US560450A - weiss - Google Patents

Description

' 3 Shets-Slieet 1. F. J. WEISS N0 Model.)

GOVERNOR.

No. 560,450. Patented May 19, 1896.

1 124 a Law 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

PQJ. WEISS. GOVERNOR.

Nd-Model.

' No. 560,450 Patented May 19, 18.96.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3. P. J. WEiSS; GOVERNOR (No Model.)

No. 560,450. Patented May '19, 1896,.

' any time.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GOVERNOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 560,450, dated May 19, 1896. Application tiled April 22,1891. Strialli'c. 389,989. 110 model.) Patented in Switzerland September 21, 1889,1112. 1,433,3I1d

March 14,1891,Ni1.1,433 "82, in Germany January 30, 1390,110.

54,922, October 30,1890,N0. 5S,300,December 11,

1890,1 58,304, and January 14,1891,No. 53,518; in France April 5, 1890, October 29, 1890, December 10,1890,and

Tannery l3, 1891,11 0. 204,822: in Belgium April 5,

1890,110. 90,096, October 29,

1890, No. 92,520, December 10,1890,

Nu. 93.047,and January 13, 189L110. 93,415; in England April 15, 1890,110. 5,729, andin Austria-Hungary April 17, 1891,

To (/77 1/4/0111 if 'mr/ eon/(fern:

lie it known that 1, l nitxz Josnrn Wmss, of the city of llasle, in the canton of Basic and Republic of h'w iizerland have invented a certain newand useful Improvement in Governors (for which 1 have obtained Letters latout as follows: in Switzerland, h ohi-i hdated September 21, l. '9, and No. 1,133/82, dated March l l. ls't l; intiermany,.\o. 51,922, dated January 23 l. 9l No. b,Ii H ,dated October 30, lsml, R'o, 55 -1, dated .l)eeember ]l, 1890, and No. 5%,518, dated January it, 1891; in France, .\'o. 294, 22, datedApril 5, N90, Octoher-29. 1590, December 10,1999, and January l9, lh9l; in Belgium No. 99,999, dated April 7, lishll, .\'o. 92,529, dated October 29, 1899, No. 921,017, dated .l)eeember 19, 1899, and No. 93,115, dated January 113, 139i; in Great llritain, No. 5,729, dated April 15, 1899, and in Ausiria-llungary No. ii/lhtltli, dated April 17, 1891,)01' which the following is a specification, ret'erenee being had to the aceompanying drawings. I

My invention relates to engine-governors, and more particularly logovernors for use in pntaping-engines.

in the governors heretofore. generally employed the principal object has been to maintain as uniform a speed as possible for the engine under varying resistances. The object of my present invention is qnite adiii'erout one, inasmuch asthe object 15110111011121111' tain a uniform speed, but, on the contrary, to provide for varying and adjusting the speed of pumping-engines at will within the widest limits, so that the speed of the engine and connected water or air pump may be adapted to the amount of work required to be done at This variation may be etfocted either autonmtica-lly or by hand or in both ways combined while the engine is running, the above-mentioned object being attained exelusivelyby the action of the governor upon the expansion-valve gear of the engine, the feed-valves for the steam being kept quite .open all the while and no recourse being had to throttling. In order to indicate in the name of the improved governor the fund-(e mental ditlerence between it and the class of governor heretofore generally employed, I may say that my improved device is an effect governor," while those heretofore employed may be termed speed-governors.

My invention consists in the combination, with what I call a highly static governor, of a peculiar connecting mechanism to be more fully hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a governor and mechanism embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is aplan of the revolving chamber of the governor with the top cover removed therefrom, and Fig. 2-a similar plan showing a modification. Figs. 2 and 2 are a diagram and a vertical section, respectively, of the pipe connections for admitting water into the mechanism connected with the governor for automatically regulat; ing the same. Fig, 3 is a vertical section of another modified form of the mechanism.. Fig. 4 is a sectional diagram showing the pipe connections for admitting water to the mechanism from a reservoir.

In order to render this specification better understood as regards the construction and operation of my invention, and also in order to avoid subsequent repetitions as much as possible without thereby impairing the clearness of the description, I will here state two facts having special reference to the question at issue: 9 First. The frictional work per revolution of a steam-engine and of a pumpingengine coupled therewith is uniform or constant for any number ofrevolutions of the steam-engine per minute, provided the load on the engine remains the same. It is often wrongly assumed that the said frictional work in-' creases with an increase in the number of revolutions of the engine.

Secondly. If a pumping-engine requiring a given useful effect per revolution be coupled with an expansion-engine,- and the sectional areas of the steam e nduit from the boiler, as

the same time the stean'l is throttled, be it in- Well as the exhaust-passages of the engine and i also the sectional area of the passages for the] liquid in the pumping-engine, be sufiiciently large, so that within the widest limits of speed admissible for the engine a throttling of the steam and of the working liquid does not take place, or, at least, not beyond a very limited extent, then the said steam-engine, all other things remaining equal, will always require the same cut-elf, no matter whether the on- I gins within the admissible limits of speed is running fast or slow. I

Supposing, for instance, that an air-compressoris driven by an expansioirengine, then the area of the indiea tor-diagram of the steamcylinder must be equal to the total area of the indicator-diagram of the air-cylinder plus the area of a surface representing the frictional effect of the entire engine per single stroke of the same. Vthen the air-pressure remains uniform, the area of the indicator-diagram of matter whether the engine is running fast or slowly. According to what has been said in the abovefirst statement the frictional work per revolution is likewise uniform, irrespec-' tive of the speed. Hence the total of both must also remain uniform, and the area of the steam-cylinder diagram must therefore remain uniform likewise.

It follows from the above that with a uniform steam-pressure the cutoff must remain uniform throughout, no matter whether the engine runs slow or fast. This cut-off I will hereinafter call the necessary cut oil. Contrar to the popular idea it is not possible to changethe number'of revolutions of such an engine by varying the expansion unless at the air-cylinder will also remain uniform, no

tentionally or unintentionally. cylinder is given agreater cut-off, then the engine will run away. It,,( on the other hand, the cut-off is less, then the engine willstop.

If the steamthan the necessary I will now explain the construction and peculiar operation of my improved device with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The device shown in one form in Fig. 1 consists of the two following principal parts, which must operate together-that is to say, of ahighly static centrifugal governor and of an intermediate adjusting mechanism between the said governor and the valve-gear of the engine. Each of these two connected parts must conform to certain specific conditions, to be hereinafter pointed out, as followsthat is to say, the governor, as already named, Inustoeahighlystatie one, or, in other words, to each variation in'the angular position of its balls must correspond a different rotary speed of the governor-shaft. At the same time the governor employed must be of great regulating capacity. By this term, as applied to a governor, I mean the quotient obtained by dividing the greatest number of revolutions of the governor at the most outward position of its balls by the smallest numher of revolutions thereof at the least out ward position of its balls. I will hereinafter ex plain how a governor should be constructed in order to insure this quality in the highest degree, and I will at the sometime show a verysuitableeonstruction ol'sueh a governor; As regards the other element of the combina: tion, the intermediate adjusting mechanism between the governor proper and the valvegca-r of the engine, this mechanism must be so arranged that one or more parts of the mechanism, no matter which part or parts, may or will be adjusted in such a manner relatively to the other parts of "the said mech anism, while thepunqiing-engine is in motion, as to alter the relative positions of that part of the expansion-valve gear which regulates the cut-off, with regard to the balls of the centrifugal governor, and that without at the same time materially changing the tojnl pro- ,portion of transmission .-between the movenrents of the nut of the governor and the stroke or movement of that part of the oxpansion-valve gear which regulates the cutoif. Thus the connecting-rod C ll may be made longer or shorter by a screw and a hand-wheel l), or the same effect as that attained by thus lengthening or shortening the connecting-rod C B may also be attained in different other waysfor instance, by providing for i u rning the lever D (J relatively tofthc lever l) 1* or forturningtheleverllA: Inasmuchasevcry adjusting mechanism constitutes a connected system of rods for traction or pressure and levers, the above conditions for the relative adjustment of-paris are fulfilled by either lengthening or shortening the rods or turning the lovers into different positions. The said adjusting mechanism acts directly upon the expansion-valve gear, the latter in the present case, as shown in the drawings, being supposed to be a Rider expansion-valve gear.

Supposing the device here shown to be connected withasieam-engine fordrivinga pump required to lift water into a reservoir to a c tain height, and supposing that the steameylinder, the steannpressure remaining uni form and the port-s being quite open, require a certain cutoff-say of 0.l this being, as we will suppose, the necessary cut-olf, according'to the definition of this term as hereinbefore given, then the balls of the governor will, by reason of the corresponding position of the Rider gear, assume a certain position or angle of throw. We will suppose this angle to correspond with, say, sixty revolutions per minute of the engine, and that the pump will then be lift say, four cubic meters of water per minute. As long as no change whatever takes place or is elfected, the governor will in the usual manner maintain the number of revolutions at sixty per minute and the amount of water supplied per minute at four (little meters. Supposing, however, that the quantity of water required becomes less-say one cubic meter per minute-and that it be desired, therefore, to correspondllO ingly reduce the number of revolutions of the engine flOillSiXt) to fifteen, the steam-inlet valve being kept fully open all the while, or, in other words, no recourse being had to throttling of the steam, the attendant will then merely have to turn the hand-wheel E,

Fig. 1, in such a direction as to thereby increase the length of the connecting-rod ll. As the balls of the centrifugal governor, by reason of inertia, will resist a change in their position and thus retain the lever 1* l) C in its position, the adjusting-lever 15 A will thus at first be pressed downward and the cut-oil correspondinglyreduced. The cut-off for the steam-cylinder having vthus become reduced belowthe standard or noccsszyry degree will no longer be sufficient to overcome the pressure of the water plus the friction of the en tire engine, and thelatter will therefore have a tendency to stop. This, however, will be automatically prevented in my improved device in the manner which I will now explain. Before actually coming to a stop the engine will first begin to slow down. The halls of the static governor will, in consequence, assume a lower position of equilibrium eorrespo'ndin g to the reduced speed of the engine, thereby causing the adjusting-lever ll A to be lifted to suchaposition as again to produce alargcr cut-off or the necessary cut-otif. This cut-off will not, or at least not materially, differ from the cut-elf as previously, but the engine will, as intended, be running slower now in accordanee with the lower position ofgovernorballs. After all these movements will have taken place the adjusting-lever B A will antomatically have assumed its previous position, and only the configuration of the other parts of the governor-and connected adjusting mechanism will have become changed with the different rotary speed of the governor.

Supposing, on the other hand, that it be desired to increase the work effect of the pump, or, in other words, to increase the number of its strokes, then the hand-wheel E will have to be turned in the opposite direction, so as to shorten the connecting'rod l3 0, hjig. 1. The cut-oil. in the'va lve will thus be made larger than the necessary e'ut-ofl, and the engine will have a tendency to runaway. In consequence of the higher speedof the engine, however, the governor-balls will assume a higher position, thereby in turn causing the lever ofthe valve to be pressed down again into its original position, when it will again produce approximately the same cut-off as previously, or, in other words, giving the necessary cut-oft, the engine now, however, ru nning faster in accordance with the higher position of theballs of the static governor.

' In 'astatie or approximately static governor which will play only at one and-the same number of revolutions and in which the balls will then be either in an elevated or in a lowered position, the actionas above described with reference to a static governor would not take place, and it is for this very reason that I require for the particular object pointed out in the introductory part of this spcciihfation a highly static governor with a very high degree of dissi1nila rity,whilc thisquality for any other purpose would be of no use whatever For the sake of stating a concrete example and thereby rendering the peculiar action of my apparatus more intelligible I have in the drawings and specification assumed the governors hercinbeiore described as being con- 'nect-cd with and acting upon a Rider expansionvalve gear. It isobvious,however, that these governors may also be applied to any kind of expansion-valve gear, such as the Corliss-Sulzer, Colmann, or any other kind, just as governors of various kinds, such as \Yatts,Iorters,Irolls, llusss,or others, may be applied to all kinds of expansion-valve gears. I may even go so far as to say that the valve-gears above named, so etfectivc in connection with engines for running a system of gearing, are rendered still more capable of developing their peculiar advantages, more particularly for pumping-engincs,when applied in connection with a governor of the kind hereinbefore described.

The limits within which the number of revolutions of engines may be regulated by means of these governors will be greater the more static. the governors proper used in connection therewith will be, or, to use a more concise expression already previously employed, the greater their regulating power will be. It will be well to leave the peculiar dynamometric apparatus, shown in the drawings as connected with the rod 0 l; of the tltl-' justiug mechanism, out of consideration altogether for the present, as the samewill be specially referred to later on.

Figs. 1, 2, and 2 show a form of governor wherein the proportion between the distance of the fulcrum of the pendulum from the axis of the governor, on the one hand, and the length of the said pendulum, on the other hand, may be made relatively great in a very small space, thus rendering this construction particularly well adapted for governors of the'kind hereinbefore referred to.

A revolving chamber R V S, Fig. 1, provided with a recessed groove below for receiving the nut F, is so mounted on the vertical shaft (2 of the governor as to admit of freely moving up or down on the same. If desired, it may also be soarranged on the shaft as to be capable of freely rotating on the same. 7 This, however, is innnaterial. The inner surfaces of the top cover It and the bottom S of the revolving chamber are turned smooth, forming right angles with the governor-shaft Q, their distance d from each other being equal to or a fractionsof a millimeter larger than the diameter d of the two cylindrical weights N. 13y reason of the varying centrifugal force of the weights N the latter will from time to time assume a higher and a lower position, as the case may be, and

' governor will in sea-45o the angle will become eyl ind rieal weights in ments will (l rr v l largerandsmaller. ihe

i but also autoinaiieally and in such a manner performingthese movei as to eause the working speed of the engine to lieemne automatically redneed when the waier or air pressure will have reaehed a predetermined point. Construetional arrangemenis of this lcind are shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The most frequent use for governors of this l. d will be for-engines intended for driving wa. 3r or air pumps. In such eases it. is de siraiile to provide means for regulating the said pumps not only by hand, as heretofore deserihed, but also automatieallyaml in such a manner as to cause the working speed of the engine to he aui'emaiieallyreduced when the water or air pressure shall have reaehed a predetermined point. (onstruetio'nal arrangements of this kind are shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and I will preeeed to describe the same in the first plare with refereneeto Fig. 1.. The movements of the nut 5 of the governor proper, Fig. 1 are, hvnvans of the interme- -diate meelmnism-that is to say, the lever l .ll t and connecting-rod C lltrausmitted i edeviee fol-regulating the cutoff, thelati 1 this ease also being theexpansion-valve l zider gear. Theeonneeting-rod C B is shown as formed in two portions-that a an upper portion rigidly connected its lower end withthebarret 11 and alower roriion eonneeted at its upper end with a ger I tightly fitting in the barrel II and of movingwithin the 'latter. \Yhen serew L is screwed down, the plunger J s by reason of the arrangement of crossii I, eonnee'iinghars K, and spiral i pressed against the bottom of the r. hit a certain force, which may be long as the parts remain in ition the entire dynamometrie appau thus formed between the joints Cand "01's if it did not ex st at; all-that is to i were eonneeted by one i .ine -rod.

" inhe of e'ntta-pereha or other so as not to interfere with 3 revolving ehamher li Y S, with the grooved reeess formed thereon for the nut 1', up and down with them, the said revolving ehamli r, as already stated, being arranged to slide t'reely on the governor-shaft i Q. These llllH'Ollltlli are in turn transferred to the expansil n-valvegear of the engine hyi means ot the intermediate deviees FD C l; I in the same manner as previously explained. I The weight. of the ehamberiliincrease the eneref of the governor, lrigl l, and in spite of this weight there still an ample regulating ca-ipzieity.

it. has been found that the number of rev Y S serves to i olntions of an engine may ov means of this gmrernor, in manna-lion will: the inte mediate merhanisn: hereinhelore deserihed, he regulated within sin-h wide limits that the maxil W iimes as the minimum number 0* r volutions, or. in other words, the ep engn in v the sin" intermeo' ate va sin-h a va iion in the u; may he seem-ml as eonld inati-lv mum numlier of revolutions will he as great arbor (it re\ olinl not even ap hereiotore int ha.

li sui iliiQl'l ili the e 1 the other mechanism. It Us on the one hand with a space tw en the bottom of the barrel It and the J, and on the other hand with the ire-conduit of the pump, the work of mane 1e drops into a lower mf is aha-ions is to be regulated.

that, so tar run he governor For the purpose of explaining the device in proper liereinoelorr tiifii' red, eonneetion with a concrete example, we will it s immaterial whether Y,

assume the same to he applied to a steamei 'ne i'ordriving an air-compressor, the said in aimnpre being intended for working, say, twelve roelwlrills. in this ease the flesh hie i'ulie is arranged sons to communicate dimade to surround the e as shown in the ()iitlti al theerosssh-nvi: in the plan I may at v a vii-w to nhiain as H and solid a shape hie. round eorners of the eylindrit lweie'hts N a indirated in the same view, Fig. When employing my improved device in ronneetion with plimping-engines [or water or air, it is desirable to 'n'ovide means .t'or regulating the work or et't'et-ta ot the pumps i not only lrvhand, as hereinlietore deseriheil, i

Pt) snrixininl that the pressure of compressed air within the liarrel H is exerted below or, as here shown, above the plunger J.

Supposing it required that the air-pressure shall not exceed a certain limit-say i seven atmospheres, for instance. The pressure of the spiral springf will by means of the screw .l, he tirst adjusted in suelra manreel with the pressnre-eenduit of the eoinwillth,en,by turning the hand-wheel E in the mannerashereinbefore described, give the engine such a number of revolutions per minute l i l l l i t l as will either be equal to the required maxiintuit number of one hundred per minute or a little above. This done, the engine is allowed to work on by itself. Theapparatus'will then act as follows-that is to say: As long as the air-pressure docs ntined limit of seven atmospheres the plunger J will remain at the bottom of the barrel C and l3 will not come into action, but will simply act the same as a rigid baror connec tion between t and l"), the entire regulating not attain the predeter-- ll and the dynamomctrie apparatus between apparatus maintaining the speed of onchundred or a little more, as originally secured by the adjustment of the hand-wheel E.

Supposing now that six of the twelve roclc- 1 drills weresttqipcthasthe compressor will fora while still maintain the previous speed the airprcssure will now rapidly increase, because less air is being consumed than is being supplied by the compressor. As soon as the airpressure exceeds the predetermined limit of .seven atmospheres, however, the pressure of air exerted upon the plunger .i will overcome the resistance of the springf and the plunger will lie pressed'down within the barrel ll, thereby in turn pressing down the adjusting- 'lever 13 A of the regulating-valve gear, and

thus causing a shorter cut-oft in thesteamcylinder. As previously explained, the result would be that. the engine would now come to a standstill, since the cylinder is no longer reet-ivlngthe"t'equisllc' lit-01f. ever, is again automat ieally prevented on the This, howpart of the apparatus, as the engine, and

with it also the static governor, will bel'ore eomiugtoa stop tirst begin to run slower, thus causingthe governor-balls to drop into a;

' limit the extent of the outward movementot lower position oftltlllll llfl'lllltt, the adjustinglevei: ii A thereby being li 't'ted into its pre' vious posit ion again through the intermmliate 1 devices l l) l; aml again set-nringqhe req-Q 5 per end oreontinuation of the barrel ll, thereuisite amount of eut-otl' in the steam-cylinder.

At thesametimethegovernor-shaft amt also the engine will in accordance with the j lower position of the governor-lmlls make a smaller number of revolutions per niinnte.

it will be understood from the eharacterot the apparatus as described that the movements ol'- the plunger .l will be such as to cause the balls of the governortodrop so far and the rotary speed of the engine to be in consequence reduced to such an extent as to ause the. compressor at all times to supply just. the amo unt ol' airthat is required under the varying circumstan es, for it the compressor supplies a greater amount of airthcn the pressure will increase still more and the plunger will be lifted still further, which will cause the speed of the engine to be still further reduced through the regulating device above described.

Supposing a contrary case-t'h'at is to say, a casein which a greateramonnt of air is required, which may be caused,-f0r instance, by four of the six rock drills previously stopped being set to work again. In this case the compressor, by reason of thgslow speed which itis as yet retaining, wi'il be s upplying less air than is required. 'lheair-pressure will therefore become reduced. This will atv the saute time cause the air-pressureexerted upon the plungerJto become reduced to such an extent as to make it less than the pressure of the spriugf. The plunger J will therefore be drawn back into its barrel, which will in turn cause the end 1 of-tlte adjusting-lever ii A to be lifted, thus giving the steanr cylinder a larger cnt-otl. The previous cut.- otf having been the requisite amount of cutotf now becomes too great and thc engine will have a tendency to run away. This, however, is again automatically prevented by the apparatus,- the increased speed lifting the governor-balls into a more elevated position of equilibrium and the adjusting-lever l A being again lowered through the intermediate devices L l) 0 ll to such an extent as to again give the requisite amount of cutott for the steam-cylinder.

lfnless provision is made tot-limiting the extent of movement. of the'plunger .l as it is being pressed out of its barrel, it may occur that the engine will be automatically brought to a standstill through the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 when no compressed air is further required, as in such case, even it the number of revolutions be ever so small, the air-pressure will still always be increasing and the plnngenJ be still further pressed out of the barrel .until tinally thq eut-otl' is brought below therequisite amount. x

lo practice it is by no means desirable to have the engine thils automatically brought to a standstill.

the plunger in its barrel. This may be cl l'ected by arranging the upper cross-piece K in such a manner as to strike against. the upltis therefore advisable to" and the parts 1 l) D C will act the same as one rigid lever F D The small quanta y of compressed air (or extent of movement of the plunger J, Fig. 1, water, as the case may be) supplied by the applies also in case of the piston J, Fig. 3. machine at such a minimum speed of the en- It is obvious that the construction of my ginc may be removed or blown off through a i apparatus as described with reference to Fig. properly-eonstructed safety-valve. 1 may be applied in all cases where a pump Fig. 3 shows a modification of the appa driven by an expansion steam-engine is to be ratus represented in Fig. l, and consists in I regulated in such a manner as to be first rendering the adjustment of lever F D 1) given such a number of revolutions by hand with regard to lever D C automatic. A dy- I as to secure the maximum supply of liquid or namometric apparatus 3! l[ J K, Fig. 3, is gaseous fluid as may for a time be. required here provided between the said two levers, and to enable the speed of the engine to be the said apparatus being actuated by the I automatically reduced to any desired extent pressure of a liquid. The flexible pipe 0, when the pressure of the working liquid or connected with the pump. to be regulated, fluid exceeds a predetermined limit. and receiving from the same liquid, communicates at its other end with an air-tight chamber below an elastic membrane M, arranged within a casingll, provided on or connected with lever l) C. The movements of the membrane are transn 'tted to the lever F D I) by means of a piston J and rod K. The I rear portion of lever F l) l) is drawn toward lever D O by a spring], the tension of which may be regulated at will by means of the screw-nut L. The said screw-nut- L is tightened to such an extent as not to allow the piston J on the membrane to be lifted until ton of the accumulator, and in pumps of the the pressure of the working liquid exceeds a second kind on the height: at which the reserpredetermincd point, say eightatmospheres. voir is situated above the pump. It is not By subsequently turning the hand-wheel E i possible to regulate such pumps by the vai the speed of the governor is so adjusted as to ing pressure in the manner above described, make the pump to be regulated thercbysupfor this reason, that varying pressures are, ply the maximum quantity per minute that in these cases, not intended or do not occur. may be desired for the present, or rather a Another kind of regulation, however, is detriile more. sirable for cases of this kind-that is to say,

As long as the tension of the liquid does in pumps of the first kind above referred to not exceed the above predetermined pressure it is desirable to slackcn the speed of the of eight atmospheres the piston above the pump as the piston of the accumulator apniembrane will remain in its lowest position preaches its highest position, and in pumps ofthe second kind to slacken thespccd of the pump as soon as the water in the reservoir reaches a certain level. These objects may in the case of pumps for accumulators be attained by means of the auxiliary devices shownin Figs. 2 and 2" in connection with the governors forming the subject of this specilication, and in the ease of reservoir-pumps by means of the arrangement of pipes shown in Fig. 4.

Instead of arranging the flexible pipe 0,

lg. 1, so as to communicate with the water tus as above described is not suitable, l1ow ever, for regulating the following classes of pumps-that is to say, first, force-pumps for hydraulic accumulators driven by water or air, and, secondly, water-pumps i or discharg ing their water into a reservoir situated at a certain height.

1n the pumps above mentioned the pressure of the working liquid always remains uniform, and in pumps of the first kind depends on the pressure exerted upon the pis- As soon, however, as the pressure oft/eight atmospheres is reached and about to be exceeded the membrane M and piston J will be lifted from their lowest position of rest and the levers D D and D 0 will be pressed away from each other, or, in other words, the angle B will become, reduced. As the lover I" D D, by reason of the inertia on the partof the static governor connected with the nut F, will in the firstmoment still remainin its position, the lever D C will be pressed down, and the speed of the governor, and hence also that of the engine connected ith the same,will in consequence be automaticall y and correspondingly reduced in exactly the same manner as already explained with reference to the construction shown in Fig. l.

Supposing that the pressure of the worle ing liquid now becomes reduced againsay in consequence of an increase in the consumption of the same'-the piston on the membrane, by reason of spring f, will again be lowered, lever 1) C will be raised, and the speed of the engine will thereby be automate ieally increased. \Vhat has been previously sa d about the advisability of limiting the with a three-way cock M, Fig. 2 by means of the pipe 0. Another pipe 0 likewise entering the three-way cock M communicates with the water in the accumulator, and a thtrd pipe 0 is provided for discharging the liquid into the open air. In the position of the cock as shown in the d rawiugsthat is to say, when is not in communication with the regulating under pressure, since the space above it within the barrel II is in communication with the open ail-through the pipe 0 and its continuation u', as Well as cock M and dischargeof the accumulator direct it is first connected the handle aof the plug is lowered-the water The particular construction of the appara- I apparatus, and the plunger J, Fig. 1, 'is notlut ions for which ithas been adjusted through the hand-wheel E.

that the amount of The piston of We will now suppose water cousumedbecomes less. the accumulatorwillt-hen rise and it will be desirable to automatically reduce the speed of the pump in accordance with the reduced consumption of water. This will be cll'eet-ed through the governor forming the subject of my invention and shown in Figs. 1 and 2" in -before described.

the following manner-that is to say': As soon as the piston ol' the accumulator has risen to a certain height anarm'connected therewith, but not. shown in the drawi handle it of the three-way cock M from below, and as the piston continues to risewill lift it up still farther until it ultimately reaches the position a. In this position the water in pipe o will, by means of the said three-way cock ill and the pipes o and o, be brought int-o communication with the space above the plunger .1, the latter will be pressed out of its barrel, thereby pressing down the adjusting-lever 13 A and causing the number of revolutions of the engine to become reduced by reason of the lower position of the governor-balls resulting therefrom, and the adjustiugrlevcr will be subsequently: drawn back into its previous position, thus again securing the requisite cut-oil? tor the steam-cylimler, all as herein- If the consumption of water subsetpieutly increases and the piston of the accumulatorbe correspondinglylowered, then the secondarmconnectedtherewith, but not shown in the drawings, will press down the handle of the three-way cock .\I into the position (I, thus again causing the same position ol' the cock and its connections as shown in the drawings. The water within the pipe o"will-be again eut. otl'andthe space above the plunger communication with the open air again through the cock )l and discharge-pipe o viously shown,

p with the barrel ll, Fig. l.

The water collected above the plunger .l being thus allowed to discharge into the open air, the said plunger will be drawn into the ,barrel again through the spriugf. As prethis will againcausc the number of revolutions of the governor andbenee also ol' the e'ugiueto saute time the regula brought.- back into its Fig. :3" shows a mod mcnt olf the auxiliary apparatu ting mechanism will be original position.

ilication ol'thearranges in Fig. 2". is likewise water, the pipe and the pipe hence also in communication with the o discharges into the open air, o is connected with pipe 11 and ugs,will strike the .I will be brought into be increased, and at the \\'hen the piston the one hand this of the accumulator rises, an arm connected therewith, but not shown in the drawings,

will strike against an elongation 'v' of a valve 76 lift the said valve to be admitted' o and to enter J, pressing r from below and thereby r, thus' causing the water from the pipe into 0' and the barrel ll above tlie plunger the same out of its barrel and thereby tend- 7 engine. at the same through the the discharge-opening of the said pipe 0 being made 80 of much smaller sectional area, than those of the pipes o, o, and on certain pressure, 211- j though of reduced volume, will still prevail within the said pi es and connections, this pressure being stil upon the plunger J to overcomotho pressure of the spring f. When the piston of the accumulator is'subsequcntly lowered'a'gain, the arm above referred to as being connected with it will likewise be lowered with tag the valve 17 and its elongation v'to dropi and to again cut off the water within the pipe o from the regulating apparatus, whereupon; the spring f will again draw the plunger J back into its barrel, the theplunger being forced pipe 1/ into the open air begiirto run faster.

The discharge 0' Fig. 2), may also be 'en suflicient in its action imau 9 water eollectedabove tirely dispensed with by arranging the elon- I 00 gatiou r o'f 'the valve so as not to tit quite closely with the valve-chaiuber -say' by dispensing with a stuffing-box and simply allowing it to enter the valve-chamber through an aperture with a certain amount of m y. spacethus formed will then take the place of t-hespecial discharge-pipe o v The auxiliary apparatuses shown in Figs :2 and may be applied in exactly the same manner in connection wit-lithe [construction 1 represented in Fig. 23, as well as with thatin Fig;- I. It is also obvious that in applying the auxiliary pparatus of -l*igs. 2 and "fit is not necessary, .e'ther as regards Fig. 1 or we. 2}, to give the stu 'a-ny special tension 1 to depend just exaet'l 031,11 the-pressure ot' the working liquid wit in the accumulator. All that-is required in this respect is that on tension shall be less than the t'ullpressure exertedupou thepl-unge-r J, -.t Figs. l and It, on the part of the we: liquid in case of the device in Fig. :3" and less than the reducedpressure in the ease of the device in Fig. 2", and on the other hand that the tensionsltaltbe at least sutlicienttodraw 1- position of rest the plunger .1 back into its when the pressure of the working liquid has ceased to act upon the plunger and at; the same time to overcome the resistance of the intermediate parts tot-transmitting the mo'x'ei ments bet ween the governor and expansion- \"al\'egear. These two opposite limits for the tension of the springs l' areso far removed from each other as to"ren ler it very easy to The I05 seeure some intermediate degree t. tension by properly adjusting the screws ll, l igsyl and 3.

' engine of the resrwvoir-pump.

What. has been previously stated with regard to automatically bringing the engine to 5 a standstill and automatically ,roducing a I j engine will be making that numberofrevoluminimum number oi revolutions of the same without causing a dead step through the mechanism in Figs. 1 and 3 portance in the case of such pumps i'or ar -1imulators as those in which the pistons are nearly always working in their highest p tion, which they must not be allowed to eeed. Newsupposingthat bycertain mcan.., thoparticulars of which do not here concern us, provision had been made forautoniaticall bringing the engines for the forcing-pump to a standstill each time the piston ot' the accumulator had attained its highestposition, (this very often occurringseveral times in the course of one minute,) in such case it may very easily occur that when the piston of the accumulator lowered the engine will not at. once move again by itself, which may prove of very serious consequences for the machinery and the people employed on the sameas, for instance, in steel-works, foun- It. is therefore preferable not to bring the forcing-pumps to a standstill at a high position of the accunnilator-piston, but merely to automaticallygive them a minimumnumberofrevolulions. lhe small quanlily of water that is still being lifted by the pumps at sueha small number of revolutions may be allowed to escape through safetyvalves or discharged through a suitable alve arranged so as to be opened by the aeennne later-piston when reaching its highest position, unless some other use may be found for the water.

In the arrangements shown in Figs. 1 and 3 theengine instead of being brought to standstill is simply given a minimum number of revolutions, as alrcadystated. 'lh is is attaincd by limiting the extent of outward movement of the plunger 3, Figs. 1 and 23, preferably by means of an adjustable collar or similar device in such a manner as to allow the said plunge-rs to move out of their barrels only so far at the lowest position of the governor balis as to barely secure the requisite cut-oil throughthe adjusting-lover] 3 A, hi 1. 'Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of pipes serving as an auxiliary apparatus by means of which the automatic governor as represented in Figs'l and 3 may also be applied in the ease of pumps for reservoirs. The water is by means of pipe Q conveyed to a reservoir it having an overflow S, Fig. l. At its lower end the said pipe ocommunicates with the reservoir R at a* 11* a little below the level of the overflow At itslower end the said pipe 0' is provided with a discharge o of smaller section than the pipe o for automatically removing the liquid from pipe o and diseharglngitintqthe open air. The pipe oeonneeted with the pipe 0 laterally is the same liexihle is of special in;

see rm pipe already referred to as communicating with the apparatus for regulating the steam- Ho long as the water within the reservoir it remains below the level a" if the automatic regulating device, Fig. l or 3, will remain inactive andthe lions to which it hasbecn adjusted byan aus ot' the haml-wvhcel ii, l'ig. I orj Supposing,

' however, that the water within the said reservoir, l g. 4, begins to rise above the level 11* f then the pipe (1' will be tilled with water, although part of the water will escape through the distharge (F, the latter being of much smaller section. The pressure ul' the water will pass tl rough the llexiblepipc o into the dynr.nnnnetrir apparatus, tori and will bring ti o same into action, as already described, in such a manner as to reduce the speed of the engine, thus causing the pump to hit a eorrespondiuglysmall amount of water. If the consumption of water from the said reservoir ll increase again, then the water-level will sink, the water-within the pipe 0 will be discharged througlnofland the pressure within pipe 0, and hence alsowithinthedynantometricapparatus, will cease, the said apparatus resuming its previous position and thcreoycausingtheeuginetu re gn-tin itsforlner speed, as already described.

llaving thus fully described my invention, what ldesire to claim and secure by Letters Patent; is-

1. In a pumping-engine with variable expansion the combination with a strongly static centrifugaligovernor of high regulating capacity, of an adjusting mechanism 1 l) (i l3, and of means capable of being operated substantially as described by the liquid pumped, for lengthening and shortening the red C ll oi; the said mechanism while the cn gine is running, so as to thereby alter the relative positions of the member which regulates the eut-oil' in the ex mnsion-valve gear and of the balls of the centrifugal governor, without. at the same time altering the total proportion of transmission between the stroke or movement; of the said member of the val ve-gear and the throw of the governorballs, substantially asand for the purpose setforth.

in combination with the adjusting device l l) U i3 intermcdiatetho centrifugal governor andthc expansion-valve gear ofa pumping-engine as described, a governor havingecnut: 11 adapted tohave the vertical movements of the said weights transmitted to it, and a chamber RV S carrying the said nutand surrounding the governor-shaft, but otherwise freely movable, the said chamber surrounding t-he said weights by means ot interior horizoutal top andbottomsurfaces,substantially as and {Uri/lit} pu 'pose'set. forth.

2%. in combination with the adjusting device l ll C l3 intermediate the centrifugal goveruorand theexpansion-valve gearol'apump- "-engi.=ie as deseribed, a governor lmvingeccentrically-suspended cylindrical weights N,a nut Radapted to have the vertical movements of the said weights transmitted '50 it, and a chamber R V S carrying the said'nut and surrounding the governor-shaft, but otherwise freely movable, the said chamber resting on the said weights with an interior horizontal top surface, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In combination, with a governor, eccentrieally-suspended weights, a chamber arranged on the governor-shaft so as to move freely thereon and surrounding the said weights and a nut connected with the said chamber and with the regulating-gear of the steam-engine,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In combination with a governor, eccentrically-suspended weights, a chamber ar ranged so as to move freely on the governorshaft and surrounding the said cylindrical weights by means of interior horizontal top and bottom surfaces and a nut connected with the said chamber and with the regulatingvalve gear of the steam-engine, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In combination with a governor, eccentrieaily-suspended weights, a chamber arranged so as to move freely on the governorshaft and resting upon the said weights with two subscribing witnesses.

its interior horizontal top surface and a nut ,conneeted with the said chamber and with the regulating-valve gear of the steam-engine,substautial1yas and for the purpose set forth. 35 7. In combination with a steam'engine, a governor having eecentrieally-suspended eylindrical weights the upward and downward movements of which are transmitted to a nut arranged on a chamber surrounding the gov- 4o ernor-shaft but otherwise freely movable, the said chamber either surrounding the cylindrical swinging weights by means of interior horizontal top and bottom surfaces or simply resting on the said weights with an interioi' 5 horizontal top surface, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. In a steam-engine the combination, with the governor-shaft Qof the swinging weights IN, the ehamberR V S, the nut F and the de- 50 v ices F D G B for transmitting movements to the regulating-valve gear, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of 55 FRANZ JOSEPH WEIS. Witnesses: GEoRen GIFFORD,

CHIS. A. RICHTER.

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