US5424054A - Carbon fibers and method for their production - Google Patents

Carbon fibers and method for their production Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US5424054A
US5424054A US08/065,821 US6582193A US5424054A US 5424054 A US5424054 A US 5424054A US 6582193 A US6582193 A US 6582193A US 5424054 A US5424054 A US 5424054A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
carbon
cobalt
fibers
vapor
carbon fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/065,821
Inventor
Donald S. Bethune
Robert B. Beyers
Ching-Hwa Kiang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US08/065,821 priority Critical patent/US5424054A/en
Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BETHUNE, DONALD STIMSON, BEYERS, ROBERT BRUCE
Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIANG, CHING-HWA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5424054A publication Critical patent/US5424054A/en
Assigned to CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY reassignment CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CORRECTED RECORDATION FORM COVER SHEET FOR INVENTOR KIANG ONLY Assignors: KIANG, CHING-HWA
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
    • D01F9/133—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/84—Manufacture, treatment, or detection of nanostructure
    • Y10S977/89—Deposition of materials, e.g. coating, cvd, or ald
    • Y10S977/891—Vapor phase deposition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to hollow carbon fibers having a cylindrical wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms and a process for the production of these fibers.
  • Carbon fibers have found wide application as constituents of composite materials such as reinforced polymers and metals. Carbon fibers provide such composites with improved properties such as greater strength, higher electrical and thermal conductivity and toughness. Polymeric composites with carbon fibers are used to make parts for automobiles, airplanes, parts for electromagnetic shielding or for support for catalytic particles.
  • a first method involves dehydrogenating and graphitizing organic polymer filaments by heating them in a suitable atmosphere to make continuous carbon fibers with diameters typically between 1 and 5 ⁇ m.
  • a second method involves producing discontinuous carbon fiber segments by vaporizing a hydrocarbon and then with a carrier gas contacting the hydrocarbon vapor with a suitable metal catalyst.
  • This type of carbon fiber is known as "vapor grown carbon fiber" or VGCF.
  • VGCF vapor grown carbon fiber
  • the catalyst can be either particulate or can be produced in the gas phase by decomposition of a suitable metal-containing precursor.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,230 discloses contacting a vapor such as benzene, ethylene, acetone, carbon monoxide or the like with a metal-containing particle (e.g. iron, cobalt or nickel) at an elevated temperature to form carbon fibers having a diameter of 3.5 to 70 nm.
  • a metal-containing particle e.g. iron, cobalt or nickel
  • Oberlin et al. in the J. of Crystal Growth, 32, p. 335 (1976) discloses a two step process for making carbon fibers.
  • the first step involves pyrolysing a mixture of benzene and hydrogen at 1100° C. to form primary carbon filaments having parallel carbon layers and then the second step involves depositing carbon on these filaments to thicken the filaments.
  • Carbon fibers comprising a small number of nested carbon tubes will have remarkable properties. Such fibers will have very high strength by virtue of the nature and regularity of their bonding and therefore will provide superior properties to composite materials. They can serve as catalytic surfaces that would confine species in an effectively 1-dimensional space. Arrays of such fibers might be used as filters or sieves. Iijima, in Nature 354, 56 (1991) shows such carbon fibers (nanotubes) with multiple concentric cylindrical shells of hexagonally bonded carbon atoms which are produced in the cathode deposit of a carbon arc generator run with a helium atmosphere of a few hundred Torr. These nanotube fibers have typical outside diameters greater than 2 to several tens of nm.
  • a still more desirable fiber is a fiber with a wall comprising a single layer or carbon atoms.
  • These single atomic layer fibers could be used to assemble structures with low density and high surface to volume ratios, wires with extremely small diameters and solids with highly anisotropic properties. They also could be semiconducting or metallic depending on their helicity. These single atomic layer fibers could be used directly in assemblies or structures, or could serve as uniform "seed" substrates for growth of larger ordered structures.
  • Tsang et al. in Nature 362, 520 (Apr. 8, 1993) discloses forming a multilayered carbon fiber having a short end stub comprising a single layer of carbon atoms. Tsang formed this singular fiber by selectively oxidizing a great number of multilayered carbon fibers. Due to the oxidative nature of the process which simultaneously oxidizes both the circumference and the end of the fiber (e.g. the cap), this process is limited to forming a short single atom layer stubs on the end of multilayered fibers.
  • the present invention relates to carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for making carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms.
  • the process involves contacting carbon vapor with cobalt.
  • the carbon vapor is produced by electric-arc heating.
  • the cobalt is also vaporized preferably by electric-arc heating.
  • the process is carried out in an inert atmosphere.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus useful for the process of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a low magnification transmission electron microscope micrograph of the product of the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3-4 are transmission electron microscope micrographs of the carbon fibers of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for making carbon fibers (tubes) having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms. The process comprises contacting carbon vapor and cobalt vapor and recovering the product under conditions effective to produce the fiber as described below:
  • the process of the present invention involves contacting carbon vapor with cobalt, preferably cobalt vapor, preferably in an inert atmosphere.
  • carbon vapor shall mean a gas of carbon atoms, ions or clusters.
  • the carbon vapor can be conveniently produced by thermally vaporizing solid carbon. Suitable forms of solid carbon are amorphous carbon, graphite, activated or decolorizing carbon or mixtures thereof.
  • the solid carbon can be vaporized by heating carbon using a variety of heating techniques such as electric arc heating, RF induction heating, laser heating, electron beam heating, RF plasma heating or plasma-spray heating. Other heating techniques will be known by those skilled in the art.
  • the solid carbon is vaporized by electric-arc heating.
  • solid carbon in the form of a graphite rod is used as one of the two electrodes used in electric-arc heating.
  • the cobalt is also vaporized.
  • Suitable forms of cobalt for use in the process are pure cobalt, cobalt compounds or cobalt alloys.
  • Suitable cobalt compounds include cobalt oxide.
  • Other cobalt compounds such as cobalt carbonates, cobalt carbide and others may also be used.
  • Cobalt alloys preferably are transition metal alloys such as cobalt/nickel or the like.
  • a hollowed-out graphite rod is filled with a mixture of cobalt containing powder and graphite to form the second electrode for the electric-arc heater.
  • the carbon vapor is preferably formed in an inert atmosphere such as helium, argon or neon.
  • the atmosphere may contain minor amounts of other gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or water provided such gases do not unacceptably interfere with the process of the present invention.
  • the carbon rod and the carbon/cobalt rod are electric-arc heated in an inert atmosphere.
  • an electrical potential (generally about 15 to 30 volts with current of about 90-120 amps) is established between the first electrode (carbon rod) and the second electrode (carbon/cobalt rod) to heat the rods to a high temperature (e.g. about 2800° C. or greater).
  • the rods are heated in a chamber which is partially evacuated and contains an inert atmosphere of helium, argon or neon, preferably at a pressure of about 100 torr to 3000 torr, more preferably about 500 torr.
  • the rods are vaporized at a rate of about 2 to 10 mm/min. The arc heating of the rod results in the formation of both carbon vapor and cobalt vapor.
  • the product carbon fibers are condensed on the walls of the reaction chamber and are readily recovered by vacuuming.
  • the fibers can be purified by conventional methods such as solvent extraction.
  • a flow tube reactor could be utilized with continuously flowing inert gas to transport the product carbon fiber out of the reaction zone.
  • a plasma torch could be utilized as the heating device for vaporizing the carbon and cobalt compounds entering the flow tube reactor.
  • the carbon fibers of the present invention have a wall comprising a single atomic layer of carbon atoms.
  • the thickness of the wall of the fiber is a single carbon atom thick and the carbon atoms of the wall are bonded together.
  • the fiber is hollow and the wall is optimally cylindrically shaped and has a cross-sectional diameter generally less than about 3.5 nm preferably less than about 2 nm and more preferably less than about 1.5 nm; preferably a diameter of about 1 nm to about 2 nm.
  • the fibers generally have a length greater than about 50 nm preferably greater than 100 nm, most preferably greater than about 1000 nm.
  • the carbon fibers of the present invention can be utilized to form polymeric, metallic, ceramic and glass composites. Suitable polymers for such polymeric composites include epoxy polymers, polyetheretherketones, polystyrene polymerized in the presence of polyesters and elastomers such as polybutadiene.
  • an apparatus suitable for producing single atomic layer carbon fiber in accordance with the process of the present invention comprising a water-cooled chamber 10, a gas inlet 20 for inert gas with flow meter 22, and a gas outlet 30 for evacuation of the chamber and for dynamically maintaining the chamber pressure.
  • a carbon rod cathode 40 is held in a water cooled holder 50 that may be advanced or retracted by a drive mechanism 60.
  • An o-ring 70 is used to seal between the chamber and the moveable electrode holder shaft 80.
  • An electrical connection 90 is made to the electrode holder to maintain it at ground potential.
  • An anode 100 is held in a water cooled holder 110 that is insulated from the chamber and has an electrical connection 120 to the power supply 130.
  • the anode is hollowed out and a mixture of graphite and cobalt powders 140 is packed into the anode and retained with a short piece of threaded graphite rod 150.
  • the chamber pressure is set between 200 and 500 Torr helium pressure with a flow of 10 torr liters/sec.
  • a pressure gauge 160 and a flowmeter 22 are used to monitor these conditions.
  • a filter 180 prevents solid products from being drawn into the pump 190.
  • An electric arc is established by bringing the anode and cathode into contact and then separating them by a short distance e.g. approximately 1 mm. The voltage across the electrodes and the gap is monitored with a voltmeter 200.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used with an anode loaded with a mixture of cobalt and graphite powder.
  • the gross percentage of consumed cobalt to consumed carbon was 2% atomic.
  • a current of between 95 and 115 amps DC was set on the power supply and the voltage across the electrodes and gap was maintained between 22 and 28 volts by regulating the gap between the electrodes using the cathode drive mechanism.
  • web-like structures formed in the chamber. These webs drape between various surfaces in the chamber.
  • the soot on the walls had an unusual rubbery character and could be peeled off in long strips (unlike normal fullerene soot, which is crumbly).
  • the soot and the web material are ferromagnetic.
  • the web consists of rounded soot particles a few tens of nm across, linked together by thread-like fibers. Embedded within the soot particles are round cobalt particles with diameters ranging from a few nm to roughly 20 nm. Both electron and X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that these cobalt particles are face-centered-cubic cobalt, indicating rapid quenching, since cobalt is normally hexagonal-close-packed below 400° C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the rubbery soot deposits from the chamber walls contain similar thread-like fibers and soot particles like the web material, but with the soot particles in greater relative abundance compared to the web material.
  • SEM scanning electron microscope
  • the TEM micrograph in FIG. 3, taken at higher magnification, reveals carbon fibers (shown by the arrows) each having a single-atomic-layer wall with diameters of 1.2 ⁇ 0.1 nm. These single-atomic-layer carbon fibers are ubiquitous within the larger diameter thread-like carbon fibers.
  • the dark spot in the upper-right corner of FIG. 3 is a cobalt particle.
  • the TEM image in FIG. 4 shows another single atomic layer carbon fiber of the same diameter, with several round objects comparable in size to fullerenes with 60-100 carbons adhering to it.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to hollow carbon fibers having a cylindrical wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms and a process for the production of these fibers.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to hollow carbon fibers having a cylindrical wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms and a process for the production of these fibers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Carbon fibers have found wide application as constituents of composite materials such as reinforced polymers and metals. Carbon fibers provide such composites with improved properties such as greater strength, higher electrical and thermal conductivity and toughness. Polymeric composites with carbon fibers are used to make parts for automobiles, airplanes, parts for electromagnetic shielding or for support for catalytic particles.
Several methods are known in the art for producing carbon fibers. A first method involves dehydrogenating and graphitizing organic polymer filaments by heating them in a suitable atmosphere to make continuous carbon fibers with diameters typically between 1 and 5 μm.
A second method involves producing discontinuous carbon fiber segments by vaporizing a hydrocarbon and then with a carrier gas contacting the hydrocarbon vapor with a suitable metal catalyst. This type of carbon fiber is known as "vapor grown carbon fiber" or VGCF. Typical VGCF consists of fibers a few μm in diameter with lengths ranging from a few microns to several centimeters. The catalyst can be either particulate or can be produced in the gas phase by decomposition of a suitable metal-containing precursor.
Baker and Harris in Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 14, page 83 (1978) disclose forming VGCF carbon filaments by contacting ethylene or benzene vapor with cobalt at 1000° K. However, these filaments have large diameters generally greater than 5 nm.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,230 discloses contacting a vapor such as benzene, ethylene, acetone, carbon monoxide or the like with a metal-containing particle (e.g. iron, cobalt or nickel) at an elevated temperature to form carbon fibers having a diameter of 3.5 to 70 nm.
Oberlin et al., in the J. of Crystal Growth, 32, p. 335 (1976) discloses a two step process for making carbon fibers. The first step involves pyrolysing a mixture of benzene and hydrogen at 1100° C. to form primary carbon filaments having parallel carbon layers and then the second step involves depositing carbon on these filaments to thicken the filaments.
Carbon fibers comprising a small number of nested carbon tubes will have remarkable properties. Such fibers will have very high strength by virtue of the nature and regularity of their bonding and therefore will provide superior properties to composite materials. They can serve as catalytic surfaces that would confine species in an effectively 1-dimensional space. Arrays of such fibers might be used as filters or sieves. Iijima, in Nature 354, 56 (1991) shows such carbon fibers (nanotubes) with multiple concentric cylindrical shells of hexagonally bonded carbon atoms which are produced in the cathode deposit of a carbon arc generator run with a helium atmosphere of a few hundred Torr. These nanotube fibers have typical outside diameters greater than 2 to several tens of nm.
A still more desirable fiber is a fiber with a wall comprising a single layer or carbon atoms. These single atomic layer fibers could be used to assemble structures with low density and high surface to volume ratios, wires with extremely small diameters and solids with highly anisotropic properties. They also could be semiconducting or metallic depending on their helicity. These single atomic layer fibers could be used directly in assemblies or structures, or could serve as uniform "seed" substrates for growth of larger ordered structures.
Ajayan et at., in Nature, 358, 23 (Jul. 2, 1992) discloses a transmission electron microscope image which the authors speculate is an end-on view of a single isolated structure. However, the process method utilized by the authors does not result in carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms.
Tsang et al., in Nature 362, 520 (Apr. 8, 1993) discloses forming a multilayered carbon fiber having a short end stub comprising a single layer of carbon atoms. Tsang formed this singular fiber by selectively oxidizing a great number of multilayered carbon fibers. Due to the oxidative nature of the process which simultaneously oxidizes both the circumference and the end of the fiber (e.g. the cap), this process is limited to forming a short single atom layer stubs on the end of multilayered fibers.
Therefore, there still is a need in the art for carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms and a process for production of such carbon fibers.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a carbon fiber having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a carbon fiber having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms and a length greater than 100 nm.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following disclosure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms. The present invention also relates to a process for making carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms. The process involves contacting carbon vapor with cobalt. Preferably, the carbon vapor is produced by electric-arc heating. Preferably, the cobalt is also vaporized preferably by electric-arc heating. Preferably, the process is carried out in an inert atmosphere.
A more thorough disclosure of the present invention is presented in the detailed description which follows and the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus useful for the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a low magnification transmission electron microscope micrograph of the product of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 3-4 are transmission electron microscope micrographs of the carbon fibers of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to carbon fibers having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms. The present invention also relates to a process for making carbon fibers (tubes) having a wall comprising a single layer of carbon atoms. The process comprises contacting carbon vapor and cobalt vapor and recovering the product under conditions effective to produce the fiber as described below:
The process of the present invention involves contacting carbon vapor with cobalt, preferably cobalt vapor, preferably in an inert atmosphere. As used herein carbon vapor shall mean a gas of carbon atoms, ions or clusters. The carbon vapor can be conveniently produced by thermally vaporizing solid carbon. Suitable forms of solid carbon are amorphous carbon, graphite, activated or decolorizing carbon or mixtures thereof. The solid carbon can be vaporized by heating carbon using a variety of heating techniques such as electric arc heating, RF induction heating, laser heating, electron beam heating, RF plasma heating or plasma-spray heating. Other heating techniques will be known by those skilled in the art. Preferably, the solid carbon is vaporized by electric-arc heating. Preferably, solid carbon in the form of a graphite rod is used as one of the two electrodes used in electric-arc heating.
In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, the cobalt is also vaporized. Suitable forms of cobalt for use in the process are pure cobalt, cobalt compounds or cobalt alloys. Suitable cobalt compounds include cobalt oxide. Other cobalt compounds such as cobalt carbonates, cobalt carbide and others may also be used. Cobalt alloys preferably are transition metal alloys such as cobalt/nickel or the like. Suitably, a hollowed-out graphite rod is filled with a mixture of cobalt containing powder and graphite to form the second electrode for the electric-arc heater.
The carbon vapor is preferably formed in an inert atmosphere such as helium, argon or neon. The atmosphere may contain minor amounts of other gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or water provided such gases do not unacceptably interfere with the process of the present invention.
Conveniently, the carbon rod and the carbon/cobalt rod are electric-arc heated in an inert atmosphere. Conveniently, an electrical potential (generally about 15 to 30 volts with current of about 90-120 amps) is established between the first electrode (carbon rod) and the second electrode (carbon/cobalt rod) to heat the rods to a high temperature (e.g. about 2800° C. or greater). Suitably, the rods are heated in a chamber which is partially evacuated and contains an inert atmosphere of helium, argon or neon, preferably at a pressure of about 100 torr to 3000 torr, more preferably about 500 torr. The rods are vaporized at a rate of about 2 to 10 mm/min. The arc heating of the rod results in the formation of both carbon vapor and cobalt vapor.
In a batch process, the product carbon fibers are condensed on the walls of the reaction chamber and are readily recovered by vacuuming. The fibers can be purified by conventional methods such as solvent extraction. In an alternative process embodiment, a flow tube reactor could be utilized with continuously flowing inert gas to transport the product carbon fiber out of the reaction zone. Suitably, a plasma torch could be utilized as the heating device for vaporizing the carbon and cobalt compounds entering the flow tube reactor.
The carbon fibers of the present invention have a wall comprising a single atomic layer of carbon atoms. The thickness of the wall of the fiber is a single carbon atom thick and the carbon atoms of the wall are bonded together. The fiber is hollow and the wall is optimally cylindrically shaped and has a cross-sectional diameter generally less than about 3.5 nm preferably less than about 2 nm and more preferably less than about 1.5 nm; preferably a diameter of about 1 nm to about 2 nm. The fibers generally have a length greater than about 50 nm preferably greater than 100 nm, most preferably greater than about 1000 nm. The carbon fibers of the present invention can be utilized to form polymeric, metallic, ceramic and glass composites. Suitable polymers for such polymeric composites include epoxy polymers, polyetheretherketones, polystyrene polymerized in the presence of polyesters and elastomers such as polybutadiene.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an apparatus suitable for producing single atomic layer carbon fiber in accordance with the process of the present invention comprising a water-cooled chamber 10, a gas inlet 20 for inert gas with flow meter 22, and a gas outlet 30 for evacuation of the chamber and for dynamically maintaining the chamber pressure. A carbon rod cathode 40 is held in a water cooled holder 50 that may be advanced or retracted by a drive mechanism 60. An o-ring 70 is used to seal between the chamber and the moveable electrode holder shaft 80. An electrical connection 90 is made to the electrode holder to maintain it at ground potential. An anode 100 is held in a water cooled holder 110 that is insulated from the chamber and has an electrical connection 120 to the power supply 130. The anode is hollowed out and a mixture of graphite and cobalt powders 140 is packed into the anode and retained with a short piece of threaded graphite rod 150. After evacuating and flushing the chamber with helium several times, the chamber pressure is set between 200 and 500 Torr helium pressure with a flow of 10 torr liters/sec. A pressure gauge 160 and a flowmeter 22 are used to monitor these conditions. A filter 180 prevents solid products from being drawn into the pump 190. An electric arc is established by bringing the anode and cathode into contact and then separating them by a short distance e.g. approximately 1 mm. The voltage across the electrodes and the gap is monitored with a voltmeter 200.
The following example is a detailed description of the process of the present invention. The detailed description falls within the scope of, and serves to exemplify, the more generally described process set forth above. The example is presented for illustrative purposes only, and is not intended as a restriction on the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE
The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was used with an anode loaded with a mixture of cobalt and graphite powder. The gross percentage of consumed cobalt to consumed carbon was 2% atomic. A current of between 95 and 115 amps DC was set on the power supply and the voltage across the electrodes and gap was maintained between 22 and 28 volts by regulating the gap between the electrodes using the cathode drive mechanism. During operation web-like structures formed in the chamber. These webs drape between various surfaces in the chamber. The soot on the walls had an unusual rubbery character and could be peeled off in long strips (unlike normal fullerene soot, which is crumbly). The soot and the web material are ferromagnetic. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the web material in FIG. 2 shows that the web consists of rounded soot particles a few tens of nm across, linked together by thread-like fibers. Embedded within the soot particles are round cobalt particles with diameters ranging from a few nm to roughly 20 nm. Both electron and X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that these cobalt particles are face-centered-cubic cobalt, indicating rapid quenching, since cobalt is normally hexagonal-close-packed below 400° C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the rubbery soot deposits from the chamber walls contain similar thread-like fibers and soot particles like the web material, but with the soot particles in greater relative abundance compared to the web material.
The TEM micrograph in FIG. 3, taken at higher magnification, reveals carbon fibers (shown by the arrows) each having a single-atomic-layer wall with diameters of 1.2±0.1 nm. These single-atomic-layer carbon fibers are ubiquitous within the larger diameter thread-like carbon fibers. The dark spot in the upper-right corner of FIG. 3 is a cobalt particle. The TEM image in FIG. 4 (taken at still higher magnification) shows another single atomic layer carbon fiber of the same diameter, with several round objects comparable in size to fullerenes with 60-100 carbons adhering to it.
Although this invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, the details thereof are not to be construed as limitation for it will be apparent that various embodiments, changes and modifications may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and it is understood that such equivalent embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of this invention.

Claims (3)

We claim:
1. A process for producing hollow carbon fiber having a wall consisting essentially of a single layer of carbon atoms comprising the step of contacting carbon vapor and recovering the fiber product under conditions effective to produce the hollow fiber with cobalt vapor.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the carbon vapor and cobalt vapor are formed by electric-arc heating.
3. A hollow carbon fiber having a wall consisting essentially of a single layer of carbon atoms.
US08/065,821 1993-05-21 1993-05-21 Carbon fibers and method for their production Expired - Lifetime US5424054A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/065,821 US5424054A (en) 1993-05-21 1993-05-21 Carbon fibers and method for their production

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/065,821 US5424054A (en) 1993-05-21 1993-05-21 Carbon fibers and method for their production

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5424054A true US5424054A (en) 1995-06-13

Family

ID=22065328

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/065,821 Expired - Lifetime US5424054A (en) 1993-05-21 1993-05-21 Carbon fibers and method for their production

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US5424054A (en)

Cited By (192)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5482601A (en) * 1994-01-28 1996-01-09 Director-General Of Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Method and device for the production of carbon nanotubes
WO1996018059A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-13 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Functionalized fibrils
WO1997032571A1 (en) * 1996-03-06 1997-09-12 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Functionalized nanotubes
US5747161A (en) * 1991-10-31 1998-05-05 Nec Corporation Graphite filaments having tubular structure and method of forming the same
WO1999006618A1 (en) 1997-08-04 1999-02-11 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts and single wall nanotubes
US5928450A (en) * 1998-02-05 1999-07-27 Russell; Daniel Nelson Process of making fractal tubes
US5951832A (en) * 1995-02-09 1999-09-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Ultrafine particle enclosing fullerene and production method thereof
US6183714B1 (en) 1995-09-08 2001-02-06 Rice University Method of making ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes
US6331690B1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2001-12-18 Nec Corporation Process for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes uniform in diameter and laser ablation apparatus used therein
US20020084410A1 (en) * 1996-08-08 2002-07-04 William Marsh Rice University Macroscopically manipulable nanoscale devices made from nanotube assemblies
US20020094064A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-07-18 Zhou Otto Z. Large-area individually addressable multi-beam x-ray system and method of forming same
US6426134B1 (en) 1998-06-30 2002-07-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Single-wall carbon nanotube-polymer composites
US20020100581A1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2002-08-01 Knowles Timothy R. Thermal interface
US20020110513A1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2002-08-15 Margrave John L. Chemical derivatization of single-wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate solvation thereof; and use of derivatized nanotubes to form catalyst-containing seed materials for use in making carbon fibers
US6437329B1 (en) 1999-10-27 2002-08-20 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Use of carbon nanotubes as chemical sensors by incorporation of fluorescent molecules within the tube
US20020122754A1 (en) * 1999-03-23 2002-09-05 Ryzhkov Vladislav Andeevitch Method and device for producing higher fullerenes and nanotubes
US6451175B1 (en) 2000-08-15 2002-09-17 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method and apparatus for carbon nanotube production
US20020131910A1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2002-09-19 Resasco Daniel E. Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes
US6455847B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2002-09-24 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Carbon nanotube probes in atomic force microscope to detect partially open/closed contacts
US6455021B1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2002-09-24 Showa Denko K.K. Method for producing carbon nanotubes
US20020172867A1 (en) * 2001-04-10 2002-11-21 Anglin David L. Battery cathode
US6502419B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2003-01-07 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Electro-desorption compressor
WO2003008331A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-01-30 Kh Chemicals Co., Ltd Preparation of carbon nanotubes
US6544463B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2003-04-08 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Hybrid materials and methods for producing the same
US6574130B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2003-06-03 Nantero, Inc. Hybrid circuit having nanotube electromechanical memory
US20030133865A1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-07-17 William Marsh Rice University Single-wall carbon nanotube alewives, process for making, and compositions thereof
US20030142790A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2003-07-31 Zhou Otto Z. X-ray generating mechanism using electron field emission cathode
US20030170166A1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-09-11 William Marsh Rice University Fibers of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes and process for making the same
US20030175200A1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2003-09-18 William Marsh Rice University Catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles
US20030199172A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-10-23 Thomas Rueckes Methods of nanotube films and articles
US6641792B2 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-11-04 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Hollow carbon fiber and production method
US6643165B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2003-11-04 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical memory having cell selection circuitry constructed with nanotube technology
US6645455B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2003-11-11 William Marsh Rice University Chemical derivatization of single-wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate solvation thereof; and use of derivatized nanotubes to form catalyst-containing seed materials for use in making carbon fibers
US20030211030A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-13 Smiljanic Olivier Method and apparatus for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20040009353A1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2004-01-15 Knowles Timothy R. PCM/aligned fiber composite thermal interface
US6680016B2 (en) * 2001-08-17 2004-01-20 University Of Dayton Method of forming conductive polymeric nanocomposite materials
US20040022981A1 (en) * 2002-04-01 2004-02-05 Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc. Composite of single-wall carbon nanotubes and aromatic polyamide and process for making the same
US6689439B2 (en) * 2000-03-08 2004-02-10 Zbigniew S. Sobolewski Micro-stud diffusion substrate for use in fuel cells
US20040027224A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2004-02-12 International Rectifier Corporation Planar transformer arrangement
US6706402B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2004-03-16 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube films and articles
US20040062704A1 (en) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-01 Conoco Inc. Process for converting alkanes to carbon filaments
US20040073251A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-15 Jan Weber Nanotube paper-based medical device
US20040071870A1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2004-04-15 Knowles Timothy R. Fiber adhesive material
US20040071949A1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2004-04-15 Glatkowski Paul J. Conformal coatings comprising carbon nanotubes
US20040077249A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-22 Yasuyuki Saito Method and apparatus for carbon fiber fixed on a substrate
US20040131532A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2004-07-08 Resasco Daniel E. Method and catalyst for producing single walled carbon nanotubes
US6761870B1 (en) 1998-11-03 2004-07-13 William Marsh Rice University Gas-phase nucleation and growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO
US20040164289A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2004-08-26 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US6784028B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2004-08-31 Nantero, Inc. Methods of making electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US20040169615A1 (en) * 1997-01-16 2004-09-02 Crowley Robert Joseph Optical antenna array for harmonic generation, mixing and signal amplification
US6790425B1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2004-09-14 Wiliam Marsh Rice University Macroscopic ordered assembly of carbon nanotubes
US6800369B2 (en) 2000-11-13 2004-10-05 International Business Machines Corporation Crystals comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20040202603A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 2004-10-14 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Functionalized nanotubes
WO2004102659A2 (en) * 2003-05-08 2004-11-25 Curamik Electronics Gmbh Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module
US20040241077A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2004-12-02 Ryzhkov Vladislav Andreevitch Short carbon nanotubes
US20040258604A1 (en) * 2001-09-06 2004-12-23 Ryzhkov Vladislay Andreevitch Apparatus and method for nanoparticle and nanotube production and use therefor for gas storage
US20040265491A1 (en) * 2002-01-08 2004-12-30 Sumio Iijima Method of manufacturing the densely fitted multi-layer carbon nano-tube
US20040265211A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2004-12-30 Dillon Anne C. Hot wire production of single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20050011827A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-20 Koslow Evan E. Carbon or activated carbon nanofibers
US20050025696A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2005-02-03 Resasco Daniel E. Method of producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US6858349B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2005-02-22 The Gillette Company Battery cathode
US20050042163A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-02-24 Conocophillips Company Metal loaded carbon filaments
US6884404B2 (en) * 2000-05-31 2005-04-26 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing carbon nanotubes and/or fullerenes, and manufacturing apparatus for the same
US20050092241A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-05-05 General Electric Company Appliance having a container including a nanostructured material for hydrogen storage
US20050100497A1 (en) * 1995-09-08 2005-05-12 William Marsh Rice University Electrical conductors comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20050112053A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2005-05-26 Clarke Mark S. Production of stable aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes government interests
US20050123467A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2005-06-09 Avetik Harutyunyan Systems and methods for production of carbon nanostructures
US6908572B1 (en) 2000-07-17 2005-06-21 University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Mixing and dispersion of nanotubes by gas or vapor expansion
US6911682B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2005-06-28 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US20050142313A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Grah Michael D. Method of shrinking a film
US6919592B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2005-07-19 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical memory array using nanotube ribbons and method for making same
US20050226361A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2005-10-13 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Computed tomography scanning system and method using a field emission x-ray source
US20050245665A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2005-11-03 Chenggang Chen Method of forming nanocomposite materials
US20050255033A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-11-17 Yutaka Shimoji Laser fabrication of continuous nanofibers
US20050263456A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-12-01 Cooper Christopher H Nanomesh article and method of using the same for purifying fluids
US20050266162A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-12-01 Jiazhong Luo Carbon nanotube stripping solutions and methods
US20050272847A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2005-12-08 Chyi-Shan Wang Method of forming nanocomposite materials
US20060008403A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-12 Clean Technologies International Corporation Reactant liquid system for facilitating the production of carbon nanostructures
US20060008047A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2006-01-12 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Computed tomography system for imaging of human and small animal
US20060008406A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-12 Clean Technologies International Corporation Method and apparatus for preparing a collection surface for use in producing carbon nanostructures
US20060008405A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-12 Wagner Anthony S Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanostructures
US20060019819A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-01-26 Yang Shao-Horn Fiber structures including catalysts and methods associated with the same
US20060021510A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 University Of North Texas Method and apparatus for hydrogen production from greenhouse gas saturated carbon nanotubes and synthesis of carbon nanostructures therefrom
US20060039849A1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2006-02-23 Resasco Daniel E Process and apparatus for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20060039848A1 (en) * 2004-01-09 2006-02-23 Olga Matarredona Carbon nanotube pastes and methods of use
US20060057055A1 (en) * 2003-12-15 2006-03-16 Resasco Daniel E Rhenium catalysts and methods for production of single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20060060825A1 (en) * 2001-03-26 2006-03-23 Glatkowski Paul J Coatings comprising carbon nanotubes and methods for forming same
US20060078489A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-04-13 Avetik Harutyunyan Synthesis of small and narrow diameter distributed carbon single walled nanotubes
US20060079623A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2006-04-13 Chenggang Chen Method of forming nanocomposite materials
US20060083927A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Zyvex Corporation Thermal interface incorporating nanotubes
US7033650B2 (en) * 1999-09-29 2006-04-25 Electrovac, Fabrikation, Elektrotechnischer Spezialartikel, Gesellschaft Mbh Method of producing a nanotube layer on a substrate
US7041372B2 (en) * 2001-09-19 2006-05-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Anti-ballistic nanotube structures
US20060099136A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2006-05-11 Dillon Anne C Hot wire production of single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes
US20060104890A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-05-18 Avetik Harutyunyan Catalyst for synthesis of carbon single-walled nanotubes
US20060137817A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-06-29 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing catalyst supports and supported catalysts from single walled carbon nanotubes
US20060145194A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2006-07-06 William Marsh Rice University Method for creating a functional interface between a nanoparticle, nanotube or nanowire, and a biological molecule or system
US7097821B1 (en) 1997-08-04 2006-08-29 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts and single wall nanotubes produced according to this method
US7112315B2 (en) 1999-04-14 2006-09-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular nanowires from single walled carbon nanotubes
US20060228289A1 (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-10-12 Avetik Harutyunyan Methods for growing long carbon single-walled nanotubes
US7125534B1 (en) 1998-09-18 2006-10-24 William Marsh Rice University Catalytic growth of single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles
US20060239893A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-10-26 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes
US20060274889A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2006-12-07 University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Method and apparatus for controlling electron beam current
US20060286024A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Baker R Terry K Synthesis and cleaving of carbon nanochips
US20060284538A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Avetik Harutyunyan Carbon single-walled nanotubes as electrodes for electrochromic glasses
US20070084797A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2007-04-19 Seldon Technologies, Llc Purification of fluids with nanomaterials
US20070116629A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-05-24 Avetik Harutyunyan Methods for synthesis of high quality carbon single-walled nanotubes
US20070116633A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2007-05-24 Clean Technologies International Corporation Spherical carbon nanostructure and method for producing spherical carbon nanostructures
JP2007515364A (en) * 2003-10-16 2007-06-14 ザ ユニバーシティ オブ アクロン Carbon nanotubes on carbon nanofiber substrate
US20070160522A1 (en) * 2003-04-02 2007-07-12 Beyong-Hwan Ryu Method of preparing carbon nanotube from liquid phased-carbon source
US20070170414A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2007-07-26 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Field emission devices using modified carbon nanotubes
US7274078B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2007-09-25 Nantero, Inc. Devices having vertically-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20070227700A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Dimitrakopoulos Christos D VLSI chip hot-spot minimization using nanotubes
US20070231561A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical article having an antistatic layer
US20070238826A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2007-10-11 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Conductive thermosets by extrusion
US7304357B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2007-12-04 Nantero, Inc. Devices having horizontally-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US20070281087A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-12-06 Harutyunyan Avetik R Catalyst for the Growth of Carbon Single-Walled Nanotubes
US20080013258A1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2008-01-17 Honda R&D Americas, Inc. Functionalized nanotube material for supercapacitor electrodes
US7323136B1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2008-01-29 William Marsh Rice University Containerless mixing of metals and polymers with fullerenes and nanofibers to produce reinforced advanced materials
US20080031802A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2008-02-07 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Ozonolysis of carbon nanotubes
US20080039315A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2008-02-14 Jun Ma Methods of preparing supported catalysts from metal loaded carbon nanotubes
US20080036358A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2008-02-14 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Field Emission Devices Using Ion Bombarded Carbon Nanotubes
US20080044651A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2008-02-21 Mysticmd Inc. Coatings Comprising Carbon Nanotubes
US7335395B2 (en) 2002-04-23 2008-02-26 Nantero, Inc. Methods of using pre-formed nanotubes to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles
US20080069420A1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2008-03-20 Jian Zhang Methods, systems, and computer porgram products for binary multiplexing x-ray radiography
US20080111110A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2008-05-15 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Electroconductive Carbon Fibril-based Inks and Coatings
US20080135815A1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2008-06-12 Glatkowski Paul J Fugitive Viscosity and Stability Modifiers For Carbon Nanotube Compositions
US20080166563A1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-10 Goodrich Corporation Electrothermal heater made from thermally conducting electrically insulating polymer material
US20080171204A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2008-07-17 William Marsh Rice University Fabrication of light emitting film coated fullerenes and their application for in-vivo light emission
US20080176052A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2008-07-24 Jun Ma Mixed Structures of Single Walled and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes
US20080176740A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2008-07-24 Jun Ma Method for preparing catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes networks
US20080279751A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2008-11-13 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing uniform single walled carbon nanotubes
US20080276987A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Vanguard Solar, Inc. Nanostructured Solar Cells
US20080279753A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2008-11-13 Harutyunyan Avetik R Method and Apparatus for Growth of High Quality Carbon Single-Walled Nanotubes
US20080288067A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-20 Newcyte, Inc. Artificial retinal implant
US7466523B1 (en) * 2003-07-10 2008-12-16 Yingjian Chen Nanotube spin valve and method of producing the same
US20090022264A1 (en) * 2007-07-19 2009-01-22 Zhou Otto Z Stationary x-ray digital breast tomosynthesis systems and related methods
US20090102046A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-23 International Business Machines Corporation On-chip temperature gradient minimization using carbon nanotube cooling structures with variable cooling capacity
US20090176112A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2009-07-09 Kruckenberg Teresa M Modification of reinforcing fiber tows used in composite materials by using nanoreinforcements
US7560136B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2009-07-14 Nantero, Inc. Methods of using thin metal layers to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles
US7566478B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2009-07-28 Nantero, Inc. Methods of making carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles
US20090202644A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2009-08-13 Drexel University Functional nanoparticle filled carbon nanotubes and methods of their production
US20090208391A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-08-20 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Processes for the recovery of catalytic metal and carbon nanotubes
US20090227162A1 (en) * 2006-03-10 2009-09-10 Goodrich Corporation Low density lightning strike protection for use in airplanes
US20090255799A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2009-10-15 Avetik Harutyunyan Welding of carbon single-walled nanotubes by microwave treatment
US20090296516A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2009-12-03 Sulzer Mixpac Ag Dynamic Mixer
US20100003185A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2010-01-07 Wagner Anthony S Method and apparatus for producing fine carbon particles
US20100021794A1 (en) * 2008-07-23 2010-01-28 Korea Institute Of Science And Techology Method of fabricating carbon material, carbon material prepared by the method, cell material and apparatus using the same
US20100047522A1 (en) * 2008-03-14 2010-02-25 Nano-C, Inc. Carbon nanotube-transparent conductive inorganic nanoparticles hybrid thin films for transparent conductive applications
US20100086472A1 (en) * 2005-02-07 2010-04-08 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Single-walled carbon nanotube catalysts and method for preparing same
US20100098877A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2010-04-22 Cooper Christopher H Large scale manufacturing of nanostructured material
US20100143691A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2010-06-10 Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. High heat conduction composite material
US20100160553A1 (en) * 2002-06-19 2010-06-24 Mcdaniel Neal D Methods of making polymer composites containing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20100206362A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2010-08-19 Vanguard Solar, Inc. Solar Cells and Photodetectors With Semiconducting Nanostructures
US20100221173A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2010-09-02 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes from a metal layer
US7796999B1 (en) 2006-04-03 2010-09-14 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Method and system for network-directed media buffer-size setting based on device features
US20100239489A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2010-09-23 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods for Controlling the Quality of Metal Nanocatalyst for Growing High Yield Carbon Nanotubes
US20100239064A1 (en) * 2005-04-25 2010-09-23 Unc-Chapel Hill Methods, systems, and computer program products for multiplexing computed tomography
US20100240529A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2010-09-23 Leandro Balzano Single-walled carbon nanotube-ceramic composites and methods of use
US20100283090A1 (en) * 2009-05-11 2010-11-11 Honda Patents & Technologies North America,Llc Magnetic nanotransistor
US7842387B2 (en) 2005-06-28 2010-11-30 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Methods for growing and harvesting carbon nanotubes
US20100308279A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2010-12-09 Chaohui Zhou Conductive Silicone and Methods for Preparing Same
US20100316557A1 (en) * 2009-06-10 2010-12-16 Carbon Solutions, Inc. Continuous extraction technique for the purification of carbon nanomaterials
US20100329413A1 (en) * 2009-01-16 2010-12-30 Zhou Otto Z Compact microbeam radiation therapy systems and methods for cancer treatment and research
US20110002838A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2011-01-06 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes from a metal layer
CN1918067B (en) * 2004-02-09 2011-01-26 Kh化学有限公司 A method for the preparation of y-branched carbon nanotubes
US20110049292A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Rohr, Inc Lightning strike protection
US20110073344A1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2011-03-31 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Gasket containing carbon nanotubes
US20110110842A1 (en) * 2009-06-10 2011-05-12 Haddon Robert C Continuous extraction technique for the purification of carbon nanomaterials
WO2011086384A1 (en) 2010-01-16 2011-07-21 Nanoridge Materials, Incorporated Armour with transformed nanotube material
WO2011086382A1 (en) 2010-01-16 2011-07-21 Nanoridge Materials, Incorporated Ceramic matrix composite articles comprising graphene nanoribbons - like material and their manufacturing method using carbon nanotubes
US20110220191A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-09-15 Vanguard Solar, Inc. Solar cells and photodetectors with semiconducting nanostructures
US8062702B2 (en) 2001-11-20 2011-11-22 William Marsh Rice University Coated fullerenes, composites and dielectrics made therefrom
WO2011144292A2 (en) 2010-05-21 2011-11-24 Merck Patent Gmbh Selectively etching of a carbon nano tubes (cnt) polymer matrix on a plastic substructure
DE102010043473A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Carbon nanotube-containing polyamide 12 composition
WO2012059489A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh Composition made of polymers and electrically conductive carbon
DE102010043470A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Composition of polyamides with low concentration of carboxylic acid amide groups and electrically conductive carbon
US8358739B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2013-01-22 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Systems and methods for temporal multiplexing X-ray imaging
US8518711B2 (en) 2010-07-29 2013-08-27 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Quantitative characterization of metallic and semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotube ratios
EP2639261A1 (en) 2012-03-16 2013-09-18 Evonik Degussa GmbH Polyamide composition containing electrically conductive carbon
WO2014076576A2 (en) 2012-11-14 2014-05-22 The Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre Y Maestra Carbon nanotubes conformally coated with diamond nanocrystals or silicon carbide, methods of making the same and methods of their use
US8834827B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2014-09-16 National Research Council Of Canada Method and apparatus for the continuous production and functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using a high frequency plasma torch
RU2541012C2 (en) * 2013-04-05 2015-02-10 Мсд Текнолоджис Частная Компания С Ограниченной Ответственностью Hollow carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterial and method for its production
US20150096558A1 (en) * 2012-04-23 2015-04-09 David W. Mazyck Helmet air purification system
US9115266B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2015-08-25 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Carbon nanotube-polymer composite and process for making same
RU2593875C2 (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-08-10 Рябых Виктор Владимирович Method of producing modified with metal carbon nano structures, foundry alloy for composite materials based on aluminium or aluminium alloy and its production method
US9782136B2 (en) 2014-06-17 2017-10-10 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Intraoral tomosynthesis systems, methods, and computer readable media for dental imaging
EP3640280A1 (en) 2018-10-19 2020-04-22 Evonik Operations GmbH Conductive moulding masses
US10835199B2 (en) 2016-02-01 2020-11-17 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Optical geometry calibration devices, systems, and related methods for three dimensional x-ray imaging
US10980494B2 (en) 2014-10-20 2021-04-20 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Systems and related methods for stationary digital chest tomosynthesis (s-DCT) imaging
WO2021105860A1 (en) 2019-11-26 2021-06-03 Trimtabs Ltd Cables and methods of their production
US11070107B2 (en) * 2012-04-03 2021-07-20 The Boeing Company Open-core flywheel architecture
US11450446B2 (en) 2015-05-05 2022-09-20 Nano-C, Inc. Carbon nanotube based hybrid films for mechanical reinforcement of multilayered, transparent-conductive, laminar stacks

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663230A (en) * 1984-12-06 1987-05-05 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same
US5102647A (en) * 1988-04-12 1992-04-07 Showa Denko K.K. Method of producing vapor growth carbon fibers

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663230A (en) * 1984-12-06 1987-05-05 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same
US5102647A (en) * 1988-04-12 1992-04-07 Showa Denko K.K. Method of producing vapor growth carbon fibers

Non-Patent Citations (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Ajayan et al, "Smallest carbon nanotube", Nature, vol. 358, Jul. 2, 1992.
Ajayan et al, Smallest carbon nanotube , Nature, vol. 358, Jul. 2, 1992. *
Ajayan et al., "Capillarity-induced filling of carbon nanotubes", Nature, vol. 361, No. 6410, Jan. 28, 1993.
Ajayan et al., "Distribution of pertagons and shapes in carbon nano-tubes and nano-particles", Chem. Phys. Lett., vol. 202 No. 5 Jan. 29, 1993.
Ajayan et al., "Opening carbon nantubes with oxygen and implictions for filling", Nature, vol. 362, Apr. 8, 1993.
Ajayan et al., Capillarity induced filling of carbon nanotubes , Nature, vol. 361, No. 6410, Jan. 28, 1993. *
Ajayan et al., Distribution of pertagons and shapes in carbon nano tubes and nano particles , Chem. Phys. Lett., vol. 202 No. 5 Jan. 29, 1993. *
Ajayan et al., Opening carbon nantubes with oxygen and implictions for filling , Nature, vol. 362, Apr. 8, 1993. *
Ando et al., "Preparation of Carbon nanotubes by Arc-Discharge Evaporation", Jpn. Appl. Phys. 32 (Jan. 1993), Pt. 2, No. 1A/B.
Ando et al., Preparation of Carbon nanotubes by Arc Discharge Evaporation , Jpn. Appl. Phys. 32 (Jan. 1993), Pt. 2, No. 1A/B. *
Bacon, "Growth, Structure, and Properties of Graphite Whiskers", Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 31, No. 2, Feb. 1960.
Bacon, Growth, Structure, and Properties of Graphite Whiskers , Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 31, No. 2, Feb. 1960. *
Baker, "Catalytic Growth of Carbon Filaments", Carbon, vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 315-323, 1989 (no month).
Baker, Catalytic Growth of Carbon Filaments , Carbon, vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 315 323, 1989 (no month). *
Baum, R, "Carbon nanotubes opened by oxidation", Apr. 12, 1993 C & EN.
Baum, R, Carbon nanotubes opened by oxidation , Apr. 12, 1993 C & EN. *
Bethune et al., "Cobalt Catalyzed Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes", IBM Research Division, Almaden Reserch Center 650 Harry Road, San Jose, Calif. 15120-6099 (no date).
Bethune et al., Cobalt Catalyzed Growth of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes , IBM Research Division, Almaden Reserch Center 650 Harry Road, San Jose, Calif. 15120 6099 (no date). *
Charlier et al., "Energetics of Multilayered Carbon Tubles", The American Physical Society, Physical Review Letters, vol. 70, No. 12, Mar. 22, 1993.
Charlier et al., Energetics of Multilayered Carbon Tubles , The American Physical Society, Physical Review Letters, vol. 70, No. 12, Mar. 22, 1993. *
Dravid et al., "Buckytubes and Derivatives: Their Growth and Implications for Buckyball Formation", Science, vol. 259, Mar. 12, 1993.
Dravid et al., Buckytubes and Derivatives: Their Growth and Implications for Buckyball Formation , Science, vol. 259, Mar. 12, 1993. *
Ebbesen et al., "Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes", Nature, vol. 358, Jul. 16, 1992.
Ebbesen et al., Large scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes , Nature, vol. 358, Jul. 16, 1992. *
Endo et al., "Formation of Carbon Nanofibers", J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 6941-6944.
Endo et al., Formation of Carbon Nanofibers , J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 6941 6944. *
Endo, "Grow carbon fibers in the vapor phase", Chemtech, Sep. 1988.
Endo, Grow carbon fibers in the vapor phase , Chemtech, Sep. 1988. *
F. Flam, "Condensed Matter Physicists Shrink Their Horizons", Science, vol. 260, Apr. 9, 1993.
F. Flam, Condensed Matter Physicists Shrink Their Horizons , Science, vol. 260, Apr. 9, 1993. *
Ge et al., "How to grow buckytubes", Science, vol. 260, Apr. 23, 1993.
Ge et al., How to grow buckytubes , Science, vol. 260, Apr. 23, 1993. *
I. Peterson, "Wrapping carbon into superstrong tubes", Science Views, vol. 143, 1993 (no month).
I. Peterson, Wrapping carbon into superstrong tubes , Science Views, vol. 143, 1993 (no month). *
Iijima et al., "Pentagons, heptagons and negative curvature in graphite microtuble growth", Nature vol. 356, Apr. 30, 1992.
Iijima et al., "Pentagons, heptagons and negative curvature in graphite microtubule growth", Nature, vol. 356, Apr. 30, 1992.
Iijima et al., Pentagons, heptagons and negative curvature in graphite microtuble growth , Nature vol. 356, Apr. 30, 1992. *
Iijima et al., Pentagons, heptagons and negative curvature in graphite microtubule growth , Nature, vol. 356, Apr. 30, 1992. *
Iijima, "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon", Nature, vol. 354, Nov. 7, 1991.
Iijima, et al., "Growth Model for Carbon Nanotubes", vol. 69, No. 21, Physical Review Letters, Nov. 23, 1992.
Iijima, et al., Growth Model for Carbon Nanotubes , vol. 69, No. 21, Physical Review Letters, Nov. 23, 1992. *
Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon , Nature, vol. 354, Nov. 7, 1991. *
Johnson et al., "Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of lanthanum-containing C82 ", Nature, vol. 355, Jan. 16, 1992.
Johnson et al., Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of lanthanum containing C 82 , Nature, vol. 355, Jan. 16, 1992. *
Jose Yacaman et al., Catalytic growth of carbon microtubles with fullerene structure , Appl. Phys. Lett 62 (6), Feb. 8, 1993. *
Jose-Yacaman et al., "Catalytic growth of carbon microtubles with fullerene structure", Appl. Phys. Lett 62 (6), Feb. 8, 1993.
Kato et al., "Process of formation of vapour-grown carbon fibres by gas-phase reaction using ultrafine iron catalyst particles", Journal of Materials Science Letters 11 (1992) 674-677 (no month).
Kato et al., Process of formation of vapour grown carbon fibres by gas phase reaction using ultrafine iron catalyst particles , Journal of Materials Science Letters 11 (1992) 674 677 (no month). *
Lambin et al., "On the Energetics of Tubular Fullerenes", Institute for Research in Interface Sciences, Facultes N.-D. de la Paix, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium (no date).
Lambin et al., On the Energetics of Tubular Fullerenes , Institute for Research in Interface Sciences, Facultes N. D. de la Paix, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B 5000 Namur, Belgium (no date). *
Oberlin et al., "Filamentous Growth of Carbon through Benzene Decomposition", Journal of Crystal Growth, 32 (1976) 335-349 no month.
Oberlin et al., Filamentous Growth of Carbon through Benzene Decomposition , Journal of Crystal Growth, 32 (1976) 335 349 no month. *
P. M. Ajayan et al., "Smallest carbon nanotube", Nature, vol. 258, Jul. 2, 1992.
P. M. Ajayan et al., Smallest carbon nanotube , Nature, vol. 258, Jul. 2, 1992. *
Pederson et al., "Nanocapillarity in Fullerene Tubules", Physical Review Letters, vol. 69, No. 18, Nov. 2, 1992.
Pederson et al., Nanocapillarity in Fullerene Tubules , Physical Review Letters, vol. 69, No. 18, Nov. 2, 1992. *
Saito et al., "Growth and structure of graphitic tubules and polyhedral particles in arc-discharge", Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 204, No. 3, 4, Mar. 19, 1993.
Saito et al., Growth and structure of graphitic tubules and polyhedral particles in arc discharge , Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 204, No. 3, 4, Mar. 19, 1993. *
Seraphin et al, "Yttrium Carbide in nanotubes", Nature, vol. 362, Apr. 8, 1993.
Seraphin et al, Yttrium Carbide in nanotubes , Nature, vol. 362, Apr. 8, 1993. *
Shinohara et al., "Encapsulation of a scandium trimer in C82 ", Nature, vol. 357, May 7, 1992.
Shinohara et al., Encapsulation of a scandium trimer in C 82 , Nature, vol. 357, May 7, 1992. *
Tsang et al., "Thinning and opening of carbon nanotubes by oxidation using carbon dioxide", Nature, vol. 362, Apr. 8, 1993.
Tsang et al., Thinning and opening of carbon nanotubes by oxidation using carbon dioxide , Nature, vol. 362, Apr. 8, 1993. *
Ugarte, "Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron-beam irradiation", Nature, vol. 359, Oct. 22, 1992.
Ugarte, "Morphology and structure of graphitic soot particles generated in arc-discharge C60 production", Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 198, No. 6, Oct. 23, 1992.
Ugarte, Curling and closure of graphitic networks under electron beam irradiation , Nature, vol. 359, Oct. 22, 1992. *
Ugarte, Morphology and structure of graphitic soot particles generated in arc discharge C 60 production , Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 198, No. 6, Oct. 23, 1992. *
W. Kratschmer et al., "Solid C60 : a new form of carbon", Nature, vol. 347, Sep. 27, 1990.
W. Kratschmer et al., "The infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of laboratory-produced carbon dust: evidence for the presence of the C60 molecule", Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 170, No. 2.3, Jul. 6, 1990.
W. Kratschmer et al., Solid C 60 : a new form of carbon , Nature, vol. 347, Sep. 27, 1990. *
W. Kratschmer et al., The infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of laboratory produced carbon dust: evidence for the presence of the C 60 molecule , Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 170, No. 2.3, Jul. 6, 1990. *
Walker et al., "Chemistry and Physics of Carbon", Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University Park, Pa., vol. 14 no date.
Walker et al., Chemistry and Physics of Carbon , Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University Park, Pa., vol. 14 no date. *
Wang et al., "Growth and characterization of buckybundles", Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (16), Apr. 19, 1993.
Wang et al., Growth and characterization of buckybundles , Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (16), Apr. 19, 1993. *
Yannoni et al., "Scandium Clusters in Fullerene Cages", Science, vol. 256, May 22, 1992,
Yannoni et al., Scandium Clusters in Fullerene Cages , Science, vol. 256, May 22, 1992, *

Cited By (410)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5747161A (en) * 1991-10-31 1998-05-05 Nec Corporation Graphite filaments having tubular structure and method of forming the same
US5482601A (en) * 1994-01-28 1996-01-09 Director-General Of Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Method and device for the production of carbon nanotubes
US20060193868A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 2006-08-31 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Functionalized nanotubes
US20040202603A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 2004-10-14 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Functionalized nanotubes
WO1996018059A1 (en) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-13 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Functionalized fibrils
US7854945B2 (en) 1994-12-08 2010-12-21 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Functionalized nanotubes
US5951832A (en) * 1995-02-09 1999-09-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Ultrafine particle enclosing fullerene and production method thereof
US6183714B1 (en) 1995-09-08 2001-02-06 Rice University Method of making ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes
US7338915B1 (en) 1995-09-08 2008-03-04 Rice University Ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes and compositions thereof
US7070754B2 (en) 1995-09-08 2006-07-04 William Marsh Rice University Ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20050100497A1 (en) * 1995-09-08 2005-05-12 William Marsh Rice University Electrical conductors comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20060008407A1 (en) * 1995-09-08 2006-01-12 William Marsh Rice University Ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes
US6969504B2 (en) 1995-09-08 2005-11-29 William Marsh Rice University Electrical conductors comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes
WO1997032571A1 (en) * 1996-03-06 1997-09-12 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Functionalized nanotubes
US20040265209A1 (en) * 1996-08-08 2004-12-30 William Marsh Rice University Method for end-derivatizing single-wall carbon nanotubes and for introducing an endohedral group to single-wall carbon nanotubes
US7959779B2 (en) 1996-08-08 2011-06-14 William Marsh Rice University Macroscopically manipulable nanoscale devices made from nanotube assemblies
US20100096265A1 (en) * 1996-08-08 2010-04-22 William Marsh Rice University, A Texas University Macroscopically manipulable nanoscale devices made from nanotube assemblies
US20020084410A1 (en) * 1996-08-08 2002-07-04 William Marsh Rice University Macroscopically manipulable nanoscale devices made from nanotube assemblies
US20050244326A1 (en) * 1996-08-08 2005-11-03 William Marsh Rice University Method for fractionating single-wall carbon nanotubes
US7048903B2 (en) * 1996-08-08 2006-05-23 William Marsh Rice University Macroscopically manipulable nanoscale devices made from nanotube assemblies
US7357906B2 (en) 1996-08-08 2008-04-15 William Marsh Rice University Method for fractionating single-wall carbon nanotubes
US7205021B2 (en) * 1997-01-16 2007-04-17 Ambit Corp Optical antenna array for harmonic generation, mixing and signal amplification
US20040169615A1 (en) * 1997-01-16 2004-09-02 Crowley Robert Joseph Optical antenna array for harmonic generation, mixing and signal amplification
US7097821B1 (en) 1997-08-04 2006-08-29 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts and single wall nanotubes produced according to this method
US7074379B2 (en) 1997-08-04 2006-07-11 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts and single wall nanotubes produced according to this method
US6827919B1 (en) 1997-08-04 2004-12-07 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts and single wall nanotubes produced according to this method
US7144564B2 (en) 1997-08-04 2006-12-05 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts and single wall nanotubes produced according to this method
US6221330B1 (en) * 1997-08-04 2001-04-24 Hyperion Catalysis International Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts
WO1999006618A1 (en) 1997-08-04 1999-02-11 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts and single wall nanotubes
US20060239897A1 (en) * 1997-08-04 2006-10-26 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Process for producing single wall nanotubes using unsupported metal catalysts and single wall nanotubes produced according to this method
US6331690B1 (en) * 1997-12-22 2001-12-18 Nec Corporation Process for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes uniform in diameter and laser ablation apparatus used therein
US5928450A (en) * 1998-02-05 1999-07-27 Russell; Daniel Nelson Process of making fractal tubes
US6426134B1 (en) 1998-06-30 2002-07-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Single-wall carbon nanotube-polymer composites
US6455021B1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2002-09-24 Showa Denko K.K. Method for producing carbon nanotubes
US7125534B1 (en) 1998-09-18 2006-10-24 William Marsh Rice University Catalytic growth of single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles
US20070003470A1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2007-01-04 William Marsh Rice University Ropes comprised of single-walled and double-walled carbon nanotubes
US6645455B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2003-11-11 William Marsh Rice University Chemical derivatization of single-wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate solvation thereof; and use of derivatized nanotubes to form catalyst-containing seed materials for use in making carbon fibers
US6875412B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2005-04-05 William Marsh Rice University Chemically modifying single wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate dispersal in solvents
US20070098621A1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2007-05-03 William Marsh Rice University Sidewall derivatized carbon nanotubes
US6827918B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2004-12-07 William Marsh Rice University Dispersions and solutions of fluorinated single-wall carbon nanotubes
US7201887B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2007-04-10 William Marsh Rice University Catalytic growth of single-and double-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles
US20020110513A1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2002-08-15 Margrave John L. Chemical derivatization of single-wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate solvation thereof; and use of derivatized nanotubes to form catalyst-containing seed materials for use in making carbon fibers
US7527780B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2009-05-05 William Marsh Rice University Functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20030175200A1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2003-09-18 William Marsh Rice University Catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles
US7150864B1 (en) 1998-09-18 2006-12-19 William Marsh Rice University Ropes comprised of single-walled and double-walled carbon nanotubes
US7780939B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2010-08-24 William Marsh Rice University Sidewall derivatized carbon nanotubes
US6841139B2 (en) 1998-09-18 2005-01-11 William Marsh Rice University Methods of chemically derivatizing single-wall carbon nanotubes
US6835366B1 (en) 1998-09-18 2004-12-28 William Marsh Rice University Chemical derivatization of single-wall carbon nanotubes to facilitate solvation thereof, and use of derivatized nanotubes
US20050244327A9 (en) * 1998-09-18 2005-11-03 William Marsh Rice University Catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles
US20040223901A1 (en) * 1998-11-03 2004-11-11 William Marsh Rice University Single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO
US6761870B1 (en) 1998-11-03 2004-07-13 William Marsh Rice University Gas-phase nucleation and growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO
US7204970B2 (en) 1998-11-03 2007-04-17 William Marsh Rice University Single-wall carbon nanotubes from high pressure CO
US20020122754A1 (en) * 1999-03-23 2002-09-05 Ryzhkov Vladislav Andeevitch Method and device for producing higher fullerenes and nanotubes
US7112315B2 (en) 1999-04-14 2006-09-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular nanowires from single walled carbon nanotubes
US7563428B2 (en) 1999-06-02 2009-07-21 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Method of making carbon nanotubes
US20070116630A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2007-05-24 Resasco Daniel E Method of producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20040131532A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2004-07-08 Resasco Daniel E. Method and catalyst for producing single walled carbon nanotubes
US7094386B2 (en) 1999-06-02 2006-08-22 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Method of producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US7816709B2 (en) 1999-06-02 2010-10-19 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Single-walled carbon nanotube-ceramic composites and methods of use
US20100240529A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2010-09-23 Leandro Balzano Single-walled carbon nanotube-ceramic composites and methods of use
US7354881B2 (en) 1999-06-02 2008-04-08 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Method and catalyst for producing single walled carbon nanotubes
US20050025696A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2005-02-03 Resasco Daniel E. Method of producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20080107588A1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2008-05-08 Resasco Daniel E Method of producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US6962892B2 (en) 1999-06-02 2005-11-08 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Metallic catalytic particle for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20060213599A1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2006-09-28 Knowles Timothy R Fiber adhesive material
US7144624B2 (en) 1999-06-14 2006-12-05 Energy Science Laboratories, Inc. Dendritic fiber material
US20020100581A1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2002-08-01 Knowles Timothy R. Thermal interface
US6913075B1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2005-07-05 Energy Science Laboratories, Inc. Dendritic fiber material
US20040009353A1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2004-01-15 Knowles Timothy R. PCM/aligned fiber composite thermal interface
US20040071870A1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2004-04-15 Knowles Timothy R. Fiber adhesive material
US7132161B2 (en) 1999-06-14 2006-11-07 Energy Science Laboratories, Inc. Fiber adhesive material
US20050164001A1 (en) * 1999-07-26 2005-07-28 Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Hybrid materials and methods for producing the same
US20030155692A1 (en) * 1999-07-26 2003-08-21 Luzzi David E. Hybrid materials and methods for producing the same
US6863857B2 (en) 1999-07-26 2005-03-08 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Hybrid materials and methods for producing the same
US7332222B2 (en) 1999-07-26 2008-02-19 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Hybrid materials and methods for producing the same
US6544463B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2003-04-08 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Hybrid materials and methods for producing the same
US6692717B1 (en) 1999-09-17 2004-02-17 William Marsh Rice University Catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles
US7033650B2 (en) * 1999-09-29 2006-04-25 Electrovac, Fabrikation, Elektrotechnischer Spezialartikel, Gesellschaft Mbh Method of producing a nanotube layer on a substrate
US6790425B1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2004-09-14 Wiliam Marsh Rice University Macroscopic ordered assembly of carbon nanotubes
US6437329B1 (en) 1999-10-27 2002-08-20 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Use of carbon nanotubes as chemical sensors by incorporation of fluorescent molecules within the tube
US20080210370A1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2008-09-04 Smalley Richard E Macroscopic ordered assembly of carbon nanotubes
US7323136B1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2008-01-29 William Marsh Rice University Containerless mixing of metals and polymers with fullerenes and nanofibers to produce reinforced advanced materials
US20080038140A1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2008-02-14 Enrique V Barrera Containerless mixing of metals and polymers with fullerenes and nanofibers to produce reinforced advanced materials
US6689439B2 (en) * 2000-03-08 2004-02-10 Zbigniew S. Sobolewski Micro-stud diffusion substrate for use in fuel cells
US6502419B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2003-01-07 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Electro-desorption compressor
US6455847B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2002-09-24 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Carbon nanotube probes in atomic force microscope to detect partially open/closed contacts
US6884404B2 (en) * 2000-05-31 2005-04-26 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing carbon nanotubes and/or fullerenes, and manufacturing apparatus for the same
US20020131910A1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2002-09-19 Resasco Daniel E. Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes
US7585482B2 (en) 2000-06-02 2009-09-08 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes
US7459138B2 (en) 2000-06-02 2008-12-02 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Process and apparatus for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US6955800B2 (en) 2000-06-02 2005-10-18 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes
US20080008644A1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2008-01-10 Resasco Daniel E Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes
US20060039849A1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2006-02-23 Resasco Daniel E Process and apparatus for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US6908572B1 (en) 2000-07-17 2005-06-21 University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Mixing and dispersion of nanotubes by gas or vapor expansion
US6451175B1 (en) 2000-08-15 2002-09-17 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method and apparatus for carbon nanotube production
US6858349B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2005-02-22 The Gillette Company Battery cathode
US6876724B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2005-04-05 The University Of North Carolina - Chapel Hill Large-area individually addressable multi-beam x-ray system and method of forming same
US20060008047A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2006-01-12 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Computed tomography system for imaging of human and small animal
US20070009081A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2007-01-11 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Computed tomography system for imaging of human and small animal
US7082182B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2006-07-25 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Computed tomography system for imaging of human and small animal
US20050226361A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2005-10-13 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Computed tomography scanning system and method using a field emission x-ray source
US20030142790A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2003-07-31 Zhou Otto Z. X-ray generating mechanism using electron field emission cathode
US20020094064A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-07-18 Zhou Otto Z. Large-area individually addressable multi-beam x-ray system and method of forming same
US7227924B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2007-06-05 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Computed tomography scanning system and method using a field emission x-ray source
US20060018432A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2006-01-26 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Large-area individually addressable multi-beam x-ray system and method of forming same
US6850595B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2005-02-01 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill X-ray generating mechanism using electron field emission cathode
US20060274889A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2006-12-07 University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Method and apparatus for controlling electron beam current
US6800369B2 (en) 2000-11-13 2004-10-05 International Business Machines Corporation Crystals comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20060060825A1 (en) * 2001-03-26 2006-03-23 Glatkowski Paul J Coatings comprising carbon nanotubes and methods for forming same
US7060241B2 (en) 2001-03-26 2006-06-13 Eikos, Inc. Coatings comprising carbon nanotubes and methods for forming same
US20020172867A1 (en) * 2001-04-10 2002-11-21 Anglin David L. Battery cathode
US20080036358A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2008-02-14 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Field Emission Devices Using Ion Bombarded Carbon Nanotubes
US7960904B2 (en) 2001-06-14 2011-06-14 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Field emission devices using carbon nanotubes modified by energy, plasma, chemical or mechanical treatment
US20080203886A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2008-08-28 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Field emission devices using modified carbon nanotubes
US20070170414A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2007-07-26 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Field emission devices using modified carbon nanotubes
US7125502B2 (en) 2001-07-06 2006-10-24 William Marsh Rice University Fibers of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes and process for making the same
US20030133865A1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-07-17 William Marsh Rice University Single-wall carbon nanotube alewives, process for making, and compositions thereof
US20030170166A1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-09-11 William Marsh Rice University Fibers of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes and process for making the same
US7288238B2 (en) 2001-07-06 2007-10-30 William Marsh Rice University Single-wall carbon nanotube alewives, process for making, and compositions thereof
US7968073B2 (en) * 2001-07-10 2011-06-28 Battelle Memorial Institute Stable aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes
US20050112053A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2005-05-26 Clarke Mark S. Production of stable aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes government interests
WO2003008331A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-01-30 Kh Chemicals Co., Ltd Preparation of carbon nanotubes
US20030161782A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-08-28 Young-Nam Kim Preparation of carbon nanotubes
US7329398B2 (en) * 2001-07-20 2008-02-12 Kh Chemicals Co., Ltd. Preparation of carbon nanotubes
US20040197260A1 (en) * 2001-07-23 2004-10-07 Resasco Daniel E. Method for producing single walled carbon nanotubes
US7357907B2 (en) 2001-07-23 2008-04-15 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Method for producing single walled carbon nanotubes
US7745810B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2010-06-29 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube films and articles
US20030199172A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-10-23 Thomas Rueckes Methods of nanotube films and articles
US6706402B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2004-03-16 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube films and articles
US7342818B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2008-03-11 Nantero, Inc. Hybrid circuit having nanotube electromechanical memory
US7335528B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2008-02-26 Nantero, Inc. Methods of nanotube films and articles
US7120047B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2006-10-10 Segal Brent M Device selection circuitry constructed with nanotube technology
US7566478B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2009-07-28 Nantero, Inc. Methods of making carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles
US20040085805A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-05-06 Nantero, Inc. Device selection circuitry constructed with nanotube technology
US6942921B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2005-09-13 Nantero, Inc. Nanotube films and articles
US7304357B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2007-12-04 Nantero, Inc. Devices having horizontally-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US7056758B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2006-06-06 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical memory array using nanotube ribbons and method for making same
US6919592B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2005-07-19 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical memory array using nanotube ribbons and method for making same
US7298016B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2007-11-20 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical memory array using nanotube ribbons and method for making same
US6643165B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2003-11-04 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical memory having cell selection circuitry constructed with nanotube technology
US7274078B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2007-09-25 Nantero, Inc. Devices having vertically-disposed nanofabric articles and methods of making the same
US7264990B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2007-09-04 Nantero, Inc. Methods of nanotubes films and articles
US20030165074A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-09-04 Nantero, Inc. Hybrid circuit having nanotube electromechanical memory
US6835591B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2004-12-28 Nantero, Inc. Methods of nanotube films and articles
US6574130B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2003-06-03 Nantero, Inc. Hybrid circuit having nanotube electromechanical memory
US8101976B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2012-01-24 Nantero Inc. Device selection circuitry constructed with nanotube ribbon technology
US6836424B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2004-12-28 Nantero, Inc. Hybrid circuit having nanotube electromechanical memory
US20050063210A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2005-03-24 Nantero, Inc. Hybrid circuit having nanotube electromechanical memory
US20070120100A1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2007-05-31 Glatkowski Paul J Conformal coatings comprising carbon nanotubes
US20040071949A1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2004-04-15 Glatkowski Paul J. Conformal coatings comprising carbon nanotubes
US7118693B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2006-10-10 Eikos, Inc. Conformal coatings comprising carbon nanotubes
US6641792B2 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-11-04 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Hollow carbon fiber and production method
US7273652B2 (en) * 2001-08-03 2007-09-25 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Hollow carbon fiber and production method
US6743500B2 (en) * 2001-08-03 2004-06-01 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Hollow carbon fiber and production method
US20050245665A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2005-11-03 Chenggang Chen Method of forming nanocomposite materials
US7029603B2 (en) 2001-08-17 2006-04-18 University Of Dayton Conductive polymeric nanocomposite materials
US20050272847A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2005-12-08 Chyi-Shan Wang Method of forming nanocomposite materials
US20060079623A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2006-04-13 Chenggang Chen Method of forming nanocomposite materials
US6680016B2 (en) * 2001-08-17 2004-01-20 University Of Dayton Method of forming conductive polymeric nanocomposite materials
US20040089851A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2004-05-13 Chyi-Shan Wang Conductive polymeric nanocomposite materials
US20040258604A1 (en) * 2001-09-06 2004-12-23 Ryzhkov Vladislay Andreevitch Apparatus and method for nanoparticle and nanotube production and use therefor for gas storage
US7041372B2 (en) * 2001-09-19 2006-05-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation Anti-ballistic nanotube structures
US20040241077A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2004-12-02 Ryzhkov Vladislav Andreevitch Short carbon nanotubes
US7244408B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2007-07-17 Rosseter Holdings Limited Short carbon nanotubes
US8062702B2 (en) 2001-11-20 2011-11-22 William Marsh Rice University Coated fullerenes, composites and dielectrics made therefrom
US20040265211A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2004-12-30 Dillon Anne C. Hot wire production of single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20060099136A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2006-05-11 Dillon Anne C Hot wire production of single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes
US7820132B2 (en) 2001-12-14 2010-10-26 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Hot wire production of single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes
US7915066B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2011-03-29 Nantero, Inc. Methods of making electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US6911682B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2005-06-28 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US6784028B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2004-08-31 Nantero, Inc. Methods of making electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US7521736B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2009-04-21 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US20040191978A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2004-09-30 Nantero, Inc. Methods of making electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US20040164289A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2004-08-26 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US6979590B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2005-12-27 Nantero, Inc. Methods of making electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US7176505B2 (en) 2001-12-28 2007-02-13 Nantero, Inc. Electromechanical three-trace junction devices
US20040265491A1 (en) * 2002-01-08 2004-12-30 Sumio Iijima Method of manufacturing the densely fitted multi-layer carbon nano-tube
US6967043B2 (en) * 2002-01-08 2005-11-22 Japan Science And Technology Agency Method of manufacturing the densely fitted multi-layer carbon nano-tube
US20040022981A1 (en) * 2002-04-01 2004-02-05 Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc. Composite of single-wall carbon nanotubes and aromatic polyamide and process for making the same
US7335395B2 (en) 2002-04-23 2008-02-26 Nantero, Inc. Methods of using pre-formed nanotubes to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles
US20030211030A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2003-11-13 Smiljanic Olivier Method and apparatus for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20080124482A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2008-05-29 Olivier Smiljanic Method and apparatus for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20080226536A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2008-09-18 Olivier Smiljanic Method and apparatus for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes
US20100300358A1 (en) * 2002-05-09 2010-12-02 Olivier Smiljanic Apparatus for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes
US7591989B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2009-09-22 Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique Method and apparatus for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes
US8071906B2 (en) 2002-05-09 2011-12-06 Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique Apparatus for producing single-wall carbon nanotubes
US7864018B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2011-01-04 International Rectifier Corporation Planar transformer arrangement
US20060109072A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2006-05-25 International Rectifier Corporation Planar transformer arrangement
US7414507B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2008-08-19 International Rectifier Corporation Planar transformer arrangement
US20040027224A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2004-02-12 International Rectifier Corporation Planar transformer arrangement
US20080266043A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2008-10-30 International Rectifier Corporation Planar transformer arrangement
US8545730B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2013-10-01 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Electroconductive carbon fibril-based inks and coatings
US20080111110A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2008-05-15 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Electroconductive Carbon Fibril-based Inks and Coatings
US7852613B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2010-12-14 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Electroconductive carbon fibril-based inks and coatings
US8083970B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2011-12-27 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Electroconductive carbon fibril-based inks and coatings
US7829622B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2010-11-09 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Methods of making polymer composites containing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20100160553A1 (en) * 2002-06-19 2010-06-24 Mcdaniel Neal D Methods of making polymer composites containing single-walled carbon nanotubes
US7078008B2 (en) 2002-10-01 2006-07-18 Conocophillips Company Process for converting alkanes to carbon filaments
US20040062704A1 (en) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-01 Conoco Inc. Process for converting alkanes to carbon filaments
US20040073251A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-15 Jan Weber Nanotube paper-based medical device
US20040138733A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-07-15 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Nano-actuated medical device
US7493160B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2009-02-17 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Nano-actuated medical device
US7037319B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2006-05-02 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Nanotube paper-based medical device
US7306503B2 (en) * 2002-10-18 2007-12-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process
US20100173099A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2010-07-08 C/O Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for carbon fiber fixed on a substrate
US20040077249A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-22 Yasuyuki Saito Method and apparatus for carbon fiber fixed on a substrate
US8361349B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2013-01-29 William Marsh Rice University Fabrication of light emitting film coated fullerenes and their application for in-vivo light emission
US20080171204A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2008-07-17 William Marsh Rice University Fabrication of light emitting film coated fullerenes and their application for in-vivo light emission
US7682527B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2010-03-23 William Marsh Rice University Fabrication of light emitting film coated fullerenes and their application for in-vivo light emission
US20100151248A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2010-06-17 William Marsh Rice University Fabrication of light emitting film coated fullerenes and their application for in-vivo emission
US7692218B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2010-04-06 William Marsh Rice University Method for creating a functional interface between a nanoparticle, nanotube or nanowire, and a biological molecule or system
US20060145194A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2006-07-06 William Marsh Rice University Method for creating a functional interface between a nanoparticle, nanotube or nanowire, and a biological molecule or system
US7560136B2 (en) 2003-01-13 2009-07-14 Nantero, Inc. Methods of using thin metal layers to make carbon nanotube films, layers, fabrics, ribbons, elements and articles
US20100098877A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2010-04-22 Cooper Christopher H Large scale manufacturing of nanostructured material
US20050263456A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-12-01 Cooper Christopher H Nanomesh article and method of using the same for purifying fluids
US7211320B1 (en) 2003-03-07 2007-05-01 Seldon Technologies, Llc Purification of fluids with nanomaterials
US20070084797A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2007-04-19 Seldon Technologies, Llc Purification of fluids with nanomaterials
US7419601B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2008-09-02 Seldon Technologies, Llc Nanomesh article and method of using the same for purifying fluids
US20070160522A1 (en) * 2003-04-02 2007-07-12 Beyong-Hwan Ryu Method of preparing carbon nanotube from liquid phased-carbon source
US8398948B2 (en) 2003-04-02 2013-03-19 Korea Research Institute Of Chemical Technology Method of preparing carbon nanotube from liquid phased-carbon source
WO2004102659A2 (en) * 2003-05-08 2004-11-25 Curamik Electronics Gmbh Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module
WO2004102659A3 (en) * 2003-05-08 2005-06-09 Curamik Electronics Gmbh Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module
US20060263584A1 (en) * 2003-05-08 2006-11-23 Jurgen Schulz-Harder Composite material, electrical circuit or electric module
US7466523B1 (en) * 2003-07-10 2008-12-16 Yingjian Chen Nanotube spin valve and method of producing the same
WO2005009589A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-02-03 Koslow Technologies Corporation Carbon or activated carbon nanofibers
US20050011827A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-20 Koslow Evan E. Carbon or activated carbon nanofibers
US7296691B2 (en) 2003-07-18 2007-11-20 Kx Technologies Llc Carbon or activated carbon nanofibers
US20050042163A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-02-24 Conocophillips Company Metal loaded carbon filaments
JP2012102012A (en) * 2003-10-16 2012-05-31 Univ Of Akron Carbon nanotube on carbon nanofiber substrate
JP2007515364A (en) * 2003-10-16 2007-06-14 ザ ユニバーシティ オブ アクロン Carbon nanotubes on carbon nanofiber substrate
US7416583B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2008-08-26 General Electric Company Appliance having a container including a nanostructured material for hydrogen storage
US20050092241A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-05-05 General Electric Company Appliance having a container including a nanostructured material for hydrogen storage
US7803426B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2010-09-28 General Electric Company Appliance having a container including a nanostructured material for hydrogen storage
US20080272008A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2008-11-06 General Electric Company Appliance having a container including a nanostructured material for hydrogen storage
US20050123467A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2005-06-09 Avetik Harutyunyan Systems and methods for production of carbon nanostructures
US7981396B2 (en) 2003-12-03 2011-07-19 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods for production of carbon nanostructures
US20060057055A1 (en) * 2003-12-15 2006-03-16 Resasco Daniel E Rhenium catalysts and methods for production of single-walled carbon nanotubes
US20050142313A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Grah Michael D. Method of shrinking a film
US7335327B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2008-02-26 Cryovac, Inc. Method of shrinking a film
US20080213161A1 (en) * 2004-01-09 2008-09-04 Olga Matarredona Carbon nanotube pastes and methods of use
US7279247B2 (en) 2004-01-09 2007-10-09 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Carbon nanotube pastes and methods of use
US20060039848A1 (en) * 2004-01-09 2006-02-23 Olga Matarredona Carbon nanotube pastes and methods of use
CN1918067B (en) * 2004-02-09 2011-01-26 Kh化学有限公司 A method for the preparation of y-branched carbon nanotubes
US20050266162A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-12-01 Jiazhong Luo Carbon nanotube stripping solutions and methods
US8632699B2 (en) 2004-04-07 2014-01-21 Eikos, Inc. Fugitive viscosity and stability modifiers for carbon nanotube compositions
US20080135815A1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2008-06-12 Glatkowski Paul J Fugitive Viscosity and Stability Modifiers For Carbon Nanotube Compositions
US20050255033A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-11-17 Yutaka Shimoji Laser fabrication of continuous nanofibers
US20080044651A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2008-02-21 Mysticmd Inc. Coatings Comprising Carbon Nanotubes
US8263037B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2012-09-11 Clean Technology International Corporation Spherical carbon nanostructure and method for producing spherical carbon nanostructures
US20080050303A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2008-02-28 Wagner Anthony S Reactant Liquid System For Facilitating The Production Of Carbon Nanostructures
US20110189076A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2011-08-04 Wagner Anthony S Spherical carbon nanostructure and method for producing spherical carbon nanostructures
US20100172817A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2010-07-08 Wagner Anthony S Method And Apparatus For Preparing A Collection Surface For Use In Producing Carbon Nanostructures
US20060008405A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-12 Wagner Anthony S Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanostructures
US7815885B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2010-10-19 Clean Technology International Corporation Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanostructures
US20090155160A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2009-06-18 Wagner Anthony S Method and Apparatus for Producing Carbon Nanostructures
US7550128B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2009-06-23 Clean Technologies International Corporation Method and apparatus for producing carbon nanostructures
US9133033B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2015-09-15 Clean Technology International Corp. Reactant liquid system for facilitating the production of carbon nanostructures
US7922993B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2011-04-12 Clean Technology International Corporation Spherical carbon nanostructure and method for producing spherical carbon nanostructures
US20060008403A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-12 Clean Technologies International Corporation Reactant liquid system for facilitating the production of carbon nanostructures
US7563426B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2009-07-21 Clean Technologies International Corporation Method and apparatus for preparing a collection surface for use in producing carbon nanostructures
US20060008406A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-12 Clean Technologies International Corporation Method and apparatus for preparing a collection surface for use in producing carbon nanostructures
US20070116633A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2007-05-24 Clean Technologies International Corporation Spherical carbon nanostructure and method for producing spherical carbon nanostructures
US7901653B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2011-03-08 Clean Technology International Corporation Spherical carbon nanostructure and method for producing spherical carbon nanostructures
US20110033366A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2011-02-10 Wagner Anthony S Reactant liquid system for facilitating the production of carbon nanostructures
US20080056980A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2008-03-06 Wagner Anthony S Spherical carbon nanostructure and method for producing spherical carbon nanostructures
US7815886B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2010-10-19 Clean Technology International Corporation Reactant liquid system for facilitating the production of carbon nanostructures
US7814846B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2010-10-19 Clean Technology International Corporation Method and apparatus for preparing a collection area for use in producing carbon nanostructures
US7229944B2 (en) * 2004-07-23 2007-06-12 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Fiber structures including catalysts and methods associated with the same
US20060019819A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-01-26 Yang Shao-Horn Fiber structures including catalysts and methods associated with the same
US20060021510A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 University Of North Texas Method and apparatus for hydrogen production from greenhouse gas saturated carbon nanotubes and synthesis of carbon nanostructures therefrom
US7468097B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2008-12-23 University Of North Texas Method and apparatus for hydrogen production from greenhouse gas saturated carbon nanotubes and synthesis of carbon nanostructures therefrom
US20100003185A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2010-01-07 Wagner Anthony S Method and apparatus for producing fine carbon particles
US8197787B2 (en) 2004-08-16 2012-06-12 Clean Technology International Corporation Method and apparatus for producing fine carbon particles
US8163831B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2012-04-24 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Thermosets containing carbon nanotubes by extrusion
US7566749B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2009-07-28 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Conductive thermosets by extrusion
US7910650B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2011-03-22 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Conductive thermosets by extrusion
US20080036123A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2008-02-14 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Conductive thermosets by extrusion
US20110133133A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2011-06-09 Alan Fischer Thermosets containing carbon nanotubes by extrusion
US20070238826A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2007-10-11 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Conductive thermosets by extrusion
EP3235781A1 (en) 2004-09-09 2017-10-25 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Synthesis of small and narrow diameter distributed carbon single-walled nanotubes
US20060078489A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-04-13 Avetik Harutyunyan Synthesis of small and narrow diameter distributed carbon single walled nanotubes
WO2007024242A2 (en) 2004-09-09 2007-03-01 Honda Motor Co. Ltd. Synthesis of small and narrow diameter distributed carbon single-walled nanotubes
US10384943B2 (en) 2004-09-09 2019-08-20 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Synthesis of small and narrow diameter distributed carbon single walled nanotubes
US20060083927A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Zyvex Corporation Thermal interface incorporating nanotubes
US20080031802A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2008-02-07 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Ozonolysis of carbon nanotubes
US7923403B2 (en) 2004-11-16 2011-04-12 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes networks
US7968489B2 (en) 2004-11-16 2011-06-28 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Methods of preparing supported catalysts from metal loaded carbon nanotubes
US20060239893A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-10-26 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes
US7862795B2 (en) 2004-11-16 2011-01-04 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes
US20080176740A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2008-07-24 Jun Ma Method for preparing catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes networks
US20080175786A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2008-07-24 Xinjie Zhang Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes
US20080039315A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2008-02-14 Jun Ma Methods of preparing supported catalysts from metal loaded carbon nanotubes
US8287836B2 (en) 2004-11-16 2012-10-16 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes
US20100239489A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2010-09-23 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods for Controlling the Quality of Metal Nanocatalyst for Growing High Yield Carbon Nanotubes
US20090093360A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2009-04-09 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing catalyst supports and supported catalysts from single walled carbon nanotubes
US7396798B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2008-07-08 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing catalyst supports and supported catalysts from single walled carbon nanotubes
US7611687B1 (en) 2004-11-17 2009-11-03 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Welding of carbon single-walled nanotubes by microwave treatment
US20090255799A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2009-10-15 Avetik Harutyunyan Welding of carbon single-walled nanotubes by microwave treatment
US7485600B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2009-02-03 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Catalyst for synthesis of carbon single-walled nanotubes
US20060137817A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-06-29 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing catalyst supports and supported catalysts from single walled carbon nanotubes
US20060104890A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-05-18 Avetik Harutyunyan Catalyst for synthesis of carbon single-walled nanotubes
US8012447B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2011-09-06 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods for controlling the quality of metal nanocatalyst for growing high yield carbon nanotubes
US7871591B2 (en) 2005-01-11 2011-01-18 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods for growing long carbon single-walled nanotubes
US20060228289A1 (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-10-12 Avetik Harutyunyan Methods for growing long carbon single-walled nanotubes
US8496904B2 (en) 2005-02-07 2013-07-30 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Single-walled carbon nanotube catalysts and method for preparing same
US20100086472A1 (en) * 2005-02-07 2010-04-08 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Single-walled carbon nanotube catalysts and method for preparing same
US8834827B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2014-09-16 National Research Council Of Canada Method and apparatus for the continuous production and functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using a high frequency plasma torch
US7947247B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2011-05-24 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes from a metal layer
US20100221173A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2010-09-02 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes from a metal layer
US8529862B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2013-09-10 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes from a metal layer
US20110002838A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2011-01-06 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc Method for preparing single walled carbon nanotubes from a metal layer
US8119021B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2012-02-21 Drexel University Functional nanoparticle filled carbon nanotubes and methods of their production
US20090202644A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2009-08-13 Drexel University Functional nanoparticle filled carbon nanotubes and methods of their production
US8155262B2 (en) 2005-04-25 2012-04-10 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Methods, systems, and computer program products for multiplexing computed tomography
US20100239064A1 (en) * 2005-04-25 2010-09-23 Unc-Chapel Hill Methods, systems, and computer program products for multiplexing computed tomography
US20060286024A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Baker R Terry K Synthesis and cleaving of carbon nanochips
US7867616B2 (en) 2005-06-17 2011-01-11 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Carbon single-walled nanotubes as electrodes for electrochromic glasses
US20060284538A1 (en) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Avetik Harutyunyan Carbon single-walled nanotubes as electrodes for electrochromic glasses
US7842387B2 (en) 2005-06-28 2010-11-30 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Methods for growing and harvesting carbon nanotubes
US20070116629A1 (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-05-24 Avetik Harutyunyan Methods for synthesis of high quality carbon single-walled nanotubes
US20100308279A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2010-12-09 Chaohui Zhou Conductive Silicone and Methods for Preparing Same
US20090296516A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2009-12-03 Sulzer Mixpac Ag Dynamic Mixer
US20090168301A1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2009-07-02 Honda Motor Co., Ltd Functionalized Nanotube Material for Supercapacitor Electrodes
US7435476B2 (en) 2005-10-13 2008-10-14 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Functionalized nanotube material for supercapacitor electrodes
US20080013258A1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2008-01-17 Honda R&D Americas, Inc. Functionalized nanotube material for supercapacitor electrodes
US9126828B2 (en) 2005-11-16 2015-09-08 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Mixed structures of single walled and multi walled carbon nanotubes
US20080176052A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2008-07-24 Jun Ma Mixed Structures of Single Walled and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes
US20100086471A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2010-04-08 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Mixed structures of single walled and multi walled carbon nanotubes
US8163263B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2012-04-24 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Catalyst for the growth of carbon single-walled nanotubes
US20070281087A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-12-06 Harutyunyan Avetik R Catalyst for the Growth of Carbon Single-Walled Nanotubes
US20080279753A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2008-11-13 Harutyunyan Avetik R Method and Apparatus for Growth of High Quality Carbon Single-Walled Nanotubes
US8962130B2 (en) 2006-03-10 2015-02-24 Rohr, Inc. Low density lightning strike protection for use in airplanes
US20090227162A1 (en) * 2006-03-10 2009-09-10 Goodrich Corporation Low density lightning strike protection for use in airplanes
US20070227700A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Dimitrakopoulos Christos D VLSI chip hot-spot minimization using nanotubes
US20080316711A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2008-12-25 International Business Machines Corporation Vlsi hot-spot minimization using nanotubes
US9151550B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2015-10-06 International Business Machines Corporation VLSI hot-spot minimization using nanotubes
US20080279751A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2008-11-13 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing uniform single walled carbon nanotubes
US7951351B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2011-05-31 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Method for preparing uniform single walled carbon nanotubes
US7842554B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2010-11-30 International Business Machines Corporation VLSI hot-spot minimization using nanotubes
US8092904B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2012-01-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical article having an antistatic layer
US20070231561A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical article having an antistatic layer
US7796999B1 (en) 2006-04-03 2010-09-14 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Method and system for network-directed media buffer-size setting based on device features
US20090176112A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2009-07-09 Kruckenberg Teresa M Modification of reinforcing fiber tows used in composite materials by using nanoreinforcements
US7832983B2 (en) 2006-05-02 2010-11-16 Goodrich Corporation Nacelles and nacelle components containing nanoreinforced carbon fiber composite material
US20110001086A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2011-01-06 Goodrich Corporation Methods of making nanoreinforced carbon fiber and components comprising nanoreinforced carbon fiber
US20080069420A1 (en) * 2006-05-19 2008-03-20 Jian Zhang Methods, systems, and computer porgram products for binary multiplexing x-ray radiography
US8189893B2 (en) 2006-05-19 2012-05-29 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Methods, systems, and computer program products for binary multiplexing x-ray radiography
US8752279B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2014-06-17 Goodrich Corporation Methods of protecting an aircraft component from ice formation
US20080166563A1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-10 Goodrich Corporation Electrothermal heater made from thermally conducting electrically insulating polymer material
US20100143691A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2010-06-10 Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. High heat conduction composite material
US8053069B2 (en) * 2007-04-17 2011-11-08 Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. High heat conduction composite material
US20080276987A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Vanguard Solar, Inc. Nanostructured Solar Cells
US8431818B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2013-04-30 Vanguard Solar, Inc. Solar cells and photodetectors with semiconducting nanostructures
US7999176B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2011-08-16 Vanguard Solar, Inc. Nanostructured solar cells
US20100206362A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2010-08-19 Vanguard Solar, Inc. Solar Cells and Photodetectors With Semiconducting Nanostructures
US8433417B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2013-04-30 Newcyte, Inc. Carbon nanostructure artificial retinal implant
US20080288067A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-20 Newcyte, Inc. Artificial retinal implant
US20090022264A1 (en) * 2007-07-19 2009-01-22 Zhou Otto Z Stationary x-ray digital breast tomosynthesis systems and related methods
US7751528B2 (en) 2007-07-19 2010-07-06 The University Of North Carolina Stationary x-ray digital breast tomosynthesis systems and related methods
TWI463614B (en) * 2007-10-18 2014-12-01 Ibm On-chip temperature gradient minimization using carbon nanotube cooling structures with variable cooling capacityy
US8063483B2 (en) 2007-10-18 2011-11-22 International Business Machines Corporation On-chip temperature gradient minimization using carbon nanotube cooling structures with variable cooling capacity
US20090102046A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-23 International Business Machines Corporation On-chip temperature gradient minimization using carbon nanotube cooling structures with variable cooling capacity
US20090208391A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-08-20 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Processes for the recovery of catalytic metal and carbon nanotubes
US8852547B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2014-10-07 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Processes for the recovery of catalytic metal and carbon nanotubes
US20100047522A1 (en) * 2008-03-14 2010-02-25 Nano-C, Inc. Carbon nanotube-transparent conductive inorganic nanoparticles hybrid thin films for transparent conductive applications
US9214256B2 (en) 2008-03-14 2015-12-15 Nano-C, Inc. Carbon nanotube-transparent conductive inorganic nanoparticles hybrid thin films for transparent conductive applications
US20100021794A1 (en) * 2008-07-23 2010-01-28 Korea Institute Of Science And Techology Method of fabricating carbon material, carbon material prepared by the method, cell material and apparatus using the same
US8486584B2 (en) 2008-07-23 2013-07-16 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Method of fabricating carbon material, carbon material prepared by the method, cell material and apparatus using the same
US20110220191A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-09-15 Vanguard Solar, Inc. Solar cells and photodetectors with semiconducting nanostructures
US20100329413A1 (en) * 2009-01-16 2010-12-30 Zhou Otto Z Compact microbeam radiation therapy systems and methods for cancer treatment and research
US8995608B2 (en) 2009-01-16 2015-03-31 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Compact microbeam radiation therapy systems and methods for cancer treatment and research
US8600003B2 (en) 2009-01-16 2013-12-03 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Compact microbeam radiation therapy systems and methods for cancer treatment and research
US20100283090A1 (en) * 2009-05-11 2010-11-11 Honda Patents & Technologies North America,Llc Magnetic nanotransistor
US8093669B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2012-01-10 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Magnetic nanotransistor
US8449858B2 (en) 2009-06-10 2013-05-28 Carbon Solutions, Inc. Continuous extraction technique for the purification of carbon nanomaterials
US8454923B2 (en) 2009-06-10 2013-06-04 Carbon Solutions, Inc. Continuous extraction technique for the purification of carbon nanomaterials
US20100316557A1 (en) * 2009-06-10 2010-12-16 Carbon Solutions, Inc. Continuous extraction technique for the purification of carbon nanomaterials
US20110110842A1 (en) * 2009-06-10 2011-05-12 Haddon Robert C Continuous extraction technique for the purification of carbon nanomaterials
US8561934B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2013-10-22 Teresa M. Kruckenberg Lightning strike protection
US20110049292A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Rohr, Inc Lightning strike protection
US20110073344A1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2011-03-31 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Gasket containing carbon nanotubes
WO2011086384A1 (en) 2010-01-16 2011-07-21 Nanoridge Materials, Incorporated Armour with transformed nanotube material
WO2011086382A1 (en) 2010-01-16 2011-07-21 Nanoridge Materials, Incorporated Ceramic matrix composite articles comprising graphene nanoribbons - like material and their manufacturing method using carbon nanotubes
WO2011144292A2 (en) 2010-05-21 2011-11-24 Merck Patent Gmbh Selectively etching of a carbon nano tubes (cnt) polymer matrix on a plastic substructure
US8809112B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2014-08-19 Merck Patent Gmbh Selectively etching of a carbon nano tubes (CNT) polymer matrix on a plastic substructure
US8518711B2 (en) 2010-07-29 2013-08-27 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Quantitative characterization of metallic and semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotube ratios
US8358739B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2013-01-22 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Systems and methods for temporal multiplexing X-ray imaging
DE102010043472A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh Composition of polymers and electrically conductive carbon
WO2012059468A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Polyamide 12 composition containing carbon nanotubes
DE102010043473A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Carbon nanotube-containing polyamide 12 composition
WO2012059467A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Composition of polyamides with low concentration of carboxamide groups and electrically conductive carbon
WO2012059489A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh Composition made of polymers and electrically conductive carbon
DE102010043470A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2012-05-10 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Composition of polyamides with low concentration of carboxylic acid amide groups and electrically conductive carbon
US9312043B2 (en) 2012-03-16 2016-04-12 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Polyamide composition containing electrically conductive carbon
DE102012204181A1 (en) 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Electrically conductive carbon-containing polyamide composition
EP2639261A1 (en) 2012-03-16 2013-09-18 Evonik Degussa GmbH Polyamide composition containing electrically conductive carbon
US11070107B2 (en) * 2012-04-03 2021-07-20 The Boeing Company Open-core flywheel architecture
US20150096558A1 (en) * 2012-04-23 2015-04-09 David W. Mazyck Helmet air purification system
WO2014076576A2 (en) 2012-11-14 2014-05-22 The Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre Y Maestra Carbon nanotubes conformally coated with diamond nanocrystals or silicon carbide, methods of making the same and methods of their use
RU2541012C2 (en) * 2013-04-05 2015-02-10 Мсд Текнолоджис Частная Компания С Ограниченной Ответственностью Hollow carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterial and method for its production
US9115266B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2015-08-25 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Carbon nanotube-polymer composite and process for making same
US9782136B2 (en) 2014-06-17 2017-10-10 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Intraoral tomosynthesis systems, methods, and computer readable media for dental imaging
US9907520B2 (en) 2014-06-17 2018-03-06 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Digital tomosynthesis systems, methods, and computer readable media for intraoral dental tomosynthesis imaging
RU2593875C2 (en) * 2014-07-03 2016-08-10 Рябых Виктор Владимирович Method of producing modified with metal carbon nano structures, foundry alloy for composite materials based on aluminium or aluminium alloy and its production method
US10980494B2 (en) 2014-10-20 2021-04-20 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Systems and related methods for stationary digital chest tomosynthesis (s-DCT) imaging
US11450446B2 (en) 2015-05-05 2022-09-20 Nano-C, Inc. Carbon nanotube based hybrid films for mechanical reinforcement of multilayered, transparent-conductive, laminar stacks
US10835199B2 (en) 2016-02-01 2020-11-17 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Optical geometry calibration devices, systems, and related methods for three dimensional x-ray imaging
WO2020079161A1 (en) 2018-10-19 2020-04-23 Evonik Operations Gmbh Conductive moulding compounds
EP3640280A1 (en) 2018-10-19 2020-04-22 Evonik Operations GmbH Conductive moulding masses
WO2021105860A1 (en) 2019-11-26 2021-06-03 Trimtabs Ltd Cables and methods of their production

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5424054A (en) Carbon fibers and method for their production
US7056479B2 (en) Process for preparing carbon nanotubes
JP3754417B2 (en) Double-walled carbon nanotubes and methods for their production and use
US8124503B2 (en) Carbon nanotube diameter selection by pretreatment of metal catalysts on surfaces
JP3363759B2 (en) Carbon nanotube device and method of manufacturing the same
Lange et al. Nanocarbon production by arc discharge in water
JP2526782B2 (en) Carbon fiber and its manufacturing method
US6156256A (en) Plasma catalysis of carbon nanofibers
US7824649B2 (en) Apparatus and method for synthesizing a single-wall carbon nanotube array
US20030132393A1 (en) Diamond/carbon nanotube structures for efficient electron field emission
Tarasov et al. Synthesis of carbon nanostructures by arc evaporation of graphite rods with Co–Ni and YNi2 catalysts
JP2001348215A (en) Manufacturing method of carbon nanotube and/or fullerene and manufacturing device therefor
WO2003078316A1 (en) Iron/carbon composite, carbonaceous material comprising the iron/carbon composite, and process for producing the same
EP1478595B1 (en) Method and apparatus for the production of carbon nanostructures
JPH11116218A (en) Production of single layered nanotube
US10920085B2 (en) Alteration of carbon fiber surface properties via growing of carbon nanotubes
CA2565139A1 (en) Production of carbon nanotubes
Malekimoghadam et al. Carbon nanotubes processing
JP4665113B2 (en) Fine particle production method and fine particle production apparatus
JP2003160322A (en) Production method for carbon nanotube
US8808635B2 (en) Reactor and method for obtaining carbon material by short circuit electric current
JP3861857B2 (en) Method for producing carbon nanotube tape
WO2004099072A1 (en) Production method and device for single layer carbon nanotube
JP2003286016A (en) Method for manufacturing purified carbon tube encapsulating metal
JPH11310407A (en) Production of functional carbonaceous material

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BETHUNE, DONALD STIMSON;BEYERS, ROBERT BRUCE;REEL/FRAME:006563/0352

Effective date: 19930521

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: APPLICATION UNDERGOING PREEXAM PROCESSING

AS Assignment

Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KIANG, CHING-HWA;REEL/FRAME:006975/0944

Effective date: 19940210

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12

AS Assignment

Owner name: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: CORRECTED RECORDATION FORM COVER SHEET FOR INVENTOR KIANG ONLY;ASSIGNOR:KIANG, CHING-HWA;REEL/FRAME:018524/0987

Effective date: 19940210

CC Certificate of correction
CC Certificate of correction