US52796A - Improved process for converting iron into steel - Google Patents
Improved process for converting iron into steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US52796A US52796A US52796DA US52796A US 52796 A US52796 A US 52796A US 52796D A US52796D A US 52796DA US 52796 A US52796 A US 52796A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- iron
- improved process
- bath
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 30
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023298 conjugation with cellular fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYFJQPXVCSSHAI-QFPUQLAESA-N enalapril maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OYFJQPXVCSSHAI-QFPUQLAESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000021037 unidirectional conjugation Effects 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- My improvements relate to the treatment of iron, steel, and other metals, as it regards the heating, for the purposes of hardening and tempering and of changing the physical properties of the same with respect to the texture and otherwise.
- I claim- 1 The improved method of hardening and tempering steel by heating the same in cyanide of potassium previous to its immersion in a cooling-liquid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Description
ELLIOT SAVAGE, OF WEST MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TC HIMSELF AND GEO. S. HARVVOOD AND GEO. H. QUINCY.
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CONVERTING IRON iNTO S TEEL.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,796, dated February 20, 1866.
To all whom it may concern;-
Be it known that I, ELLIOT SAVAGE, of West Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful improvements in the method of tempering and hardening steel and oftreating iron for the purpose of convertin the same into steel or a substance resembling steel; and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same.
My improvements relate to the treatment of iron, steel, and other metals, as it regards the heating, for the purposes of hardening and tempering and of changing the physical properties of the same with respect to the texture and otherwise.
The old methods are'so well understood by experts that it is not necessary here to describe them; but I will premise by stating that I have heretofore discovered that by heating steel in a bath of cyanide of potassium and by then immersing it in a solution of silver or other metallic solution the silver or other metal of the said solution will be precipitated on and adhere to the surface of the steel, and thus form a plating which offers several int portant advantages over the old method of electroplating. Recent experiments, however,
v have led to the discovery that the heating of the steel in cyanide of potassium is of greatest importance when used in connection with the process of tempering for which Letters Patent of the United States were issued to me on the 13th day of June, 1865. The invention subject of that patent has reference to the cooling only, independently of the method of heating, which necessarily precedes the cooling, and although good results are obtained, yet they are{greatly enhanced, for the reasons hereinafter setjforth, by the preliminary heating in a bath -,eyanide of potassium, and I have further discovered that other metals, such as wrought-iron or cast-iron, are more or less changed in their nature and converted into a steel-like substance if heated in like manner, excepting as to the time of immersion in the fused mass of cyanide of potassium, which is variable according to the metal worked upon and the effect sought to be produced. Thus for the purpose of heatingI use lution.
a bath of fused cyanide of potassium or any other substance free from oxygen fusible by heat. This substance is heated to redness in a crucible or retort, and in this fused bath I place the metal on which I propose to operate. Having allowed the metal to remain in this fused bath as long as desirable, I remove it and immediately submerge it in a coolingbath, for which purpose I prefer a metallic so- I have found solutions the metallic base of which is copper or silver to be the best; but I do not confine myself to these metals.
What I accomplish by these means is as follows: In the case of wrought-iron I convert the surface into steel, and the extent to which this conversion is carried depends upon the length of time the metal remains in the fused bath. I am thus enabled to produce the effects ofcase-hardening on malleable iron tov any given depth and in less time than is required by any other process. In the case of cast-iron the result of my process is to change its granular structure to a condition approxt mating to a fibrous structure, thus greatly in creasing its tenacity, and at the same tnne. when suddenly cooled, to give it a great degree of hardness, equal or nearly so, to that of steel under similar treatment, thus giving to it the properties of steel. In the case of steel I heat it by this process for the purpose of preserving the surface from oxidizing, and for the convenience of heating many articles of irregular shape, the parts of which are of unequal thickness and the thin parts of which are liable to be overheated bythe old process, and consequently to warp when immersed in the cooling-bath. By this process the heat is equally diffused throughout the submerged mass.
Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. The improved method of hardening and tempering steel by heating the same in cyanide of potassium previous to its immersion in a cooling-liquid.
2. The improved mode of treating iron for the purpose of producing upon it the effects of case-hardening by heating the same in a bath of cyanide of potassium and by submerging it in a cooling-liquid.
3. The improved mode of treating cast-iron In testimony whereof I have signed my for the purpose of converting itinto steel or name to this specification beforetwo subscriba substance resembling steel by heating: the ing' witnesses. same. in a bath of cyanide of potassium and snbmerging it in a cooling-liquid. ELLIOT SAVAGE. 4. In the method of treating iron, steel,an(l l other metals by means of cyanide of potas- Witnesses:
sinm, as and for the purposes hereinbefore set WM. H. SWEETSER,
fortlnthc use of metallic solutions as the cool- VVM. J. QUINCY.-
ing-liquidr
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US52796A true US52796A (en) | 1866-02-20 |
Family
ID=2122342
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US52796D Expired - Lifetime US52796A (en) | Improved process for converting iron into steel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US52796A (en) |
-
0
- US US52796D patent/US52796A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101171450B1 (en) | Method for hot press forming of coated steel and hot press formed prodicts using the same | |
CN109666876A (en) | A kind of high cobalt martensitic stain less steel and preparation method | |
CN104152916A (en) | Thermal treatment and plasma nitrocarburizing surface treatment process method for special wear-resistant die steel with ultrahigh heat conductivity for hot stamping | |
US3185600A (en) | Cryogenic quenching method | |
KR900004951A (en) | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy parts with increased fatigue strength | |
US52796A (en) | Improved process for converting iron into steel | |
US2032694A (en) | Method for hardening metals | |
KR100760152B1 (en) | Manufacturing method of high strength automobile parts by zinc galvanization steel sheet using hot stamping | |
US1934741A (en) | Metal part and process of hardening | |
US3157539A (en) | Method of producing shaped metallic bodies having a copper alloy base and a noble metal outer coating | |
WO2004076709A1 (en) | Iron-based parts and method for manufacture thereof | |
JPH10121130A (en) | Production of endless metallic ring | |
US3639641A (en) | Method for rapid manufacture of nitrided thick layer of super high hardness on ferrous metal articles | |
US1984458A (en) | Cast iron alloy articles | |
US331104A (en) | Process of covering metallic objects with an electroplating of magnetic oxide of iron | |
JP6793541B2 (en) | Spheroidal graphite cast iron pipe and method for manufacturing spheroidal graphite cast iron pipe | |
JPS583031B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing boride coated metal | |
US2838430A (en) | Method of producing an anti-galling surface upon a titanium article | |
US3506500A (en) | Production of force-applying tools | |
KR100922619B1 (en) | Steel having high strength and methode for manufacturing the same | |
US1065379A (en) | Treatment of steel, iron, &c. | |
US1937629A (en) | Black finishing metal articles | |
US2087768A (en) | Ferrous metal and method of making same | |
US1944227A (en) | Galvanized malleable iron and method of producing same | |
US2493339A (en) | Heat-treatment of cast iron |