US522105A

US522105A - canda

Info

Publication number: US522105A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1894-06-26
Anticipated expiration: 1911-06-26

Description

(No Model.)

WITNESSES:

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. E. CAN DA. REFRIGERATOR GAR.

' Patented June26, 1894.

INVENTO/f W W r? A TTORNEYS.

m: NAYIONAL LHNDGRAPHING COMPANY WASHINGTON. D. c,

U ITED STATES.

PATENT (OFFICE...

FERDINAND E. OANDA, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

REFRIGERATOR-CAR.

SPECIFICATIQN' forming part of Letters Patent No. 522,105, dated June 26, 1894. pp i filed January 18, 1893. Serial No. 458,805. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FERDINAND E. OANDA, of New York,in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Refrigerator-Cars, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of the invention is to provide certain new and useful improvements in refrigerator cars, whereby a maximum carryng capacity with a minimum of dead weight 1s obtained, the insulated condition is maintained for an indefinite period, and fresh meats, fruits and other perishable articles may be safely transported for long distances with an economical consumption of ice The invention consists of a combination of central and outer braces with insulating linings secured to the said braces and adapted to form three independent air-tight chambers,

as will be fully described hereinafter and then pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improvement with parts broken out and parts in sec- .tion. Fig. 2 is an enlarged transverse section of part of the improvement on the line 22 of Fig.1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of a corner angle block. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of a regular angle block. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 7 is an enlarged transverse section of the upper part of the car body. Fig. 8 is a sectional plan view of a corner of the car body; and Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of part of the improvement.

The weights of various refrigerator cars in service range from twenty-five to thirty tons, and they have acapacity of from ten to twelve tons only, which shows that the relation which the load bears to the dead load is totally out of proportion; that is, the carsare too heavy for the loads they carry.

Oars, as heretofore constructed, when new or recently made, are all fairly economical in the use of ice, thus indicating, for the time, good insulation, and while in this condition,

they fully answer the purpose for which they are designed; but when these cars are strained from over-loading, or otherwise lose their camber or change their normal form, the insulation of such cars is greatly impaired; the paper forming an important part of the insulation is found to be torn and the other insulating materials are displaced and opening seams are formed for thewarm air to gain access to the interior of the car and for the cold air from the interior. of the car to escape. It follows that the usefulness of such a car is materially impaired and that thereafter its consumption of ice will be materially increased, thus rendering the running expenses Very high.

In cars as heretofore constructed but little, if any, attention has been given to the proper trussing or framing of the car and ordinarily too much reliance for strength has been placed in the lining, insulating divisions, and weather boards to aid in carrying the load and maintaining the form of the car, while the interior framing, if any, consists of but single posts or braces with tie rods such as are used in the framing of ordinary box cars. In case ordinary box cars receive shocks their general usefulness is not apparently prejudiced, but the slightest strain or shock on a refrigerator car greatly impairs its usefulness.

'In refrigerator cars of recent construction no effort has been made to reduce the dead weight of the car above mentioned, by a proper distribution of materials with reference to the strains which may exist or in accord with the efficacy of the insulating materials employed, but on the contrary it appears that thick and heavy materials are considered essential to secure good results in strength and insulation.

With my improvements presently to be described in detail, I overcome the above-mentioned objections and provide'a car in which I secure a maximum carrying capacity with a minimum of dead weight, so that the car will indefinitely maintain its insulated con dition for safely transporting its contents for long distances With -an economical consumption of ice.

The car body A is provided with the usual sills B and plates 0 connected with each other the angle blocks II and at their upper ends on angle blocks II, the said angle blocks H being arranged vertically above the angle blocks H, the latter being held on the sill B and the former on the under side of the plate 0. The corresponding angle blocks II and 1-1 are secured in place on the sill B and plate 0 by a vertically disposed truss rod I passing through the sill and plate and secured there to by nuts screwing on the lower and upper ends of the rod, as is plainly shown in Fig. 1.

he outer braces F, F are arranged in pairs with the corresponding central braces passing between the outer braces F and F, the braces being connected with each other at their point of intersection by a bolt J, and the ends of the outer braces F, F being connected with each other by a bolt J, as is plainly indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. The angle blocks H and H act as footings for the braces, the latter forming composite posts which render the car very strong and durable.

Each of the regular angle blocks H or H is formed with a V-shaped bottom H adapted to receive, on each side, the beveled end of the angularly-arranged braces F, F or G, see details in Figs. 5and 6. Inorder to separate the outer braces F and the corresponding central braces G, I provide the bottom 11 with longitudinally-extending flanges 11 on the outside of which fit the outer braces, while between the fianges passes the lower end of the central brace. From the center of the angle block extends downward a hub H adapted to engage a corresponding recess formed in the respective sill B or the plate 0, and through this hub also passes the vertically disposed truss rod I, as is plainly illustrated in Fig. 2. The V-shaped bottom H is provided on its under side with longitudinally extending loops 11 adapted to rest with their straight edges on the surface of the respective sill B or plate 0. The angle blocks for the corners of the car are formed with a horizontal extension 11 recessed for the reception of the corner post D, as will be readily understood by reference to Figs. 1, 3 and 4.. As only one set of outer braces and central braces extends to such corner angle block, the latter is provided with a single inclined bottom, as is plainly shown in Figs. 3 and at.

A light lining K of wood is placed between the adjacent surfaces of the front outer braces F and central braces G, and a like lining" K is arranged between the adjacent faces of the central braces G and the outer main braces F, see Figs. 7 and 8. The linings K and K are covered on their outer surfaces by an insulating paper L, L respectively. Against the outer faces of the outer braces F I arrange another lining N, of wood, and a similar lining N covers the inner face of the outer braces F, this lining also forming the inner wall of the car body A. A paper 0 is arranged on the inner surface of the lining N, and a similar paper 0 is arranged on the inner surface of the lining N, so that the outer braces F are placed between the papers 0 and L, and the outer braces F between the papers L and 0. By this arrangement three independent air spaces or chambers P, P and P are formed in each side of the car, the braces F, F and G extending through the said spaces. The spaces I, P, P may be filled with any of the well known insulating materials, such as air, felt, woolen rags, granulated cork, etc. The inner lining N is formed of boards having longitudinally extending grooves N which grooves are placed outward when the bolts are put in position, so as to form, with the paper 0', longitudinally-extending air spaces, at the same time reducing the weight of this lining by having the material cutaway to form the grooves N The weather boards Q attached vertically to the rails R, in the usual manner, are formed with grooves Q, similar to the grooves N which are placed inward to form verticallydisposed air channels extending between the lining N and the weather boards. The inner faces of the weather boards Q are a suitable distance from the outer face of the lining N, so that a fourth space P is formed, the said weather boards forming an outer jacket for the car body, with a free air space, thus facilitating the exit of the heat due to radiation,

which heat can thus be carried off through the dues in the weather boards as it ascends, discharging itself near the top of the car into a chamber Q located immediately under the inner roof boards S. From the chamber Q ICC extends downward on the outside of the weather boards Q a short channel Q situated under the facia boards Q, and opening to the outside to permit the air ascending the grooves Q, to the chamber Q to pass out to the outer air. The interior roof boards S are covered by a metallic lining T, so that any leakage of water from the exterior roof Voan pass down said metallic lining to the side of the car to drip through a vertically-disposed channel U between the facia boards V and Q to the ground. The exterior roof Vis located a suitable distance above the lining T and is supported 011 longitudinal stringers or purlins, V, which rest on the ribs '1", as is plainly shown in Figs. 7 and 9. Each outer end of the said roof boards V supports downwardly-extending facia boards V forming the exterior covering of the channel U. Each rib T is covered by a metallic cap T see Fig. 9, approximately U-shaped in cross section, and extending over the upturned ends of the metallic lining T, which has its edges embedded in longitudinal recesses formed in the sides of the respective ribs T, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 9.

As illustrated in Fig. 2, the floor W of the car is formed with dead air spaces W, and the ceiling WW of the car is likewise formed with dead air spaces W the several partitions being lined with paper on top, as is plainly shown in Fig. 7. The lining boards W for the ceiling are similar in construction to the interior lining N arranged on the sides and ends; that is, they are provided with longitudinally extending grooves forming dead air spaces by being covered with paper, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 7.

It will be seen that by the construction referred to I can proportion the framing of the car to meet the requirements of strength without the use of unnecessary materials, causing dead Weight; and that the covering of the car, as well as the materials required for insulation can be exceptionally light, as no reliance whatever is placed on these parts to support the load.

A special advantage of the improved car is the arrangement of a central insulating chamber inclosed between two outer insulating chambers, each of the chambers being separate and independent from the others. It will be observed that the insulating partitions are comparatively light and the usual practice of furring which considerably increases the weight of the car, is avoided.

It will further be seen that by this system of trussing above described I am enabled to distribute the materials in the various members according to the strains which may occur, and thereby save much otherwise unnecessary weight.

The braces F F and G respectively constitute a very strong framing for the car, the function of the outer braces being to receive and distribute the load throughout the car and carry it from its center and end to the body bolster, while the central braces practically do not receive or distribute any part of the load but serve in other very essential points in the framing of a refrigerator car, namely: They represent an absent load in the car and make it possible for the car to resist shocks in a train which without them would have the effect of raising the center of the car above its normal position thereby tearing the insulating paper or displacing the insulating material, and thus impairing the future service of the car. The central braces also take the place of furring strips which would otherwise be necessary and in connection with the outer braces form the required insulating chambers or divisions between i which theinner linings extend the fulllength from the end of the car to the door posts,

outer and counter braces, the central brace occupying a space between the two outer braces, and this method I prefer to employ in practice.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a refrigerator car, the combination, with the central braces, of insulating linings placed on each side thereof, and braces arranged outside of each of said insulating 1111- ings, substantially as herein shown and described, whereby a central independent insulating chamber is formed between said outer braces, as set forth.

2. In a refrigerator ear, the combination, with the central braces, of insulating linings placed on each side thereof, forming an interior central independent insulating chamber, outer braces arranged outside of said insulating linings, and insulating linings secured upon the outer surfaces of said outer braces, substantially as shown and described, whereby the said interior insulating chamber is inclosed between two exterior insulating chambers, as set forth.

3. In a refrigerator car, the combination of the following instrumentalities, namely, a frame consisting of inner and outer braces with their adjuncts, insulating linings arranged upon the sides of the inner braces, thereby forming an independent central insulating chamber inclosing the central braces, and'insulating linings secured upon the exterior sides of the outer braces, thereby forming two separate independent exterior insulating chambers which inclose the central insulating chamber and also inclose the exterior braces, as herein set forth.

4. Arefrigerator car provided with weather IIO boards having vertically-disposed grooves forming air channels, the lower ends of which open to the outside and the upper ends into an air chamber formed in the roof, the said chamber being connected by a downward channel with the outside air, substantially as shown and described.

FERDINAND E. OANDA. Witnesses:

THEO. G. Hosrmz, EDGAR TATE.