US535358A - Photo-litho - Google Patents

Description

. (Model.) l esheetsfsheet 1.

E. DAVIES su JLMETGALPE. INJBCTOR.

No. 585,358. Y Patented MaLlZ., 1895;

(Model.) 5 sheets-Sheet 3.

E. DAVIBS a J. MBTGALFB.

INJBGTOR.

No. 535,358. Patented Mar. 12, 1895.

THF.' Nonms Prrms co., Puma-wmp., wAsnlNsrpN. n. c.

(Model.) .e sheets-sheet 4. E. DAVIES 8v J. METCALFE.

INJECTR.

\ NO 535,358, Patented Mar. l2, 1895.

l(Model.) 6 sheets-sheet 5;.

E. DAVIBS 8v J. METCALPE.l

INJEGTOR.

Patented Mar. 12, 1895.

6 Sheets-Sheet 6.v E. DAVIBS 8v J. MBTCALPBQ INJECTOR.

l(Model.)

ilnirTnn 8TnTnfs Thron",

PATENT EDWARD DAVIES, OE LLANDINAM, AND JAMES METCALFE, OE ABERYST- WITH, ASSIGNORS TO THE PATENT EXHAUST STEAM INJEGTOR COM- PANY, LIMITED, OE MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.

i., INJ ECTOR.

SECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 535,358, dated March 12, 1895.

Application tiled January 31,1894,- Serial No. 498,653. (Model.) Patentedin England April 20,1887, No. 5,730; in France December 81, 188111011878311, and March 30,1888,No.189,692; in Belgium January 3, 1888, No. 80,151, and March 3l, 1888, No 81,249; in Italy April 2,1888,XLV1, 99; in Germany April 4, 1888,1lo.46.517; in Victoria April 80,1888,No.

5,796; in New South Wales May 4,1888,No.665; in'Queensland May l5, 1888, No. 484; in Spain July 13, and in Austria-Hungary August 7, 1888, No. 14,320, 88/2,0l7, and No. 31,378, XXII, 1,920.

To ail whom t may concern.-

Be it known that we, EDWARD DAvIEs, of Plas Dinam, Llandinani, in the county of Montgomery, and JAMES METGALFE, of No. 28 North Parade, Aberystwith, in the county of Cardigan, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Injectors; (for which we have obtained Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 5,780, dated April 20, 1887;

in France, No. 187,911, dated December 3l, 1887, and No. 189,692, dated March 80, 1888; in Belgium, No. 80,151, dated January 3, 1888, and No. 81,249,dated March 31, 1888; in Italy, No. 99, Vol. XLVI, dated April 2, 1888; in Germany, No. 46,517, dated April 4, 1888; in Victoria, No. 5,796, dated April 30, 1888; in New South Wales, No. 665, dated May 4, 1888; in Queensland, No. 484, dated May 15, 1888; in Spain, No. 8,147, dated July 13, 1888, and in Austria-Hungary, dated August 7, 1888- Austria, No. 14,320, 88/2,0l7, and Hungary, No. 31,878, KKH/1,9205) and we do hereby declare. the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesamc, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Ourinvention-has relation to injectors, and

- more especially to injectors known as comieee, no. 8,147,

for the purpose of increasing the velocity of a jet of fluid produced by low pressure or eX- haust steam, or by both low pressure or exhaust steam and high pressure orlive steam.

It is well known that boilers working under a pressure much above seventy tive pounds per square inch cannot be fed by an injector Worked With low pressure or exhaust steam. Such an injector is therefore not available for feeding locomotive boilers, and to y make such injectors available provision has been made forthe use of high pressure or live steam in conjunction Vwith the low pressure or exhaust steam, provision having also been made whereby said injectors are made to work automatically.

Our invention has for its object certain improvements in this class of automaticallyoperatiug injectors, and more particularly in the arrangement and the means forl control` ling the overdow valves ofthe high pressure or live steam injector, or of both the latter and the low pressure or exhaust steam injector.

Our invention has for its further object the provision of means whereby the velocity and consequently the penetrating power of a jet of `iiuid may be still further increased by admitting live steam at different points to the passage through which the jet of fluid produced by low pressure or exhaust steam or by the latter and live'steam, is propelled.

Our invention has for its further objecten improved construction of live steam nozzle or cone, when such a cone is combined with a low pressure or exhauststeam cone.

Our invention has for its further object the provision of means whereby the overliow valves for both low pressure and high pressure injectors arecontrolled by thepressure arising from a jet of' iiuid produced by lovtT pressure or by low and high pressure steam to close the overflow passage; but that our invention may be fully understood we Will describe the same in detail, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an axial section of an injector, embodyingsomeofourimprovements. Figs.2 and 3 are similar views illustrating modifications in the means for controlling the overflow. Fig. 4 is an axial section illustrating a plural` ity of live steam injectors combined with an exhaust steam injector. Fig. 5 is a like view of an injector similar to that shown in Figli illustrating a different arrangement of the live steam injectors relatively to the exhaust steam injector, and Figs. 6,7, 8, and 9 are sectional details illustrating modifications in the construction of the live steam cone when combined with the exhaust steam cone.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, d indicates the exhaust steam injector casing; a3, the water branch; h3 and b, the overflow branches; d, the exhaust steam cone; E, the combining cone, and f the receiving and discharging cone.

To the receiving end of casing@ is secured the live steam injector casing d6 adapted tobe secured to the source of exhaust steam supply, a suitable valve, as a throttle valve d2 being provided for controlling the passage of the exhaust steam. In casing a6 is formed a live steam passage h2 whose outlet lies in the axial plane of said casing and of the exhaust steam injector, said outlet being screwthreaded interiorly for the reception of the live steam nozzle or cone z' that projects through said exhaust steam nozzled into the combining cone E. The last named cone is what we term an expansion cone of the same construction as that shown in Letters Patent of the United States No. 240,101, of April 12, 1881, (granted to Edward Davies, one of the parties hereto.)

The object ot' using an expansible or twopart combining cone is to facilitate the starting of the injector allowing a free passage of the fluid into the overflow chamber and out through the overflow branch. In said Fig. 1, @indicates the fixed part of the combining cone, c' the movable part hinged to said fixed part at c2, and at c3 is a boss or projection on said movable part c by means of which and an annular abutment (i formed on casing a the lateral movement of said movable part e of cone E, and consequently the degree of expansion of its steam passage is limited.

The receiving and discharging conef, as shown, is screwed into a casing 12 or formed integral therewith, said casing being provided with a tubular extension 12 having formed in its end a supplementary short receiving nozzle fx, and being provided with overflow ports f5 communicating with an overflow chamber f6 encompassing Said tubular extension, there being an overflow space or gap between the intermediate short receiving and discharging nozzle or cone f and the receiving and discharging nozzlef, proper.

The casing 12 is screwed into casing a, and has an opening in its outer end normally closed by ascrew-plug f3, by means of which access may be had to the cones for inspection or for'removal of obstructions. By connecting casing 12 detachably with the exhaust injector casing a, the combining and discharging cones together with the intermediate short receiving and discharging conefx can be bodily removed, and also adjusted within certain limits relatively to the exhaust and live steam cones, the two-part combining cone E being provided with an arm 7 that terminates in an interiorly screw-threaded ring bearing Sinto which the extension 12 of casing 12 is screwed. The casing 12 has ports f2 leading into a delivery chamberl-t formed in casing d about said casing` 12 below cone f, and said chamber has a delivery branch d5 for connection with a steam boiler, for instance. The overflow from chamerf6 passes into and out of an overflow branch b6 in which is formed a valve port and seat for a loaded valve V guided in its movements in a tubular branch ZJ7 of the overfiow branch h6, said branch 67 being closed by means of a screw plugm. The load for the valve consists of a spring m4 having bearing on a piston or circular head m2 on the stem m3 of valve V and on the aforesaid plug m7. There is also an overflow gap or space between the combining cone E and the intermediate short receiving and discharging cone fx, the overow passing into an overflow chamber 10 and thence to overflow branch b3. In this branch is also formed a valve port and seat for a valve V, held normally open by means of a spring m14, and Athe stem m3 of said valve also has a piston or circular head m22 that works in a piston cylinder 15, which also contains the spring m14. Between said cylinder and its head mx is secured a diaphragm m, and in said cylinder head is formed a passage leading to the back of the said diaphragm, said passage being connected with the delivery chamber 14 by a suitable passage orpipe m.

In starting the injector either by exhaust steam or by exhaust and live steam, the two overflow chambers are in communication through the short intermediate receiving cone fx, such fluid as Hows over into chamber 10 passing freely out of overow branches b3 and bs, valve V in overflow branch b3 being open under the action of its spring, while the pressure of the overflow causes valve V to open also, said valves remaining open until the jet is established, when the pressure in branch b will be reduced below that exerted upon valve V by the load or spring m4, whereby said valve will close. At the same time, pressure arising from the jet of fluid produced by exhaust steam or by combined exhaust and live steam in the delivery chamber 14.- will also be exerted through pipe m upon the diaphragm m, and through the latter upon the valve piston, causing valveV to close, the jet being first established in the expansible cone. The valve V then closes, and lastly the valve V, when the jet will be fully established. It is obvious that so long as there is a supply of water and steam the injector will continue to IOO IIO

Work, or it will automatically re-start, should the jet be interrupted. The spring m4 may under some conditions be dispensed with while the spring m14 can be dispensed with, since it will require but a comparatively small pressure to move the valve olf its seat, especially as it is not necessary that the valve piston m22 should fit iiuid tight in its piston cylinder.

The mode of controlling the overflow as described in reference to Fig. 1 may be modified With a view to simplifying the construction of the injector, by controlling both valves V and V by pressure arising from a jet of fluid produced by exhaust steam, or by combined exhaust and live steam. Such an injector we have shown in Fig. 2, in which the overflow branches b3 and b@ are formed or arranged on the same side ot' casing a, the branch b3 communicating with branch b through avalve port 2 controlled by valve V, and said branch b having also a valve port and seat for its valve V intermediate of its inlet and discharge. Both valves V and V are mounted on the same stem js thatis provided vvith a piston heady'6 Working in a piston cylinder 15. The valve V is a cylindrical valve and has Wingsj4 that guide the same, While Athe valve V' is slightly conical so as to gradually close its port. It Will be seen that the valves are normally open, or that they will readily open under the pressure of the over- 4ilow, but Whenever the pressure in the delivery chamber becomes greater than the overflow pressure, or when the jet is fully established, at Which time the pressure in overflow chambers 10 and]6 is practically m'l, the pressure arising from said jets Will be exerted upon the diaphragm m, the fluid passing to the back thereof through a passage d8 formed in casing a, instead of passing through a pipe, as in the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 3, said pressare being exerted through the diaphragm upon the piston head or stem js of the valves V', V, causing the same to close their respective ports. The valves V and V are so arranged that the former Valve will close first and then the valve V', Which, as stated, is slightly conical, will gradually close'its port. Should the jet fail, the pressure acting upon the valves V and V to open the same, increases, While the force upon the diaphragm m to close valve V decreases, thus allowing the said valves to open until the jet is again established.

Parts of the injectornot referred to specifically are similar to corresponding parts shown in Fig. 1, and are indicated by like reference symbols.

We have found that the efciency of the live steam nozzle t' may be greatly increased by contracting its bore at a point some distance from its delivery end,and by gradually increasing the diameter of said bore from said contracted portion to its said delivery end, as shown at 17,18, respectively 0f Fig. 2; and in said Fig. 2 we have also shown a valve seating and guide casing 5 in the delivery branch a5 for the usual back pressure valve V2.

The means for controlling the overflow as described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2 may be further modified, and the construction ot' the injector materially simplified by dispensing With the short intermediate receiving and discharging cone fx, Figs. 1 and 2, and hence the overflow branch h6. Such an injector We have shown in Fig. 3, the receiving and discharging conef being formed integral With casing 12 screwed to ring bearing S of the combining cone E. To prevent accidental unscrewing of said cone ffrom combining cone E, We lock the former or casing 12 to the ring bearing 8 by means of a lock screw 9. In this construction the spring m14 for valve V may also be dispensed with. Other parts of the injector not particularly referred to are the same in construction as the corresponding parts of the injectorl described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2 and bear similar symbols of reference.

In the injectors above described We have shown the live steam nozzle or cone t com-V bined with the exhaust steam cone d for the purpose of increasing the velocity and consequently the penetrating powerof a jet of uid. We have discovered that the velocity of a jet of fluid produced by combined exhaust and live steam may be materially increased by means of steam admitted into the steam passage at one or more points before the jet issues from the injector. One form of this class of injectors We have shown in Fig. 4, in which live steam is admitted to the exhaust and live steam passage, that is to say, in which the propelling power of the combined exhaust and live steam is reinforced by an additional quantity of live steam.

The compound injector comprising an exhaust and live steam injector may be of the general construction of those shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the one illustrated in Fig. 4 being of substantially the same construction as the one illustrated in Fig. 3, with the exception of the overflow branch b3, which is of a Well-known construction and need not be described in detail. There are further structural modifications due and necessary to the altered condition of the injector. For instance, the live steam passage b2 communicates with a passage 3 in casing a, and the latter passage with a live steam branch or passage Z322 formed on the casing b of what We Will hereinafter refer to as the supplementary live steam injector, said passage Z322 also extending axially into the supplementary live steam injector casing l), and having secured thereto the supplementary live steam nozzle or cone i that projects into the supplementary combining cone E screwed into an axial bearing Z723 formed in casing b, said cone having overfiow passages 16 formed therein, F indicating the supplementary receiving and dischargingccne, and between said cones F. and F there is an overflow gap leading to overflow chamber h4. The

overflow chamber h4 is connected With an over- IOO IIO

flow branch b23in which is formed a valve port and seat .for the controlling valve V3, which in construction and operation is in every respect similar to the valve V shown and described in reference to Fig. 1; m44 indicating the spring, m24 the valve stem head, Z227 the tubular guide bearing for said spring and piston head, and m77 the plug that closes said bearing. V2 indicates the back pressure valve in the delivery branch 1955 of the supplementary live steam injector.

The operation of the injector described in reference to Fig. 4 is substantially the same as that described in reference to Figs. l, 2, and 3, except that the velocity of the jet of fluid produced by the combined exhaust and live steam injectors is further increased under the action of the supplementary live steam. Not only is the velocity and consequeutly the penetrating power of the jet of duid produced by the combined exhaust and live steam materiallyincreased by the action of the supplementary live steam admitted into the fluid or steam passage of the injector, but an increment of heat is also added to the jet which is comparatively hot when it reaches the boiler.

If desired, the load of the exhaust valve V3, fi. e., the spring m44, may be dispensed with by substituting a valve controlled by a diaphragm similar to that for valve V Fig. I.

Instead of combining one of the live steam nozzles or cones with the exhaust steam cone to produce a compound injector, as described in reference to Figs. l, 2, and 3, and instead of combining with such an injector a supplementary live steam injector, as described in reference to Fig. 4, the several injectors may be arranged one after another, as shown in Fig. 5. In the injector shown in said Fig. 5 a back pressure valve g is interposed between the exhaust and primarylive steam injector, and a similar valve g between the last named injector and the supplementary injector, live steam being admitted to both live steam injectors through branch Z924 and a passage D25 communicating by ports 23 and 24 respectively with the casing of said primary and supplementary live steam injectors and with the combining cones E2 and E thereof. These live steam injectors are constructed substantially like the supplementary live steam injector described in reference to Fig. 4, except that the combining cones E2 and E are devoid of overflow ports 16,Fig. 4, F2indicating the receiving and discharging cone for fluids from the exhaust steam injector, F the like cone for the primary live steam injector, F22 the receiving and discharging cone of the supplementary live steam injector for fluids from the primary live steam injector, and F the final receiving and discharging cone of said supplementary live steam injector. It will further be seen that the combining cones E2, E are constructed to perform the function of live steam cones, the receiving and discharging cone F2 for the exhaust steam injector projecting into the live steam cone end of the combining cone E2 of the primary live steam injector, while the receiving and discharging cone F22 projects into the like end ofthe combining cone E of the supplementary live steam injector, such a construction of combining cone being also shown in Fig. 4, so that the live steam instead of being introduced through a live steam cone extending into the combining cone in the form of an axial jet, passes around the vreceiving; and discharging cone and into the combining cone in the form of an annular jet. The exhaust steam injector is of the same construction as the one shown in Fig. 4, except that a solid centering spindle d is employed in the exhaust steam cone.

The parts not specifically described in reference to the injector shown in Fig. 5, are of the same construction as the corresponding parts of the injector described in reference to Fig. 4, and are indicated by the same reference symbols. Inasmuch as the primary and supplementary live steam injectors are similar in construction to the supplementary live steam injector described in reference to said Fig. 4, with the exceptions noted above, We have indicated the corresponding parts thereof with the same reference symbols, except that different afiixes are used for such corresponding parts of the primary injector shown in Fig. 5.

In some cases either the primary or the supplementary live steam injector may be supplied with a part of the steam which has exhausted from the cylinder or cylinders of a compound steam engine as it passes from one cylinder to another.

We have hereinbefore stated that We prefer ICO to use a live steam cone or nozzle whose bore or interior area is contracted at a point some distance from its delivery end and gradually enlarged from said point to said delivery end. This may be effected in a cone of the usual IIO taper form by means of a solid spindle d3 made tapering in opposite directions from a given point some distance from the delivery end of the nozzle, as shown in Fig. 6. The same results may be obtained by combining two live steam nozzles of the construction of that shown in Fig. 4 arranged one within the other, as shown in Fig. 7, such a nozzle being adapted for use with an exhaust steam cone with or without a loaded overflow valve, both nozzlesand d4 extending into the combining cone E of the exhaust steam injector.

Another very effective arrangement of live steam nozzles or cones is shown in Fig. 8, the live steam cone t' being short and projecting axially into a cone 4 provided at its upper end with ports t5, so that some of the exhaust steam can enter the cone t4 and combine with the live steam passing therethrough. In this arrangement the bore of the combining cone t4 is of uniform diameter for a portion of its length from its discharging end. The action of the small central live steam jet is to draw in a part ofthe exhaust steam, and the result is a more efficient compound injector which will deliver its jetgagainst a greater boiler pressure than is the case with a single cone il in the exhaust steam cone.

In Fig. 9 we have illustrated another combination of live steam nozzles, in which the live steam cone i is made very long and with a flaring or trumpet shaped delivery end, and said cone has steam ports b9 in its upper end to allow live steam to pass through to a small peripheral space formed between cone t' and an encompassing small cone 198 screwed onto said cone 2'.. The live steam entering the annular space referred to passes between cone@l and the encompassing cone i4 and mingles with and assists in drawing exhaust steam through the ports 5, said encompassing cone 714 having its delivery end for a portion of the length of the cone of the same diameter to admit of the passage of the increased volume of exhaust steam.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new therein, and desire to secure 1. An injector comprising a low pressure or exhaust steam passage, a high pressure or live steam passage, and means for admitting live steam to the last named passage at different points, for the purposes set forth.

2. An injector comprising a steam passage, an overflow passage communicating with said steam passage, a valve controlling the overflow passage, and means whereby pressure arising from a jet of liuid produced by steam will cause said valve to close.

3. A compound low pressure or exhaust steam and high pressure or live steam injector, comprising a high pressure or live steam passage, an overflow passage communicating with said live steam passage, a valve controlling the overflow passage, and means whereby pressure arising from a jet of fluid produced by low pressure or exhaust steam will cause said valve to close.

4. A compound low pressure or exhaust steam and high pressure or live steam inj ector, comprising low and high pressure steam passages, an overliow passage communicating with each of said passages, valves controlling said overflow passages, and means whereby pressure arising from a jet of fluid produced by steam will cause both overliow valves to close.

5. In a compound low pressure or exhaust steam and high pressure or live steam injector, the combination with the steam and combining cones of the exhaust steam injector, of a live steam nozzle or cone arranged axially within said exhaust steam cone, said live steam cone having its bore gradually reduced toward the delivery end and thence gradually enlarged to said delivery end the latter end extending into the combining cone.

6. In a compound low pressure or exhaust steam and high pressure or live steam injector, the combination with the combining and steam cones of the exhaust steam injector, of a live steam cone adapted to inject steam axially into said combining cone, and means for combining a portion of the exhaust steam with the live steam before the latter reaches the combining cone.

7. In a compound low pressure or exhaust steam and high pressure or live steam injector, the combination with the combining and steam cones of the exhaust steam injector, of a live steam cone adapted to inject steam axially into said combining cone, and an auxiliary cone provided with ports in communication with the exhaust steam passage whereby a portion of the exhaust steam is drawn into the live steam cone and caused to combine with the jet of live steam, for the purpose set forth. l

8. In an injector,a combining cone and an open ended receiving and discharging cone detachably connected together, said receiving and discharging cone provided with delivery ports, in combination with the injector casing in the end of which said receiving and discharging cone is detachably seated, said casing provided with a delivery branch in communication with the aforesaid delivery ports, and means for closing the outer open end of the receiving and discharging cone, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In an injector, the combination with the casing interiorly screw-threaded at one end,

and a combining cone movable in said casing,

of a delivery casing provided with delivery ports and adapted to be screwed in the end of the injector casing and a receiving and discharging cone detachably secured to the combining cone, for the purpose set forth.

l0. In an injector, the combination with the casing interiorly screw-threaded at one end, and a combining cone movable in said casing, of a delivery casing as l2, open at one end, and a screw plug closing said open end, said delivery casing provided with delivery ports and adapted to be screwed in the end of the injector casing, and a receiving and discharging cone detachably secured to the combining cone, for the purpose set forth.

In witness whereof we have hereto signed our names in the presence of two witnesses.

EDWARD DAVIES. JAMES METCALFE. Witnesses:

PETER J. LivsEY, WILLIAM FAULKNER.

IOS

Images