US561195A - Feed-water heater and purifier - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1. H. BERNAUER & N. S. CHAPMAN;

FEED WA'IIEZR HEATER AND PURIFIER.

N0. 56l, 195. Patentedll l 2, 1896.

ANDREW B.GRAHAM. FHOTO-UTHO.WA5HINGTUN. D C

(No Model.) V 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. BERNAUER & N. S. CHAPMAN. FEED WATER HEATER AND PURIFIBR.1

No. 561,195. Pzitentedy: 2, 1896.

,% v jgi mm M rnau e? I ji iarne NITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

HENRY BERNAUER AND N EIVTONS. CHAPMAN, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

FEED-WATER HEATER AND PURIFIER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 561,195, dated June 2, 1896.

Application filed February 20, 1896. Serial No. 579,986. (No model.)

T0 at whom, it weary concern.-

Be it known that we, HENRY BERNAUER and NEWTON S. CHAPMAN, citizens of the United States, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Jackson and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Feedater Heaters and Purifiers, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to feedwater heaters and purifiers; and our objects are to produce apparatus of this character which will effect ually accomplish the object in View andwhich embodies in its construction the features of simplicity and economy as well as accessibility for cleansing and repairs.

With these objects in view the invention consists in certain novel and peculiar features of construction and arrangement, as hereinafter described and claimed.

In order that the invention may be fully understood, reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a central vertical section of a boiler and of our feed-water heater and purifier. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the boiler on the line 00 w of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontalsection of the precipitating-cylinder on the line y y of Fig. 1 and on an enlarged scale. Fig. 4 is a plan View of the double-cone deflector. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section of the skimmer. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a part of the pure-water conduit and the exhaust-nozzle of the steamconduit. Fig. '7 is a vertical section of the oil-extractor of the precipitating-cylinder.

In said drawings, 1 designates a steamboiler of ordinary construction.

2 is the feed-water-supply pipe connected to any suitable force-pump (not shown) and leading into the receptacle or tank 3 within the boiler, near one end, and arranged with its upper edge above the water -line and slightly higher than the corresponding edge of a skimmer-tank 4, which is located within and near the opposite end of the boiler. Said tanks are connected by an inclined water-leg 5, so that the water after it reaches a predetermined level in tank 3 will flow in a continuous shallow stream nearly the full length of the boiler to tank 4. Tanks 3 and 4 and water-leg 5 are placed near one side of the boiler in order that they may be easily accessible from the manhole.

Arranged in proximity to the boiler is a precipitator 6, whichis supported upon legs 7 in order thata receptacle may be placed beneath it to receive the drain from a blow-off cock 8 at the bottom thereof. Said cock is connected to a perforated cross-pipe 9 within and near the bottom of the cylinder.

10 10 designate a pair of superposed inverted conical deflectors secured at their upper ends to the precipitating-cylinder in any suitable manner. Their lower ends or apices are provided with openings 11 11. Located vertically above said deflectors is a doubleconical deflector 12, comprising two conical sections with their apices cut away and connected by a short tube 12, the lower end of which is closed. The conical sections of this deflector are disposed in opposite directionsthat is, the base or widest portion of one is presented upward, while the base or widest portion of the other faces downwardly. This deflector is supported in position by means of the upper horizontal arm of the pipe-conduit 13, which communicates at one end with the interior of said deflector above the partition 12 and at its opposite ends with the lower portion of the boiler, into which it extends a short distance.

The interior construction of the precipitator is such that the water must follow a tortuous course, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1, before it can escape through the pipeconduit 13, in order to thoroughly separate the heavier impurities from the Water and oil, the latter of which rises to the top of the water and passes into the extractor. All of said heavier particles which do not immediately seek and remain at the bottom of the cylinder enter the approXimately-V-shaped cavities formed by the inverted deflectors and the wall of the precipitator and below the flaring walls 01": the double-conical deflector. The pipe-conduit 13 is controlled by a valve 14 and is subjected to the intense heat of the furnace where it bridges the space between the furnace-wall 15 and the boiler. (See Fig. 1.) The object of this will hereinafter appear.

16 designates a pipe depending vertically into the boiler and carrying at its lower end within tank l a skimmer, which consists of a perforated cross formed of radial pipes 17, coupled together and communicating at their inner ends with a pipe 16. Their outer ends are turned upwardly above the watenlevel of the tank, as shown at 18, for a purpose hereinafter described. Pipe 10 is connected by a horizontal pipe 19 to the upper end of a Vertical pipe 20, which extends downward into the precipitating-cylinder 6 and centrally through and below the several conical deflectors, as shown. Said pipes are provided with a controlling-valve 21, as shown.

A steam-pipe conduit 22 communicates with the steam-dome 23 of the boiler at one end and at its opposite end isprovided with acontracted nozzle 2i, which projects toward the boiler inside the conduit 13, which hereinafter is termed the pure-water conduit. The relation between these conduits is such that the steanrjet issuing from said nozzle at considerable pressure tends to create a vacuum in the pure-water conduit and thereby draws the water by suctional act-ion from the cylinder and discharges it into the boiler. During such passage its temperature is raised by contaet with the steam and by passing through the highly-l1eated portion bridging the furnace. This super-heating of the water causes its expansion in a corresponding degree, which in turn increases the pressure in the conduit and the force of the discharge into the boiler, thereby faeilitatin g the circulation of the purified water from the cylinder. This circulation is further increased by extending the discharge end of the pure-water conduit into the current generated within the boiler, which exerts a suctional action thereon.

25 designates the oil or grease extractor, which is in the form of a hollow cylinder with its lower end open and communicating with the upper end of the precipitating-cylinder through an opening in the top thereof. Said extractor is provided with a filter, comprising the perforated receptacle 26 and the interposed filtration material 26, such as charcoal, &c. The oils maybe drawn off through the valve-controlled pipe 28, which communicates with the extractor through the screwcap 29, forming the upper end of the extractor. The oil as it escapes through said pipes enters a suitable receptacle (not shown) placed to receive it and may be made use of as desired.

\Vhen the boiler is to be initially filled, the water is pumped into tank 3, which arrests the sand and heavy impurities, and flows thence through water-leg 5 to tank 4, which it overflows until the required depth is attained in the-boiler, after which the feed-water is shut off. \Vhen steam is generated and the required pressure obtained, valve 21 is opened and the feed-pump set in operation. This causes the water to flow in a shallow stream down the water-leg 5, which is located in the steam-space of the boiler, and during such passage it is so intensely heated that a portion of it is converted into steam. The lime, salts, oils, &c., thus set free flow upon the surface of the water into the skimmingtank 4. Here the pressure of the steam and the suction it exerts by passing into the up per ends 18 of the pipes 17 and thence into pipe 10 forces the scum of impurities and a portion of the surface-water through the skimmer and pipes 16, 19, and 20 into the precipitatingcylinder. This process continues until the cylinder is filled with water, and it is obvious that as it fills up with this impure water the deflectors perform their function of separating most of the impurities from the water and oil and prew'enting such separated elements from rising by reason of the peculiar form and arrangement of the said deflectors, as hereinbefore set forth. After the precipitating cylinder becomes filled with water the valves 13 and 2t are opened to permit the pure water to circulate in a continuous stream from said cylinder into the boiler, as hercinbefore explained. As the cylinder fills with water the lighter oil or grease at the surface seeks its only outlet, and,enterin g the extractor,passes or seeps through the filter thereof, and maybe drawn off in condition for use through the pipe 28. All the light impurities which are not intercepted by the deflectors rise to the top of. preeipitator and are drawn oil throughblowoff cook 27, communicating with the lower portion of the oil-extractor.

In case the feed-pump ceases to operate from any cause and the consequent lowering of the water-level in tank 4, which would interrupt the operation of the purifying apparatus, we have provided the said tank with hinged valves 29, which close openings 30. Projecting from said valves are arms 3], to which chains 32 are attached, which are socured to floats at their upper ends, as shown in Fig. 5. It is obvious from this construct-ion that if the tension of chains 32 is relaxed by the lowering of the water-level and the floats, the valves, by reason of the weight of their arms 31 and the water in the boiler, will swing open and admit water thcrefrom into the skimming-tank, thereby automatically maintaining the purifying operation.

Thus it will be seen that we have produced an improved feed-water heating and purifying apparatus whereby the feed-water will first be conducted in a shallow stream through the steam-space of the boiler in order that the heat thereof may be utilized as an agent in the eifectual and expeditious precipitation of the scale-forming substances; secondly, will be conducted, together with the impurities from the boiler, to a precipitating-cylinder, wherein the impurities are separated from the water and the oil or grease also separated therefrom, and, thirdly, will be forced under pressure from said cylinder in a highlyheated and purified state back into the boiler below the water-line.

It will be understood from the above description that after-the boiler receives its initial supply of water it is thereafter replenished by that which has circulated through the heating and purifying apparatus before it commingles with that within said boiler.

Having thus described the invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination with a heating-chamber, of a water-leg extending therein, through which may flow a shallow stream of water, a tank to receive said water, a skimmer arranged in the upper part of the tank, and means to continuously force the scale-forming substances, together with a portion of the water from said tank, through said skimmer, substantially as described.

2. In a fced-water heater and purifier, the combination with a heating-chamber, and a precipitating-cylinder to receive the impure water, of a water-leg in the'heating-chamber, a tank communicating therewith, a skimmer within said tank, and a conduit connecting the skimmer and the cylinder, substantially as described.

3. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination with a heating-chamber and a precipitating-cylinder, of a water-leg within the heater, a tank therein and connected to the water-leg, a skimmer within said tank, a valve-controlled conduit connecting .the tank and the cylinder, and a valve-controlled purewater conduit connecting the cylinder with the boiler to be fed, substantially as described.

4. In a feed-Water heater and purifier, the combination with a heater, a water-leg therein, and a tank also in the heater and connected to the Water-leg, of a precipitator, a valvecontrolled pipe connecting the same with the heater and provided with a skimmer within the tank, a pure-water conduit connecting the precipitator with the boiler to be fed, and a steam-jet pipe connected with the steam-dome of the boiler and the pure-water conduit, substantially as described.

5. In a feed-Water heater and purifier, the combination of a heater, a pair of tanks therein, an inclined water-leg connecting them, and a supply-pipe communicating with the tank at the highest end of the water-leg with a precipitating-cylinder, a skimmer located within the other tank, a valve-controlled conduit connecting the skimmer and the precipitator, a valve-controlled pure-water conduit connecting the precipitator and the boiler to be fed, and a steam-conduit connected to the dome of the boiler and provided with a contracted nozzle projecting into the pure-water conduit, substantially as described.

6. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination of a boiler, a tank therein pro- I vided with openings below the water-line,

through which water from the boiler may enter the tank, valves controlling said openings, floats connected to said valves so that when the water reaches a certain level in the tank the valves will be automatically closed, substantially as described.

7. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination of a boiler, a tank therein provided with openings through which water enters the tank, valves controlling said openings, floats within the tank connected with said valves to close them at times, a precipitator, a valve-controlled conduit connecting the same with the boiler, a skimmer connected to the conduit and arranged within the tank, a pure-water valve-controlled conduit connecting the precipitator and the boiler, and a valve-controlled steam-conduit connected to the steam-dome and projecting at its opposite end into the pure-water conduit in the direction of the flow of water therein, substantially as described.

8. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination with a boiler, a tank therein provided with openings through which water enters the tank, hinged valves controlling said openings, arms projecting therefrom, chains attached to said arms, floats attached to said chains, a precipitator, a valve-controlled conduit connecting the precipitator and the boiler, a skimmer communicating With the said conduit and arranged within said tank, a pure-water valve-controlled conduit c011- necting the precipitatorand the boiler, and a steam-conduit connected to the steam-dome and projecting into the pure-water conduit, substantially as described.

9. In a feed-Water heater and purifier, the combination of a precipitator to secure water in a superheated state, consisting of a cylinder provided internally with a deflector or deflectors, and at its upper end with a filter to extract the oil or grease from the water, with a pure-water conduit communicating with the precipitator below said oil-extractor, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination of a precipitator to receive superheated water, consisting of a cylinder provided internally with a deflector or deflectors, and at its upper end with a filter to extract oil or grease from the Water; with a pure-water conduit communicating with the precipitator below the oil-extractor, and a steamconduit communicating with the water-conduit, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

11. In a feed-water heater and purifier, a precipitator, comprising a casing provided internally with inverted conical deflectors, a double-conical deflector above the same provided with an internal partition, a pure-water pipe communicating internally with the double-conical deflector above said partition,

and extending outside the tank, a perforated cross at the lower end of the cylinder provided with a blow-off cock, and an oil-extractor communicating with the upper end of the cylinder, all arranged substantially as described.

12. In a feed-water heater and purifier, the combination with a boiler, a tank in which superheated water is contained, of a precipitator, a pipe connected thereto and leading into the boiler, and a skimmer mounted upon the lower end of the pipe, consisting of perforated pipes having their inner ends in communication with said pipe and their outer ends open and bent upwardly above the water-line of said tank, substantial] y as and for 10 the purpose described.

In testimony whereof we af'fix our signatures in presence oi": two witnesses.

HENRY BERNAUER. NEWTON S. CHAPMAN. Witnesses:

SAMUEL LAWRENCE, F. Gr. FISCHER.

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