US532458A - Hydrocarbon-burner or gas-generator - Google Patents

Description

Patented Jan. 15, 1895.

(No Model.)

R. HANDY. HYDROGARBON BURNER'OR GAS GENERATOR. No. 532,458.

n45 uoams PETERS co, PHOTO-LUNG"M'ASHINGYDN, n c.

N me STATES PATENT ()FFIcE.

' RICHARD HANDY, OF BLOOMFIELD, NEW' JERSEY.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER' OR GAS-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 532,458, dated January 15, 1895. Application filed May 15, 1894. Serial No. 511.322- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern? Be it known that I, RICHARD HA'NDY, a citizenof the United States, residing at Bloom- Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hydrocarbon-Burners or Gas-Generators,-of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of hydrocarbon burners in which a fluid hydro-carbon, as kerosene, is vaporized by heat mixed with steam and burned to produce a heating fiame for use in the furnaces of steam boilers and the like, where intense heat and economy of fuel areimportant.

My burner or generator consists of two cylindrical chambers, seperated by a diaphragm. Oil is admitted to the forward chamber, which I will call the fixing chamber while steam under pressure is admitted to the rear chamber, the steam chamber, and is forced into the fixing chamber through a number of small pipes set in the diaphragm, breaking up the oil mechanically by the force of the steam jets and issuing thoroughly mixed with the vaporized oil through small pipes leading toward the forward and completely bathe the apparatus in the hot products of combustion.

I surround the burner with a jacket of fire brick or other suitable material, leaving an annular space between, for the induction of air required to supply combustion and prevent the radiation of heat until the flame shall have passed beyond the burner.

My apparatus is believed to be peculiarly efficient in rapidly and completely vaporizing the fluid hydro-carbon, and highly economical, yielding a greater heat with a less consumption of fuel than has been attained in any similar apparatus hitherto known to me.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and represent what I consider the best means of carrying out the in-- vention.

Figure 1, is a side elevation with a sectional View of the jacket. Fig. 2, is a central longitudinal section; Fig. 3, is an elevation seen from the rear. Fig. 4, is a vertical section on the line l, 4:, in Fig. 2. Fig. 5, is a front elevation,and Fig. 6, is alongitudinal section of a portion on a larger scale.

: pear. field,'in,the county of Essex and State of New A, is a cylindrical shell of cast iron, provided with a rear cover A, having a central apernular chamber, whizh I will designate the steamchamber A*. The rear wall A, is drilled and tapped at two opposite points to receive the screw-threaded ends of two pipes, A and A one of the pipes, A bringing steam from a boiler not represented, and the other controlled by the cock A allowing the steam to blow through freely and carry away the Water of condensation, if any. Theforward end of the shell A, is offset inwardly and is provided with screw-threads which engage in corresponding threads in a rearwardly projecting flange B, on a cylindrical shell B, of the same diameter as the shell A, at the junction, but enlarged .by an exterior ofi'set B at the front.

is cast with a partition or diaphragm B pro vided with a screw-threaded central opening at the rear which receives the end of the tube The shell B,

A above referred to. This tube extends through the cover A, and secures the latter in place by means of a nut a At the forward end of the tube the opening is contracted and is screw-threaded on the interior, to receive ture through which passes a tube A to be described further on; the whole forming an anthe oil supply pipe B which traverses the steam chamber in the inclosing tube A and empties directly into the fixing chamber, as shown. Six or other number of small pipes b, set in the partition B extend forward axially, ending in conical nozzles b bent backward and loosely entered in certain comically formed plugs, to be described. r B is a cover plate matching tightly on the enlarged forward end of the shell B, and secured thereto by screws 13. The inclosed chamber thus formed Lterm the fixing chamber 13*.

The offset B is provided with small holes 1) receiving each a small tubeF, F, extending rearwardly to a point behind the rear wall of a steam chamber, returning by a short bend,

F and extending forward in a line parallel with the axis of the cylindrical shells. Each alternate pipe F, is carried forward a little beyond the forward edge of the cover B while the others, marked F, stop at a point only a little beyond the bend-F The free ends of these pipes are open and unobstructed, and form the orifices at which the vapor mixes with the air, and is ignited and burns. The engaged ends of these pipes, F, F, are partially closed by the above-mentioned conically bored plugs E (see Fig. 6) through which the steam from the pipes b is forced, producing a violent jet action, preventing the separation of the mixed vapor and steam, and insuring a free fiow of oil by causing a partial vacuum to be formed in the chamber 13*, by the wellknown injector action induced by the violent flow of steam through the nozzles and plugs E. The free ends of the pipes F, are preferably turned outward ata slight angle to th row the flame in a circle of larger diameter than would otherwise be produced.

The pipes F, throw their fiames into imme-- diate contact with the exterior of the shells A, B, heating the inclosed chambers to a temperature at which all the oil will be vaporized and the steam super-heated.

I provide a jacket D,ot fire-brick or analogous refractory material, in the form of a truncated cone supported on lugs B cast on the shell B, with the large end toward the rear, as shown. This jacket prevents radiation of the heat and confines the flame to the outer surfaces of the shells and also serves usefully to heat a portion of the air supplied to the pipes F, at the points of ignition, and thus add considerably to the intensity of the flame.

The operation is as follows: Assuming that the burner is properly placed in the fire-box of a steam boiler, and that a supply of steam under pressure is available, the attendant heats the burner by surrounding it with a small portion of hot coals, or by the use of a wood fire. As soon as theburnerhas become well heated by this means, he opens the exhaust-cock A and then the steam supply valve A, allowing steam to blow through the apparatus until the interior is well heated and the water of condensation removed or evaporated. The cock A is then closed and the steam forced through the pipes i), into the fixing chamber 13*, and thence out through the pipes F, F. Oil is then allowed to flow through the pipe 13, either by gravity or by the injector-like action of the steam in the apparatus, and enter the fixing chamber, and being drawn into the pipes F, F, by meeting the steam rushing through the pipes 13, is

mechanically disintegrated thereby, and instantly vaporized it not already so conditioned by the heat of the apparatus. The gas thus generated unites with the super-heated steam and is ejected with great force through the pipes F, F, mingling with the air as it issues, and being ignited, produces an intensely hot flame, which insures that the apparatus shall be maintained at the high temperature necessary for the proper vaporization of the oil, and supplies an intense heat in the boiler tubes, so long as the oil supply and other conditions are properly continued.

Modifications'may be made in the forms and proportions without departing from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of the invention.

I can use a greater or less number of the pipes F, and F. I may make them all of similar length.

The jacket D may be of larger or smaller diameter, as may be found preferable in any case, to insure the proper heating and vaporizing conditions.

Although I have described the invention as applied in the furnace of a steam boiler, it will be understood that the gas generators maybe used in melting iron and other metals, and in many other situations.

I claim- 1. In an apparatus for vaporizing and burning liquid hydro-carbons, the steam chamber A*, fixing chamber 13*, pipes Z), I), communieating from the steam chamber to the fixing chamber, the oil supply pipe 13, emptying directly into said fixing chamber, in combination with each other and with the pipes F, F, having return bends F all substantially as herein specified.

2. In an apparatus for vaporizing and burning liquid hydrocarbons, the steam chamber A, fixing chamber 13*, pipes b, b, communicating from the steam chamber to the fixing chamber, the oil supply pipe B emptying directly into said fixing chamber, the pipes F, F, having return bends F in combination with each other and with the jacket D, surrounding the pipes and chambers, all substantially as herein specified.

In testimony that I claim the invention above set forth I atfix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD [IAN DY.

Witnesses:

GEORGE II. Wlssonusnn, WM. H. B. SMITH.

Images