on PET or NY films in a proof press and, thereafter, an isocyanate base primer coat was applied and overlaid with molten polyethylene on an extrusion laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates.
- aqueous printing ink sample No. 10 was printed on OPP, PET or NY films; thereafter, aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 1-8 were applied and overlaid with molten polyethylene on an extrusion laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates.
- aqueous laminating adhesive sample No. 7 and an organic solvent-based isocyanate base adhesive were applied to the same printed matter as used in the test for the peel strength of extrusion laminates, and the adhesive layers were overlaid with CPP film on an adhesive laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates.
- aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 1-8 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were applied to the sample printed matter as used in the test for the peel strength of extrusion laminates, and the adhesive layers were overlaid with CPP film on an adhesive laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates.
- Test method In the test on aqueous printing inks, the adhesive laminates made from the PET films printed with aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 9-12 and Comp. Nos. 4 and 5 were formed into bags; in the test on aqueous laminating adhesives, the adhesive laminates made from the PET films printed with aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 5-8, as well as the adhesive laminates made from the PET films printed with aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 5-8 and Comp. Nos. 4 and 5 were formed into bags; the bags thus formed were filled with a mixture of water and oil, sealed and heated in hot water at 90° C. for 30 min to evaluate the adaptability for boiling; or the bags were heated in pressurized hot water at 120° C. for 30 min to evaluate the adaptability for retorting. The results were rated in view of the appearance of laminates (i.e., the presence or absence of delamination).
- the aqueous polyurethane resin specified by the present invention can be used as binder resins in aqueous printing ink compositions or as aqueous laminating adhesives.
- the aqueous printing ink compositions that use this aqueous polyurethane resin exhibit satisfactory adhesion to various kinds of plastic films.
- the laminates produced by the combined use of that ink composition with the aqueous laminating adhesive are totally aqueous and exhibit high strength; at the same time, they have good adaptabilities for boiling and retorting.
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Abstract
The improved polyurethane resin has a number average molecular weight of 2,000-200,000 and is prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound, a polymer diol compound, a chain extender and a terminator. It is characterized by having at least one group selected from hydrazine groups, hydrazide groups and semicarbazide groups in the molecule. The polyurethane resin can be produced using a chain extender and/or a terminator that have at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group. This polyurethane resin can be dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier or by first introducing free carboxyl groups into the molecule of the resin and then dissolving or dispersing it in an aqueous alkali solution or by first introducing tertiary amino groups into the molecule of the resin and then dissolving or dispersing it in an aqueous acid solution. The water-based polyurethane resin can be used either as a binder for water-based printing inks or as a water-based laminating adhesive. The water-based printing ink and/or the water-based laminating adhesive of the present invention can be used for laminates producing.
Description
This invention relates to polyurethane resins, a process for producing the same and uses thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to polyurethane resins having at least one group selected from hydrazine groups, hydrazide groups and semicarbazide groups (hereinafter, the group of these functional groups is described as HYD. groups), in the molecule, a process for producing the same, aqueous ink compositions for plastic film using the same as binders, aqueous adhesive agents for film lamination and a method of making laminates using said ink and/or adhesives.
With the increasing use of versatile flexible packagings, there has arisen a need to provide high performance printing inks, various coating agents, and adhesives that are applied for decorative, surface protecting, or other purposes. Consider, for example, the printing inks for use on plastic films, they are required to exhibit much better performance than conventional versions in various aspects such as printability, adhesion to various kinds of films, antiblocking properties, and gloss.
Particularly in the food packaging industry, laminated flexible packagings are currently used since direct contact of the contents with inks must be avoided to ensure utmost hygiene while impressing consumers with the high quality of printing. Lamination is carried out two methods described hereunder: extrusion lamination which comprises printing an ink on various plastic film bases, applying a primer coat on the printed surface as required, and then laminating a molten layer of polyolefin or the like; and adhesive lamination which comprises applying an adhesive to the printed surface, and then laminating a plastic film. Whichever method is adopted, inks to be used on the various kinds of plastic films to be laminated are required to adhere strongly not only to the base film but also to the film to be laminated.
One application of laminated flexible packagings that is growing today involves boiling or retorting in hot water so as to cook or sterilize the contents thereof; in this case, the flexible packagings must withstand boiling or retorting without suffering from delamination.
Since the various aspects of ink performance depend primarily upon the performance of binder resins, solvent-based laminating using polyurethane resins as binders have heretofore been used extensively; those inks exhibit not only strong adhesion to various kinds of films but also good adaptability for laminating.
In contrast with such solvent-based laminating inks, the demand for the use of aqueous printing inks is also increasing today in consideration of various aspects including environmental problems, labor saving, occupational safety and food hygiene. However, aqueous printing inks generally exhibit low adhesion to plastic films and the peel strength of laminates; further, their adaptability for boiling and retorting is unsatisfactory.
Under these circumstances, the assignee previously filed Japanese Patent Application No. 354568/1991, in which they proposed an aqueous laminating printing ink for use as a binder in an aqueous polyurethane resin containing a polycarbonate diol as a diol component and which was improved in adhesion to various plastic films and peel strength of laminates. Flexible packagings produced by using such aqueous laminating inks can be used to make bags for packaging dry foods but it does not have sufficient adaptability for making bags that can withstand boiling or retorting.
The assignee also filed Japanese Patent Application No. 317425/1992, in which they proposed a method for improving the adhesion to various plastic films and the peel strength of laminates by using, as an ink binder resin, an acrylic copolymer that had functional groups capable of reaction with a hydrazine group or a hydrazide group introduced into the molecule, and hydrazinc compounds as a crosslinking agent, said agent with those functional groups and carbonyl groups that developed on the film surface by subsequent surface treatment. However, compared to inks using polyurethane-base binder resins that can be used and, hence, the printing inks used in this method are poor in pigment dispersability and printability; furthermore, during storage, the binder resins will crosslink with the crosslinking agents to lower their fluidity and capability for redissolution. As another problem, there is no guarantee for the occurrence of positive crosslinking said agents with the binder resins and the film surface, and this has often caused nonuniformity in adhesion and the peel strength of laminates.
Thus, no aqueous printing inks have yet been commercialized that are satisfactory not only in adhesion to various kind of plastic films but also in the peel strength of laminates, as well as in adapatability for boiling and retorting.
The advent of aqueous primer coat or adhesives is desired to insure that laminated flexible packagings are totally consisted of water, thereby achieving occupational safety and food hygiene; however, no acceptable products have yet been commercialized.
A first object, therefore, of the prevent invention is to provide a polyurethane resin having at least one of HYD. groups in the molecule.
A second object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous polyurethane resin that has said polyurethane resin dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier or that has free carboxyl groups or tertiary amino groups introduced into the molecule of said polyurethane resin, followed by dissolution or dispersion in an aqueous alkali or acid solution.
A third object of the present invention is to provide processes for producing those polyurethane resins.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous printing ink and an aqueous laminating adhesive for plastic film that use those aqueous polyurethane resins and, optionally, an epoxy resin.
A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a laminated product using said aqueous printing ink and/or said aqueous laminating adhesive.
Stated more specifically, the present invention relates to a polyurethane resin having a number average molecular weight of 2,000-200,000 that is prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound, a polymer diol compound, a chain extender and a terminator, characterized in that a chain extender and/or a terminator that have at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group is used to incorporate at least one of HYD. groups in the molecule of the polyurethane resin. In a preferred case, said polyurethane resin has a molecular structure that is represented by the following general formula (1);
T.sub.1 --(UP.sub.1 --E.sub.1)-- . . . --(UP.sub.n+1 --E.sub.n+1)--UP.sub.n+2 --T.sub.2 ( 1)
where UP1 --UPn+2 : that part of a urethane prepolymer which excludes a terminated isocyanate group, said prepolymer being prepared by reacting the organic diisocyanate compound with the polymer diol compound, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that UP1 --UPn+2 may have the same or different structures;
E1 --En+1 : that part of the chain extender which excludes the functional groups having reacted with the isocyanate group, said chain extender having at least two functional groups capable of reaction with the isocyanate group, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that E1 --En+1 may have the same or different structures;
T1, T2 : that part of the terminator which excludes the functional groups having reacted with the isocyanate group, said terminator having at least one functional group capable of reaction with the isocyanate group, provided that T1 and T2 may have the same or different structures; and
-- : the bond that has been formed by reaction between the isocyanate group and the functional group capable of reaction with said isocyanate group:
provided that at least one of E1 --En+1, T1 and T2 has at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group.
The general formula (1) is a schematic presentation and shows only a straight-chained structure but it should be noted that the general formula (1) may partly contain a branched chain.
The present invention also relates to an aqueous polyurethane resin that is prepared by dissolving or dispersing the above-defined polyurethane resin in water.
The present invention further relates to processes for producing those polyurethane resins, as well as uses thereof.
To being with, the organic diisocyanate compound, polymer diol compound, chain extender and terminator that are to be used in the polyurethane resins of the present invention are first described below.
The polyurethane resins of the present invention have at least one of HYD. groups introduced into the molecule using a chain extender and/or a terminator that have at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group; hence, the following description also covers such chain extender and terminator that have at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group. Further, when one wants to use the polyurethane resins of the present invention as aqueous printing inks or aqueous laminating adhesives, the resins are dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier or, alternatively, the polyurethane resins having free carboxyl groups are dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous alkali solution or, the polyurethane resins having tertiary amino groups are dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous acid solution. Hence, the following description also covers the polymer diol compound and chain extender containing a free carboxyl group or a tertiary amino group for introducing the free carboxyl group or tertiary amino group into the molecule of the polyurethane resins.
First, the organic diisocyanate compound is discussed. Exemplary organic diisocyanate compounds include aliphatic diisocyanate compounds such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, alicyclic diisocyanate compounds such as isophorone diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate and 4,4-cyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, aroaliphatic diisocyanate compounds such as xylylene diisocyanate and tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, and aromatic diisocyanate compounds such as toluylene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Among these compounds alicyclic or aroaliphatic diisocyanate compounds are preferred since they provide good adhesion to various kinds of films and insure efficient redissolution of aqueous printing inks.
Exemplary polymer diol compounds include: polyester diols that are prepared by polycondensation of low-molecular weight diols (e.g., straight-chained glycols such as 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol, branched glycols such as 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol and ethylbutylpropanediol, and ether-base diols such as diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol) with dibasic acid compounds such as adipic acid and phthalic acid, or by the ring-opening reaction of cyclic ester compounds such as lactones. Other examples include polyether diols that are prepared by homo- or copolymerizing ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, etc., as well as polycarbonate diols that are prepared by reacting carbonate compounds (e.g., alkylene carbonates, diallyl carbonates and dialkyl carbonates) or phosgene with the above-mentioned low-molecular weight diol components, and polybutadiene glycols, etc, can be used.
Examples of the polymer diol compound having a free carboxyl group include those which are prepared by reacting the above-mentioned polymer diol components with tetrabasic acid dianhydrides such as pyromellitic dianhydride or by the ring-opening polymerization of lactones in the presence of dimethylolpropionic acid or other initiators.
Examples of the polymer diol compound having a tertiary amino group include those which are prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of alkylene oxides, lactones, etc. in the presence of an initiator selected from among amino containing diol compounds such as N-methyldiethanolamine.
The polymer diol compounds that can preferably be used have molecular weights in the range from 500 to 4000.
If one wants to use the polyurethane resins of the present invention as binders in printing inks and the like, from the view of obtaining a resin which has good adhesion to plastic film and high adaptability for making laminates, polyester diols and polycarbonate diols can preferable be used. If adaptability for boiling and retorting is necessary, polyester diols may be used with advantage.
We next discuss the chain extender that is used for extending the chains of the urethane prepolymer.
To being with, the chain extender that has at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group may be exemplified by polyamino hydrazine compounds that are represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR1## where R1 is an alkylene group having 2˜15 carbon atoms, that portion of an allcyclic or aromatic diamine having 6-15 carbon atoms which excludes the amino group, or that portion of a polyethylene polyamine having 3˜5 nitrogen atoms which excludes the primary amino group; and R2 is hydrogen or a methyl group.
The chain extender of the general formula (2) can be prepared in accordance with a known method (as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8649/1991) that starts with forming a Michael addition compound between polyamine and a (meth)acrylic acid derivative and which then involves an ester exchange between hydrazine and the (meth)acrylic acid ester portion.
Examples of the polyamine that can be used in the synthesis of polyaminohydrazide include aliphatic diamines having 2-15 carbon atoms such as ethylenediamine, butylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine and trimethylhexamethylenediamine, alicyclic or aromatic diamines having 6-15 carbon atoms such as diaminobenzene, xylylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminobicyclomethane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and isophoronediamine, as well as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylene-pentamine.
Exemplary (meth)acrylic acid derivatives include alkyl esters, hydroxyalkyl esters and aminoalkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. Among these compounds, acrylic acid derivatives are preferred in view of their high reactivity.
Exemplary chain extenders having a tertiary amino group include N-alkyldialkanolamine compounds such as N-methyldiethanolamine and N-ethyldiethanolamine, and N-alkyldiaminoalkylamine compounds such as N-methyldiaminoethylamine and N-ethyldiaminoethylamine.
A chain extender having a free carboxyl group may be used to produce aqueous polyurethane resins. Examples of such chain extender include compounds represented by the following general formula (3) ##STR2## (where R3 is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms), aliphatic carboxylic acid containing diols that are formed by reacting succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, etc. with lower triols, and aromatic carboxylic acid containing diols that are formed by reacting phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride with lower triols, or pyromellitic anhydride with lower diols.
Other useful chain extenders include glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, aliphatic diamines such as ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine and aminoethylethanolamine, aliphatic polyols such as glycerin, 1,2,3-trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol, allcyclic polyols such as 1,3,5-cyclohexanetriol, and aliphatic polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine.
If compounds having at least three functional groups capable of reaction with the isocyanate group are used as chain extenders, branches may occasionally form in the molecule of polyurethane.
We next discuss the terminator.
After the urethane prepolymer are extended with the chain extender, the reaction is terminated with terminator.
The first example of terminator is one having at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group, such as the polyaminohydrazide described above, and the other compounds may also be used, as exemplified by hydrazine (generally used as hydrazine hydrate), as well as alkylenedihydrazines or dihydrazide compounds of saturated aliphatic dibasic acids or unsaturated dibasic acids that are represented by the following general formula (4):
H.sub.2 N--NH--X--NH--NH.sub.2 (4)
(where X is an alkylene group having 1-8 carbon atoms or a saturated or unsaturated dibasic acid residue having 1-10 carbon atoms).
Specific examples of the alkylenedihydrazine include methylenedihydrazine, ethylenedihydrazine, propylenedihydrazine and butylenedihydrazine. Specific examples of the dihydrazide compound of a saturated aliphatic dibasic acid include oxalic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, succinic acid dihydrazide, glutaric acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide and sebacic acid dihydrazide. Specific examples of the dihydrazide compound of an unsaturated dibasic acid include phthalic acid dihydrazide, fumaric acid dihydrazide and itaconic acid dihydrazide.
Other useful terminator include alkylamines such as n-propylamine, n-butylamine and N,N-di-n-butylamine, alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine and diethanolamine, and monoalcohols such as methanol and ethanol. The chain extenders described before may also be used as the terminator.
The above-described organic diisocyanate compound, polymer diol compound, chain extender and the terminator are used to produce the polyurethane resin by the following procedure.
The process starts with reacting the organic diisocyanate compound with the polymer diol compound at a molar ratio (diisocyanate/polymer diol) of (1.3/1.0-3.0/1.0), preferably (1.5/1.0-2.0/1.0) to synthesize a urethane prepolymer. Then, the chain extender is added in an amount 0.5-0.95 times the equivalent amount of the residual isocyanate group, optionally in the presence of a solvent, a catalyst and the like, and reaction is carried out at a temperature of 30°-140° C.; thereafter, the reaction of the residual isocyanate groups is stopped with the terminator to complete the process of production of the polyurethane resin.
The polyurethane resin produced by this method is characterized in that individual molecules are substantially uniform in structure; in addition, the molecular distribution of the polyurethane resin are so narrow that it is preferably used as a binder resin for inks or as an adhesive.
If desired, the same compound may be used as both the chain extender and the terminator so that chain extension and terminating of the reaction are performed simultaneously; alternatively, the chain extender and the terminator which is different from the extender may be added in the same batch.
The polyurethane resin can also be produced by feeding in the same batch the organic diisocyanate compound, polymer diol compound, chain extender, terminator and, optionally, a catalyst and a solvent. However, in this case, it is difficult to control the molecular structures of the polyurethane resin and its molecular weight and that resin can not be ensure the same performance; hence, the use of the product polyurethane resin is limited.
The polyurethane resins that are produced from the materials described above by the method that is also described above have molecular weights of 2,000-200,000, preferably from 10,000 to 100,000. If the molecular weight of the polyurethane resins is less than 2,000, the resin's film lacks elasticity and toughness. If the molecular weight of the polyurethane resins exceeds 200,000, the aqueous polyurethane resins as dissolved in the aqueous alkali or acid solution to be described hereinafter will become highly viscous; in the case of the aqueous polyurethane resins as dispersed in the aqueous alkali or acid solution or in water in the presence of an emulsifier, the dispersion stability will decrease.
In the process of reaction involving the polyurethane resin of the present invention, it cannot be said that the chain extender or terminator that have at least one hydrazinc group or hydrazide group are distributed uniformly in all molecules of the polyurethane resin; however, the performance required by the present invention is achieved if the polyurethane resin has at least one of HYD. groups on average per molecule.
We next describe the methods to dissolve or disperse the polyurethane resin of the present invention in water. The first method to be adopted comprises dispersing the polyurethane resin in water in the presence of an emulsifier. This method can be implemented by two approaches; in one approach, the urethane prepolymer prepared by reacting the organic diisocyanate compound with the polymer diol compound is dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier and then are extended with the chain extender and the reaction is terminated by means of the terminator. In the other approach, the urethane prepolymer is dissolved in a water-miscible solvent such as acetone or methyl acetate and chains in the prepolymer are extended with the chain extender and the reaction is terminated by means of the terminator; thereafter, the reaction product is mixed with water containing an emulsifier and the solvent is distilled off.
Examples of the emulsifier that can be used in this method include anionic surfactants such as higher alcohol sulfate ester salts, alkylbenzenesulfonate salts and polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate ester salts, and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenylethers and sorbitan derivatives. These emulsifiers can be used either alone or in admixtures.
By this method, the polyurethane resin can be dispersed in water irrespective of whether the molecule of the polyurethane resin contains or does not contain a carboxyl group or a tertiary amino group.
The second method to be adopted for rendering the polyurethane resin to be aqueous comprises dissolving or dispersing said resin in an aqueous alkali solution. To implement this method, the polymer diol compound or chain extender that have a free carboxyl group must be used.
The polyurethane resin must have the acid value more than 5 to be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous alkali solution. If the acid value of the polyurethane resin is less than 5, it is difficult for the resulting aqueous polyurethane resin to maintain a stable dispersed state by itself in the aqueous system. If the acid value of the polyurethane resin exceeds 100, the formed film will become too hard to provide satisfactory physical properties. Hence, the content of the carboxyl group in the polymer diol compound or chain extender must be properly adjusted in accordance with the specific use of the polyurethane resin and the required performance.
Alkali compounds that are to be used in aqueous solution include ammonia, organic amines and alkali metal hydroxides. Specific examples of organic amines include alkylamines such as diethylamine, triethylamine and ethylenediamine, and alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, ethylethanolamine and diethylethanolamine. Specific examples of alkali metal hydroxides include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
The third method to obtain the aqueous polyurethane resin comprises dissolving or dispersing the resin in an aqueous acid solution. To implement this method, the polymer diol compound and/or chain extender that have a tertiary amino group must be used.
The polyurethane resin must have the amine value more than 10 to be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous acid solution. If the amine value of the polyurethane resin is less than 10, it is difficult for the resulting aqueous polyurethane resin to maintain a stable dispersed state in the aqueous system. If the amine value of the polyurethane resin exceeds 40, the resin's film that is formed will become too hard to provide satisfactory physical properties. Hence, the content of the tertiary amino group in the polymer diol compound or chain extender must be properly adjusted in accordance with the specific use of the polyurethane resin and the required performance.
Acids that are to be used in aqueous solution include inorganic and organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid.
The solids content of the aqueous polyurethane resins described hereinabove is advantageously in the range from 5 to 50 wt %. If the solids content of the aqueous polyurethane resin is less than 5 wt %, the concentration of the resin is so low that its use is limited. If the solids content of the aqueous polyurethane resin exceeds 50 wt %, it is difficult for the resin to be efficiently dissolved or dispersed in water.
The alkali or acid to dissolve or disperse the polyurethane resin in water is used in an amount 0.15-1.2 times the equivalent amount (neutralization rate=100%) which is necessary to neutralize the polyurethane resin. If the use of the alkali or acid is less than 0.15 times the equivalent amount, it becomes difficult for the polyurethane resin to be effectively dispersed in water. If desired, the alkali or acid may be used in excess of 1.2 times the equivalent amount; however, the effectiveness of the alkali or acid to dissolve or disperse the polyurethane resin in water will not differ greatly from the case where they are used in an amount 1.2 times the equivalent amount.
We next describe the uses of the polyurethane resin of the present invention. First, the aqueous polyurethane resin of the present invention can be used as a binder for aqueous printing ink compositions. The aqueous printing ink composition according to the present invention comprises a pigment, an aqueous binder resin, water and a water-miscible solvent as an optional component and this ink composition is intended for use on plastic films.
The pigment may be selected from among inorganic pigments, organic pigments and fillers that are commonly used in printing inks, paints and the like. The pigment is advantageously used in amounts ranging from 5 to 60 wt % of the ink composition.
The aqueous binder resin contains as the essential component the aqueous polyurethane resin which is specified herein; this aqueous polyurethane resin may be dispersed in water in the presence of an emulsifier or it may be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous alkali or acid solution, and either type or aqueous binder resin may be used in the present invention.
The aqueous printing ink composition of the present invention may contain an epoxy resin as a crosslinking component and this contributes to the manufacture of laminated products that have better adaptability for boiling or retorting.
Examples of the useful epoxy resin include the bisphenol-epichlorohydrin epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, novolak epoxy resins, epoxy olefinic resins, polyolglycidyl epoxy resins, epoxidized soybean oil and silane epoxy resins.
Among these epoxy resins, those which will not dissolve or disperse in water on their own may be added after being forcibly emulsified in water with the aid of an emulsifier.
From the viewpoint of reactivity with the epoxy resin, it is more preferable to use a polyurethane resin that is specified herein and which also contains in the molecule a carboxyl group that is directly bonded to the aromatic ring.
In the case under consideration, the polyurethane resin which is specified herein and the epoxy resin are mixed typically at a weight ratio of 99:1-50:50 (polyurethane resin: epoxy resin), preferably at a weight ratio in the range from 95:5 to 60:40.
With a view to improving other aspects of the ink performance, various other aqueous resins may be added as exemplified by cellulosic resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, styrene-maleic acid based resins, ethylene-acrylic acid based resins, and polyurethane resins that do not have HYD. groups in the molecule.
These aqueous binder resins are preferably used in such amounts that the solids content of the resin is in the range from 5 to 30 wt % of the ink composition.
Depending upon the need for other aspects of ink performance, it is possible to incorporate water-miscible solvents such as lower alcohols or alkoxypropanols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and methoxypropanol), as well as various additives including anti-blocking agents, defoamers and crosslinking agents other than epoxy resins.
Using the materials listed above, one can produce a aqueous printing ink composition by a process that comprises first mixing a pigment with the aqueous binder resin under agitation, then blending the ingredients of the mixture in a conventional disperser, further adding predetermined components, and finally mixing all ingredients to homogeneity.
Another use of the aqueous polyurethane resin of the present invention is as an aqueous laminating adhesive. The aqueous polyurethane resin of the present invention can be immediately used as a aqueous laminating adhesive after it is dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous acid or alkali solution. For imparting better adaptability for boiling and retorting, the aqueous polyurethane resin of the present invention may be used in combination with an epoxy resin that is selected from among the epoxy resins that have been listed hereinabove as crosslinking components of the aqueous printing ink composition. From the viewpoint of reactivity with epoxy resins, the polyurethane resin specified herein may preferably be selected from among those which have in the molecule a carboxyl group that is directly bonded to the aromatic ring.
In the case under consideration, the aqueous polyurethane resin specified herein is mixed with the epoxy resin at a weight ratio that typically ranges from 99:1 to 50:50 (polyurethane resin: epoxy resin), preferably from 95:5 to 60:40. If the mixing ratio of the epoxy resin exceeds 50:50, adhesive strength will drop to an undesirably low level.
We next describe the method of lamination using the aqueous ink composition and/or aqueous laminating adhesive according to the present invention. The aqueous ink composition of the present invention can be printed on various kinds of plastic films such as polyolefin, modified polyolefin, polyester, nylon and polystyrene films. It is particularly preferable to print on plastic films that have been subjected to corona discharge treatment or surface coating treatments. The aqueous ink composition of the present invention can be printed by flexographic or gravure printing techniques with known flexographic or gravure presses.
The printed matter thus produced may be worked into laminates by either extrusion laminating or adhesive laminating processes. When applying the extrusion laminating process, the aqueous laminating adhesive of the present invention or any one of the conventionally used primer coat including titanium, isocyanate, imine and polybutadiene base compounds is applied to the surface of the printed matter and a molten polymer is laminated by means of a known extrusion laminating machine; if desired, the molten resin may be overlaid with another material (ex. aluminum foil), thus producing a sandwich structure in which the molten resin forms an intermediate layer.
The resin to be melted in the extrusion laminating process may be selected from among conventionally used resins such as low-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polypropylene. Among these resins, the low density polyethylene which is oxidized upon melting to increase the change of the generation of carbonyl groups is preferred since the advantages of the present invention are attained with higher efficiency.
When applying the adhesive laminating process, the aqueous laminating adhesive of the present invention or any one of the conventionally used adhesives including aqueous solvent based and solvent free isocyanate compounds is applied to the surface of the printed matter and a polymer film is bonded by means of a known adhesive laminating machine.
The polymer film to be used in the adhesive laminating process may be selected from the films of polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. Particularly in the case of making laminates that are to be retorted, hot water resistance may be imparted by sandwiching an aluminum foil between the base and the plastic film.
In order to produce laminates using a completely aqueous ink and adhesive so that there will be no problems in safety, hygiene and environmental aspects, the aqueous ink is preferably used in combination with a aqueous or solvent-free adhesive.
The laminates produced by the methods described above have not only high strength but also good adaptability for boiling and retorting. If the aqueous printing ink composition and aqueous laminating adhesive of the present invention are used in combination, laminates can be produced that have the added advantage of assuring safety, hygiene and environment friendliness.
The aqueous polyurethane resin that is specified herein and which has at least one HYD. groups in the molecule exhibit strong adhesion to various kinds of plastic films and it is particularly useful on plastic films that have been subjected to corona discharge and other treatments to have keto groups formed on the surface. This would be explained as follows: only a weak interaction (ex. chemical adsorption) works between the conventional polyurethane resin and the surface of a plastic film; in contrast, a very strong bonding force due to the dehydrative condensation reaction between the HYD. groups and the keto group works between the polyurethane resin of the present invention and the surface of a plastic film.
The polyethylene to be used in the extrusion laminating process is oxidized with oxygen in air to generate keto groups in the molecule while it is thermally melted and laminated on the printed surface; thus, for the same reason as stated above in connection with surface treated polymer films, laminates having very high strength can be produced.
Hence, despite its aqueous nature, the printing ink that uses the polyurethane resin of the present invention exhibits good adhesion to various kinds of plastic films and enables the production of very strong laminates.
The polyurethane resin of the present invention does not have any functional groups in the molecule that will react with HYD. groups and, hence, no crosslinking will occur either intramolecule or intermolecule and this offers the advantage that the ink that uses the polyurethane resin as a binder can be stored for a prolonged time without experiencing any drop in fluidity and capability for redissolution.
If desired, an epoxy resin may be added as a crosslinking agent immediately before printing is done with the aqueous ink composition of the present invention; in this case, a crosslinking reaction occurs between the epoxy and polyurethane resins after printing, whereby a marked improvement is achieved in resistance to both heat and water, thus making it possible to produce laminates having good adaptability for boiling and retorting.
On the pages that follow, the present invention is described in greater detail with reference to working examples but it should be noted that those examples are by no means limiting. In the following synthesis examples, working examples and comparative examples, all "parts" and "percentages" are by weight unless otherwise noted.
A four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a N2 gas introducing tube and a dropping funnel were charged with 158.3 parts of trimethylhexamethylenediamine, which was heated at 45° C. while N2 gas was introduced; thereafter, 100 parts of ethyl acrylate that had been heated at 45°-50° C. was added dropwise over 90 min.
The resulting reaction product was warmed at 45° C. for 7 h until the reaction was completed. Then, 50 parts of a hydrazine hydrate that had been heated at 50° C. was added, followed by heating at 65° C. to perform reaction for 5 h until a composition of compound A was yielded.
Equipment of the same construction as used in Synthesis Example 1 was charged with 148 parts of phthalic arthydride, 134 parts of trimethylolpropane and 300 parts of dried 2-methylpyrrolidone and the mixture was heated at 80° C. to initiate reaction, which was performed until the anhydride group disappeared, thus yielding a solution of compound B.
A four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser and a N2 gas introducing tube was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 2 h while N2 was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was added and the reaction was continued at 80°-90° C. for 2 h. After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 1137 parts of water and 21.2 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 28.1 parts of the composition of compound A was fed to perform chain extension, followed by feeding 3.7 parts of monoethanolamine to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 1 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 20.9, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 34.2 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 80°-90° C. for 2 h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 1134 parts of water and 26 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 28 parts of the composition of compound A was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 2 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 29.8, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 6 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 30.4 parts of N-methyldiethanolamine was fed and the reaction was continued at 80°-90° C. for 3 h. After confirming the completion of reaction of N-methyldiethanolamine, 1124 parts of water and 15 parts of acetic acid were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 28 parts of the composition of compound A was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 3 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (amine value of this polyurethane resin: 31.9, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2.parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 part of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 943.7 parts of water and 16 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 12 parts of hydrazinc hydrate was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 4 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 22.2, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 92.0 parts of the solution of compound B was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of compound B (aromatic carboxylic acid containing diol compound) in solution, 1121 parts of water and 16 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further 14.2 parts of hydrated hydrazinc was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 5 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 18.3, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polyester diol (monomer unit: neopenty adipate) having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, the reaction mixture was cooled to 100° C. and 1002 parts of water and 31.9 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further 41.8 parts of adipic dihydrazide was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 6 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 20.7, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polycarbonate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyante, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 943.7 parts of water and 16 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further 12 parts of hydrated hydrazine was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 7 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 22.2, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 6 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was added and the reaction was continued at 80°-90° C. for 2 h. After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 1137 parts of water and 21.2 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 22.3 parts of the composition of compound A was fed to perform chain extension, followed by feeding 3.7 parts of monoethanolamine to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 8 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 21.3, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 148 parts of the solution of compound B was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of compound B (aromatic carboxylic acid containing diol compound) in solution, the reaction mixture was cooled to 100° C. and 1199 parts of water and 26 parts of triethylamine were added to make an aqueous system; further, 22.2 parts of the composition of compound A was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 9 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane: 27.1, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 32.7 parts of pyromellitic anhydride, and reaction was performed at 85°-90° C. for 2 h; thereafter, 53.3 parts of isophorone diisocyanate was added and the reaction was continued at 60°-70° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced.
Subsequently, 912 parts of water and 30.3 parts of triethylamine were added to make an aqueous system; further, 3.3 parts of ethylenediamine and 3.6 parts of hydrazinc hydrate were fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 10 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 42.9, neutralization rate: 100%).
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 500 parts of polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 222 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 80°-90° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced.
Subsequently, 200 parts of acetone was added to make a solution, and a liquid mixture of isopropanol (100 parts) and ethylenedlamine (18 parts) was added, followed by stirring at 30° C. for 10 min, addition of hydrazinc hydrate (20 parts) and stirring at 30° C. for 1 h.
A stirred mixture of water (1360 parts) and polyoxyethylene nonyl phenol ether (150 parts: ethylene oxide added in 25 moles) was added to make an aqueous system; thereafter, acetone was distilled off to yield dispersion sample No. 1 of an aqueous polyurethane resin.
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h; subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 1130 parts of water and 16 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 14.7 parts of monoethanolamine was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 11 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 21.9, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Example 1 was charged with 800 parts of polybutylene glycol adipate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 138.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h; subsequently, 24.1 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2 h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 1130 parts of water and 16 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 14.7 parts of monoethanolamine was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 12 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 21.9, neutralization rate: 100%)
Equipment of the same construction as used in Synthesis Example 1 was charged with 300 parts of polycarbonate diol having an average molecular weight of 1000 and 133.2 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, and reaction was performed at 100°-105° C. for 4 h while N2 gas was introduced. Subsequently, 52.3 parts of dimethylolpropionic acid was fed and the reaction was continued at 100°-110° C. for 2h.
After confirming the completion of reaction of dimethylolpropionic acid, 1180 parts of water and 16 parts of triethylamine were fed to make an aqueous system; further, 14.7 parts of monoethanolamine was fed to terminate the reaction, whereby solution sample No. 13 of an aqueous polyurethane resin was yielded. (acid value of this polyurethane resin: 21.9, neutralization rate: 100%)
In accordance with the formulae listed in Table 1, solution sample Nos. 1-7 and 11-13 of aqueous polyurethane resin as prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, were mixed with a pigment under agitation for 30 min in a Red Devil type disperser; other predetermined materials were added to prepare laminating aqueous printing ink samples identified as Nos. 1-7, 9-12 and five comparative samples (Comp. Nos. 1-5). Laminating aqueous printing ink sample No. 8 was prepared as follows: 14 parts of a pigment, 1 part of a pigment dispersant BYK-181 (BYK Corp.) and 50 parts of dispersion sample No. 1 of aqueous polyurethane resin were stirred in a Red Devil type disperser and 35 parts of water was further added.
The pigment used was Fastgen Blue 5212SD (Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.), and the epoxy resin was diglycerin diglycidyl ether (Nagase Kasei Co., Ltd.; epoxy equivalent, 155).
In a separate run, solution sample Nos. 2 and 8-13 of aqueous polyurethane resin as prepared in Examples 2 and 8-10 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were mixed with epoxy resin A or B under agitation in accordance with the formulae shown in Table 4, whereby aqueous laminating adhesive samples identified under Nos. 1-8 and comparative samples identified under Comp. Nos. 1-5 were prepared.
Epoxy resin A was bisphenol A diglycldyl ether (Yuka Shell Epoxy Co. Ltd.; epoxy equivalent, 190), and epoxy resin B was triglycidyl trimethylolpropane (Sakamoto Yakuhin Industry Co., Ltd.; epoxy equivalent, 101).
Aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1-12 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were evaluated for adhesive strength, the peel strength of extrusion laminate, the peel strength of adhesive laminate, as well as adaptabilities for boiling and retorting, and the results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
Aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 1-8 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were evaluated for the peel strength of extrusion laminate, the peel strength of adhesive laminate, as well as adaptabilities for boiling and retorting. The results are shown in Table. 5.
The methods of evaluation and the criteria for evaluation were as follows, in which "OPP" means oriented polypropylene (Toyobo Co., Ltd.; P-2161, 30 μm), "PET" polyethylene terephthalate (Toyobo Co., Ltd.; E-5102, 12 μm), "NY" nylon (Unitika Ltd.; Emblem, 15 μm), and "CPP" casted polypropylene (Toray Industries, Ltd.; 60 μm).
The primer coat used in testing the peel strength of extrusion laminate on aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1-12 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were an imine-based primer coat (Toyo Morton Co., Ltd.; EL-420) and an isocyanate base primer coat (Toyo Morton; EL-433A/C). The adhesives used in testing the peel strength of adhesive laminates on the same samples were aqueous laminating adhesive sample No. 7 and an organic solvent-base isocyanate base adhesive (Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.; Takenate A-385/Takerak A-50).
The same films were used in the evaluations of both aqueous printing inks and water-based laminating adhesives.
Test method: Aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1-12 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were printed on corona-discharged OPP films in a proof press; adhesive tape was applied over the printed surface and quickly pulled off; the adhesive strength of ink was evaluated in terms of the amount of peel of the printed layer from the OPP film.
Criteria: A, No part of the printed layer was pulled off the film; B, Less than 20% in area of the printed layer was pulled off the film; C, At least 20% in area of the printed layer pulled off the film; D, From 20% to less than 50% in area of the printed layer was pulled off the film; D, At least 50% in area of the printed layer was pulled off the film.
Test method: Aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1-12 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were printed on OPP films in a proof press and, thereafter, an imine base primer coat was applied and overlaid with molten polyethylene on an extrusion laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates. In a separate run, aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 1, 2, 4-7 and 9-12, as well as Comp. Nos. 2-5 were printed on PET or NY films in a proof press and, thereafter, an isocyanate base primer coat was applied and overlaid with molten polyethylene on an extrusion laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates. In still another run, aqueous printing ink sample No. 10 was printed on OPP, PET or NY films; thereafter, aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 1-8 were applied and overlaid with molten polyethylene on an extrusion laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates.
These laminates were left to stand at 40° C. for 3 days, cut to 15-mm widths and measured for T-type peel strength on a peel tester of Yasuda Seiki K. K.
Method of evaluation: Measured values of peel strength (g/15 mm) were noted.
Test method: In the test on aqueous printing inks, aqueous laminating adhesive sample No. 7 and an organic solvent-based isocyanate base adhesive were applied to the same printed matter as used in the test for the peel strength of extrusion laminates, and the adhesive layers were overlaid with CPP film on an adhesive laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates. In the test on aqueous laminating adhesives, aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 1-8 and Comp. Nos. 1-5 were applied to the sample printed matter as used in the test for the peel strength of extrusion laminates, and the adhesive layers were overlaid with CPP film on an adhesive laminating machine, thereby preparing laminates.
These laminates were left to stand at 40° C. for 3 days, cut to 15-mm width and measured for T-type peel strength on a peel tester of Yasuda Seiki K. K.
Method of evaluation: In the test on aqueous printing inks, the measured values of peel strength (g/15 mm) on the laminates coated with aqueous laminating adhesive sample No. 7 were noted as "peel strength of adhesive laminate (1)", and the measured values of peel strength (g/15 mm) on the laminates coated with the organic solvent-base isocyanate base adhesive were noted as "peel strength of adhesive laminate (2)" In the test on aqueous laminating adhesives, the measured values of peel strength (g/15 mm) were noted.
Adaptabilities for boiling and retorting
Test method: In the test on aqueous printing inks, the adhesive laminates made from the PET films printed with aqueous printing ink sample Nos. 9-12 and Comp. Nos. 4 and 5 were formed into bags; in the test on aqueous laminating adhesives, the adhesive laminates made from the PET films printed with aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 5-8, as well as the adhesive laminates made from the PET films printed with aqueous laminating adhesive sample Nos. 5-8 and Comp. Nos. 4 and 5 were formed into bags; the bags thus formed were filled with a mixture of water and oil, sealed and heated in hot water at 90° C. for 30 min to evaluate the adaptability for boiling; or the bags were heated in pressurized hot water at 120° C. for 30 min to evaluate the adaptability for retorting. The results were rated in view of the appearance of laminates (i.e., the presence or absence of delamination).
Criteria: In the test on aqueous printing inks, the adaptabilities for boiling and retorting of the laminates coated with aqueous laminating adhesive sample No. 7 were noted as "Adaptability for boiling (1)" and "Adaptability for retorting (1)", respectively, whereas the adaptabilities for boiling and retorting of the laminates coated with the organic solvent-base isocyanate-base adhesive were noted as "Adaptability for boiling (2)" and "Adaptability for retorting (2)", respectively. In the test on aqueous laminating adhesives, the adaptability for boiling of the extrusion laminates, as well as the adaptabilities for boiling and retorting of the dry laminates were evaluated in view of appearance by the following criteria: A, No delaminating occurred; B, Delamination occurred as pinholes; C, Delamination occurred all over the surface.
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
Formulae of Aqueous Printing Inks
Ink No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
11
12
Comp. 1
Comp. 2
Comp. 3
Comp.
Comp. 5
Aqueous polyurethane resin No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 5 7 11 12 13 12 13
__________________________________________________________________________
Ink Aqueous
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50 50 50 50 50
formula
polyurethane
(wt %)
resin solution
Pigment
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14 14 14 14 14
Isopropanol
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
Epoxy resin
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
2
2
2
2
-- -- -- 2 2
Water 34
34
34
34
34
34
34
32
32
32
32
34 34 34 32 32
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2
__________________________________________________________________________
Results of Evaluation of Aqueous Printing Inks and Laminates
Ink No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Comp. 1
Comp. 2
Comp. 3
Adhesive Strength
A A A A A A A D D B
__________________________________________________________________________
Peel strength
OPP
210
220
150
190
200
100
210
5 15 30
of extrusion
PET
500
500
-- 500
500
500
500
-- 150 290
laminate
NY 500
500
-- 500
500
500
500
-- 190 300
Peel strength
OPP
190
200
220
190
200
200
210
20 50 150
of adhesive
PET
500
250
-- 310
500
300
370
-- 250 250
laminate (1)
NY 500
300
-- 360
500
420
500
-- 260 310
Peel strength
OPP
190
200
200
220
210
200
180
20 50 100
of adhesive
PET
500
300
-- 270
500
330
500
-- 240 300
laminate (2)
NY 500
440
-- 400
500
360
500
-- 300 300
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3
______________________________________
Results of Evaluation of Aqueous Printing Inks and Laminates
Ink No.
9 10 11 12 Comp. 4
Comp. 5
Adhesive strength
A A A A D B
______________________________________
Peel strength
OPP 210 240 200 220 15 30
of extrusion
PET 500 500 500 500 150 210
laminate
NY 500 500 500 500 260 300
Peel strength
OPP 190 190 210 220 50 140
of adhesive
PET 500 320 430 500 250 290
laminate (1)
NY 500 500 500 500 80 330
Peel strength
OPP 200 210 220 220 50 160
of adhesive
PET 500 310 500 500 300 300
laminate (2)
NY 500 500 500 500 310 340
Adaptability
PET A A A A C B
for boiling
(1)
Adaptability
PET A A A A C B
for boiling
(2)
Adaptability
PET A A A A C B
for retorting
(1)
Adaptability
PET A A A A C B
for retorting
(2)
______________________________________
TABLE 4
__________________________________________________________________________
Formulae of Aqueous Laminating Adhesives
Adhesive No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Comp. 1
Comp. 2
Comp. 3
Comp.
Comp. 5
Aqueous polyurethane resin solution No.
2 8 9 10 2 2 2 2 11 12 13 12 13
__________________________________________________________________________
Adhesive
Content of aqueous
100
100
100
100
93 93 89 77 100 100 100 89 89
formula
polyurethane resin
(wt %)
solution
Content of epoxy
-- -- -- -- 7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
resin A
Content of epoxy
-- -- -- -- -- 7 11 23 -- -- -- 11 11
resin B
Polyurethane resin/epoxy resin
80/20
80/20
70/30
70/30
80/20
80/20
70/30
50/50
100/0
100/0
100/0
70/30
70/30
weight ratio as ratio as solids
content
__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 5
__________________________________________________________________________
Results of Evaluation of Aqueous Laminating Adhesives
Adhesive No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Comp. 1
Comp. 2
Comp. 3
Comp.
Comp.
__________________________________________________________________________
5
Extrusion
Peel strength
OPP
190
200
210
190
220
230
200
200
-- -- -- -- --
laminate
of laminate
PET
450
500
480
490
500
500
520
480
-- -- -- -- --
NY 500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
-- -- -- -- --
Adaptability for
-- -- -- -- B B A A -- -- -- -- --
boiling
Adhesive
Peel strength
OPP
150
210
240
220
200
170
190
210
30 50 50 50 70
laminate
of laminate
PET
460
500
500
460
500
480
320
500
50 100 140 90 100
NY 500
500
500
500
500
460
500
500
150 90 100 100 100
Adaptability for
-- -- -- -- A A A A -- -- -- C C
boiling
Adaptability for
-- -- -- -- B B A A -- -- -- C C
retorting
__________________________________________________________________________
As described above specifically with reference to working examples, the aqueous polyurethane resin specified by the present invention can be used as binder resins in aqueous printing ink compositions or as aqueous laminating adhesives. The aqueous printing ink compositions that use this aqueous polyurethane resin exhibit satisfactory adhesion to various kinds of plastic films. The laminates produced by the combined use of that ink composition with the aqueous laminating adhesive are totally aqueous and exhibit high strength; at the same time, they have good adaptabilities for boiling and retorting.
Claims (19)
1. In a polyurethane resin having a number average molecular weight of 2,000-200,000 and molecular structure represented by the following general formula (1):
T.sub.1 --(UP.sub.1 --E.sub.1)-- . . . --(UP.sub.n+1 --E.sub.n+1)--UP.sub.n+2 --T.sub.2 ( 1)
wherein
UP1, UP2 . . . Upn+2 is that part of a urethane prepolymer which excludes a terminated isocyanate group, said prepolymer being prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound with a polymer diol compound, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that UP1, UP2 . . . UPn+2 have the same or different structures;
E1, E2 . . . En+1 is that part of a chain extender which excludes the functional groups reacted with the isocyanate group, said chain extender having at least two functional groups capable of reacting with the isocyanate group, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that E1, E2 . . . En+1 have the same or different structures;
T1 and T2 is that part of a terminator which excludes the functional groups reacted with the isoyanate group, said terminator having at least one functional group capable of reacting with the isocyanate group, provided that T1 and T2 have the same or different structure; and
-- is the bond that has been formed by reaction between the isocyanate group and the functional group capable of reacting with said isocyanate group;
wherein said polyurethane resin represented by general formula (1) is prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound, a polymer diol compound, at least one chain extender and a terminator, the improvement wherein said at least one chain extender is a polyaminohydrazide represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR3## wherein R1 is an alkylene group having 2-15 carbon atoms, that portion of an alicyclic or aromatic diamine having 6-15 carbon atoms which excludes the amino group, or that portion of a polyethylene polyamine having 3-5 nitrogen atoms which excludes a primary amino group; and
R2 is hydrogen or a methyl group;
such that at least one hydrazide group is incorporated into said polyurethane resin.
2. In a polyurethane resin having a number average molecular weight of 2,000-200,000 and molecular structure represented by the following general formula (1):
T.sub.1 --(UP.sub.1 --E.sub.1)-- . . . --(UP.sub.n+1 --E.sub.n+1)--UP.sub.n+2 --T.sub.2 ( 1)
wherein
UP1, UP2 . . . Upn+2 is that part of a urethane prepolymer which excludes a terminated isoyanate group, said prepolymer being prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound with a polymer diol compound, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that UP1, UP2 . . . Upn+2 have the same or different structures;
E1, E2 . . . En+1 is that part of a chain extender which excludes the functional groups reacted with the isocyanate group, said chain extender having at least two functional groups capable of reacting with the isocyanate group, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that E1, E2 . . . En+1 have the same or different structures;
T1 and T2 is a residue of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrazines, alkylenedihydrazines, alkylenedihydrazides and polyaminohydrazines; and
-- is the bond that has been formed by reaction between the isocyanate group and the functional group capable of reacting with said isocyanate group;
wherein said polyurethane resin represented by general formula (1) is prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound, a polymer diol compound, a chain extender, and at least one terminator, the improvement wherein said at least one terminator is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrazines, alkylenedihydrazines, alkylenedihydrazides and polyaminohydrazides represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR4## wherein R1 is an alkylene group having 2-15 carbon atoms, that portion of an alicyclic or aromatic diamine having 6-15 carbon atoms which excludes the amino group, or that portion of a polyethylene polyamine having 3-5 nitrogen atoms which excludes a primary amino group; and
R2 is hydrogen or a methyl group;
such that at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrazine group, a hydrazide group, and a semicarbazide group is incorporated into said polyurethane resin.
3. An aqueous polyurethane resin prepared by dispersing the polyurethane resin of claims 1 or 2 in water in an amount of 5-50 wt % as a solids content in the presence of an emulsifier.
4. An aqueous polyurethane resin prepared by dissolving or dispersing the polyurethane resin of claim 1 or 2 in an aqueous alkali solution in an amount of 5-50 wt % as a solids content, said polyurethane resin having an acid value of 5-100 and wherein compound the polymer diol has at least one free carboxyl group and/or the chain extender has at least one free carboxyl group, the amount of alkali in said aqueous solution being 0.15-1.2 times the equivalent amount necessary to achieve neutralization.
5. An aqueous polyurethane resin prepared by dissolving or dispersing the polyurethane resin of claim 1 or 2 in an aqueous alkali solution in an amount of 5-50 wt % as a solids content, said polyurethane resin having an acid value of 5-100 and wherein compound the polymer diol has at least one free carboxyl group directly bonded to the aromatic ring and/or the chain extender has at least one free carboxyl group directly bonded to the aromatic ring, the amount of alkali in said aqueous solution being 0.15-1.2 times the equivalent amount necessary to achieve neutralization.
6. An aqueous polyurethane resin according to claim 4, in which dimethylolpropionic acid is the chain extender and in which triethylamine is the alkali.
7. An aqueous polyurethane resin prepared by dissolving or dispersing the polyurethane resin of claim 1 or 2 in an aqueous acid solution in an amount of 5-50 wt % as a solids content, said polyurethane resin having an amino value of 10-40 and wherein a the polymer diol compound has a tertiary amino group and/or the chain extender has a tertiary amino group, the amount of acid in said aqueous solution being 0.15-1.2 times the equivalent amount necessary to achieve neutralization.
8. An aqueous polyurethane resin according to claim 7 wherein N-methyldiethanolamine is the chain extender and in which acetic acid is the acid.
9. An aqueous printing ink composition for use on plastic films that comprises a pigment, water and a binder resin, said binder resin being the polyurethane resin of claim 1 or 2.
10. An aqueous printing ink composition for use on plastic films according to claim 9 which further contains a water-soluble or a water-reducible epoxy resin, the weight ratio of the solids content of said aqueous polyurethane resin to that of the epoxy resin being in the range from 99:1 to 50:50.
11. An aqueous laminating adhesive containing the polyurethane resin of claim 1 or 2.
12. An aqueous laminating adhesive according to claim 11 which further contains a water-soluble or a water-reducible epoxy resin, the weight ratio of the solids content of said aqueous polyurethane resin to that of the epoxy resin being from 99:1 to 50:50.
13. A process for producing a laminate that comprises printing the aqueous printing ink of claim 9 on a plastic film, then applying an adhesive and optionally a primer coat to the printed surface, and thereafter laminating a molten polymer or a polymer film thereon.
14. A process for producing a laminate that comprises printing the aqueous printing ink of claim 10 on a plastic film, then applying an adhesive and optionally a primer coat to the printed surface, and thereafter laminating a molten polymer or a polymer film thereon.
15. A process for producing a laminate that comprises printing the aqueous printing ink of claim 9 on a plastic film, then applying the water-based laminating adhesive containing the water-based polyurethane resin having a number average molecular weight of 2,000-200,000 prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound, a polymer diol compound, a chain extender and a terminator, wherein the chain extender and/or the terminator has at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group to incorporate at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydrazine group, a hydrazide group, and a semicarbazide group into the molecule of the polyurethane resin, to the printed surface, and thereafter laminating a molten polymer or a polymer film.
16. A process for producing a laminate that comprises printing the aqueous printing ink of claim 9 on a plastic film, then applying the water-based laminating adhesive containing the water-based polyurethane resin having a number average molecular weight of 2,000-200,000. prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound, a polymer diol compound, a chain extender and a terminator, wherein the chain extender and/or the terminator has at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group to incorporate at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydrazine group, a hydrazide group, and a semicarbazide group into the molecule of the polyurethane resin and further containing a water-soluble or a water-reducible epoxy resin, the weight ratio of the solids content of said aqueous polyurethane resin to that of the epoxy resin being from 99:1 to 50:50, to the printed surface, and thereafter laminating a molten polymer or a polymer film.
17. A process for producing a polyurethane resin represented by the following formula (1):
T.sub.1 --(UP.sub.1 --E.sub.1)-- . . . --(UP.sub.n+1 --E.sub.n+1)--UP.sub.n+2 --T.sub.2 ( 1)
wherein
UP1, UP2 . . . Upn+2 is that part of a urethane prepolymer which excludes a terminated isocyanate group, said prepolymer being prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound with a polymer diol compound, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that UP1, UP2 . . . Upn+2 have the same or different structures;
E1, E2 . . . En+1 is that part of a chain extender which excludes the functional groups reacted with the isocyanate group, said chain extender having at least two functional groups capable of reacting with the isocyanate group, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that E1, E2 . . . En+1 have the same or different structures;
T1 and T2 is that part of a terminator which excludes the functional groups reacted with the isocyanate group, said terminator having at least one functional group capable of reacting with the isocyanate group, provided that T1 and T2 have the same or different structure; and
-- is the bond that has been formed by reaction between the isocyanate group and the functional group capable of reacting with said isocyanate group;
said process comprising the steps of:
reacting an organic diisocyanate compound with a polymer diol compound at a molar ratio of diisocyanate/polymer diol of 1.3/1.0 to 3.0/1.0 to synthesize a urethane prepolymer, then chain extending the polymer using at least one chain extender in an amount 0.5-0.95 times the equivalent amount of residual isocyanate groups,
wherein said at least one chain extender is polyaminohydrazide represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR5## wherein R1 is an alkylene group having 2-15 carbon atoms, that portion of an alicyclic or aromatic diamine having 6-15 carbon atoms which excludes the amino group, or that portion of a polyethylene polyamine having 3-5 nitrogen atoms which excludes a primary amino group; and
R2 is hydrogen or a methyl group;
so that at least one hydrazide group is incorporated into said polyurethane resin,
and terminating the reaction of any residual isocyanate groups with a terminator,
wherein the chain extender has at least one hydrazide group so as to incorporate at least one hydrazide group into said polyurethane resin.
18. A process for producing a polyurethane resin represented by the following formula (1):
T.sub.1 --(UP.sub.1 --E.sub.1)-- . . . --(UP.sub.n+1 --E.sub.n+1)--UP.sub.n+2 --T.sub.2 ( 1)
wherein
UP1, UP2 . . . Upn+2 is that part of a urethane prepolymer which excludes a terminated isocyanate group, said prepolymer being prepared by reacting an organic diisocyanate compound with a polymer diol compound, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that UP1, UP2 . . . Upn+2 have the same or different structures;
E1, E2 . . . En+1 is that part of a chain extender which excludes the functional groups reacted with the isocyanate group, said chain extender having at least two functional groups capable of reacting with the isocyanate group, provided that n is an integer of 0-18 and that E1, E2 . . . En+1 have the same or different structures;
T1 and T2 is a residue of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrazines, alkylenedihydrazines, alkylenedihydrazides and polyaminohydrazides; and
-- is the bond that has been formed by reaction between the isocyanate group and the functional group capable of reacting with said isocyanate group;
said process comprising the steps of:
reacting an organic diisocyanate compound with a polymer diol compound at a molar ratio of diisocyanate/polymer diol of 1.3/1.0 to 3.0/1.0 to synthesize a urethane prepolymer, then
chain extending the polymer using a chain extender in an amount 0.5-0.95 times the equivalent amount of residual isoycyanate groups, and
terminating the reaction of any residual isocyanate groups with at least one terminator,
wherein said at least one terminator is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrazines, alkylene dihydrazines, alkylenedihydrazides and polyaminohydrazide, and is represented by the following general formula (2): ##STR6## wherein R1 is an alkylene group having 2-15 carbon atoms, that portion of an alicyclic or aromatic diamine having 6-15 carbon atoms which excludes the amino group, or that portion of a polyethylene polyamine having 3-5 nitrogen atoms which excludes a primary amino group; and
R2 is hydrogen or a methyl group;
so that at least one member selected from group consisting of a hydrazine group, a hydrazide group, and a semicarbazide group is incorporated into said polyurethane resin,
wherein the terminator has at least one hydrazine group or hydrazide group so as to incorporate at least one hydrazine group, hydrazide group or semicarbazide group into said polyurethane resin.
19. A process according to claim 17 or 18 wherein the molar ratio of diisocyanate/polymer diol is 1.3/1.0-2.0/1.0.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29732892 | 1992-11-06 | ||
| JP4-297328 | 1992-11-06 | ||
| JP5-266486 | 1993-10-25 | ||
| JP26648693A JP3001358B2 (en) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-10-25 | Aqueous printing ink composition for plastic film, adhesive for aqueous lamination, and method for producing a laminated product using the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US5656701A true US5656701A (en) | 1997-08-12 |
Family
ID=26547468
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/148,359 Expired - Lifetime US5656701A (en) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-11-08 | Polyurethane resins, process for producing the same, and uses thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5656701A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0596503B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3001358B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE69333804T2 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2142847T3 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06206972A (en) | 1994-07-26 |
| EP0596503A1 (en) | 1994-05-11 |
| DE69333804T2 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
| DE69327702D1 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
| ES2142847T3 (en) | 2000-05-01 |
| EP0931802B1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
| EP0596503B1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| JP3001358B2 (en) | 2000-01-24 |
| DE69333804D1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
| EP0931802A1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
| DE69327702T2 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
| ES2242324T3 (en) | 2005-11-01 |
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