US537555A - Peter stiens - Google Patents
Peter stiens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US537555A US537555A US537555DA US537555A US 537555 A US537555 A US 537555A US 537555D A US537555D A US 537555DA US 537555 A US537555 A US 537555A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- boric acid
- burned
- filament
- stiens
- peter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000988 Bone and Bones Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
Definitions
- a filament suitable for an incandescent lamp is to be prepared say from vulcanized fiber (or it might be from any other of the solid materials commonly employed for the purpose)
- I prepare strips of suitable length and thickness. 1 place them in a vessel preferably of glass and I boil them, using sufficient water to enable the strips to move about freely in the water and in the water I have an excess of the finely powdered burned boric acid, that is to say, considerably more than the water is able to dissolve. I continue the boiling for some hours by which time the strips will appear white from the burned boric acid adhering to them. After having been thoroughly dried the strips are laid around a mandrel or otherwise brought to the form required and then they are carbonized and at a Serial No. 538,422. (N0 specimens.)
- the filament is carefully dusted over with the finely powdered burned boric acid and preferably to enable the powder the better to adhere I previously dip the filament into benzine.
- the filament being thus coated,
- filaments are to be made from a liquid or semi-liquid material such for example as dissolved cellulose then I mix the finely powdered burned boric acid with the liquid or semi-liquid material and in this way I introduce as much of the powder as I can without interfering with the usual mechanical operations for producing filaments therefrom.
- the carbonization is conducted as heretofore; also after carbonization I expose the filaments to the-further treatment with boric acid and carbonaceous vapor or gas as hereinbefore described; also in the manufacture of carbons for the arc lamp I use burned boric acid. I mixit with the other materials from which the carbons are molded.
- the quantity of burned boric acid so employed may be varied but ten per cent. will produce a good result. I can also with good effect boil the carbons with burned boric acid.
- a filament or carbon for electric lamps comprising in its composition burned boric acid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
NITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.
PETER STIENS, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
FlLAMENT AND CARBON FOR ELECTRIC LAMPS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 597,555, dated April 16, 1895.
Application filed February 14., 1 895.
T0 00% whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, PETER STIENS, electrical engineer and constructor, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at 15 Carroun Road, Olapham Road, London, in the county of Surrey, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Filaments and Oarbons for Electric Lamps and in the Process of Making Them, of which the following is a specification.
With a View to improve the filaments and carbons for electric lamps and to increase the light which they emit, a treatment with boric acid has before been proposed. Up to the present time the advantages sought to be derived from this treatment have not been satisfactorily attained. The cause for this I find to be that the boric acid has not been suitably prepared. It is necessary that the boric acid should in the first place be burn ed or exposed to a high heat. This may conveniently be done in an open crucible of graphite; The crucible is placed in a furnace and it, with its contents, is raised to a white heat. The boric acid melts and while it is in this state the crucible is left in the furnace for two or three hours. The crucible is then lifted out and the charge poured upon a slab, preferably of graphite. When cold the glass like mass is pounded and sifted so as to obtain as line a powder as is practicable.
I proceed to incorporate this burned boric acid with the filament or carbon.
If a filament suitable for an incandescent lamp is to be prepared say from vulcanized fiber (or it might be from any other of the solid materials commonly employed for the purpose) I prepare strips of suitable length and thickness. 1 place them in a vessel preferably of glass and I boil them, using sufficient water to enable the strips to move about freely in the water and in the water I have an excess of the finely powdered burned boric acid, that is to say, considerably more than the water is able to dissolve. I continue the boiling for some hours by which time the strips will appear white from the burned boric acid adhering to them. After having been thoroughly dried the strips are laid around a mandrel or otherwise brought to the form required and then they are carbonized and at a Serial No. 538,422. (N0 specimens.)
high heat in anyof the ordinary ways. After carbonization the filament is carefully dusted over with the finely powdered burned boric acid and preferably to enable the powder the better to adhere I previously dip the filament into benzine. The filament being thus coated,
I place it in a glass inclosure holding its ends by metal clips so that an electric circuit may be closed through it. I remove the air from the inclosure and when a good vacuum is ob-.
tained I open a connection with a flask containing benzol; or in any other of the well known ways I admit to the glass inclosure a carbonaceous vapor or gas. I again exhaust the inclosure down to a pressure of a few millimeters and then I pass an electric current through the filament commencing with a small current and gradually increasing it until the difference of potential between the two leads is much greater than it will be in the after use of the filament. The filament consequently emits a very brilliant light. On cooling the filament will be found to have a metallic luster. The after treatment in the manufacture of the lamp and the standardizing or adjusting the resistance is as heretofore.
If filaments are to be made from a liquid or semi-liquid material such for example as dissolved cellulose then I mix the finely powdered burned boric acid with the liquid or semi-liquid material and in this way I introduce as much of the powder as I can without interfering with the usual mechanical operations for producing filaments therefrom. The carbonization is conducted as heretofore; also after carbonization I expose the filaments to the-further treatment with boric acid and carbonaceous vapor or gas as hereinbefore described; also in the manufacture of carbons for the arc lamp I use burned boric acid. I mixit with the other materials from which the carbons are molded. The quantity of burned boric acid so employed may be varied but ten per cent. will produce a good result. I can also with good effect boil the carbons with burned boric acid.
What I claim ist 1. A filament or carbon for electric lamps comprising in its composition burned boric acid.
2. The process of treating filaments or carcurrent in the presence of carbonaceous vabons in the courseof manufacture, which conpor or gas.
sists in boiling them with burned boric acid. 5 a 3. The process of treating filaments or car- 1 STIEND' J 5 bone in the course of manufacture, which con- \Vitnesses: j sists in impregnating them with burned boric ROBERT E. RANSFORD,
acid, and then heating them by the electric T. F. BARNES.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US537555A true US537555A (en) | 1895-04-16 |
Family
ID=2606316
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US537555D Expired - Lifetime US537555A (en) | Peter stiens |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US537555A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2437174A (en) * | 1945-06-02 | 1948-03-02 | Du Pont | Production of active carbon |
| US3107179A (en) * | 1959-09-21 | 1963-10-15 | Wilbur M Kohring | Process for making carbon-metal resistors |
-
0
- US US537555D patent/US537555A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2437174A (en) * | 1945-06-02 | 1948-03-02 | Du Pont | Production of active carbon |
| US3107179A (en) * | 1959-09-21 | 1963-10-15 | Wilbur M Kohring | Process for making carbon-metal resistors |
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