US519749A - welch - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 'I.

A. T. WELGH.

GAS BURNER FOR HEATERS.

No. 519,749. Patent-ed ay 15, 1894.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2, A. T. WELGH.

GAS BURNER FOR HEATERS.

No. 519.749. Patented May 15, 1894..

(No Model.) 3 Sheets Sheet; 3. A. T. WELGH. GAS BURNER FOB. HEATERS.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ABRAHAM T. WELCH, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

GAS-BURNER FOR HEATERS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Iletters Patent No. 519,749, dated May 15, 1894.

Application filed March 30, 1893. Serial No. 468,376. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

l 3e it known that I, ABRAHAM T. WELoH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, 1n the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Burners for Heaters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertalns to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The object of the present invention is to provide a gas burner for heaters of all classes WhlOh will effect complete combustion of the gas, and will give the blue heating flame of a Bunse n burner, with gas of a variable candle power, by means of an easy and simple ad ustment which regulates the supply of carbon to the flame according as the candle power of the gas varies; thereby maintaining a blue heating flame free from smoke or soot. If the gas remains of constant candle power under a uniform pressure the character of the heatlng flame will not vary, for the gas will at all times contain a constant amount of carbon and the air supply will be the same; but if the gas varies in candle power, as is always the case with gas made from gasoline, the per cent. of carbon in the gas varies. If the gas becomes richer there is more carbon present, and hence, without an increase in the amount of air supplied to the flame, the latter will lose its heating character, while, on the other hand, if the gas becomes poorer, or impoverlshed, there isless carbon present in the flame, and the point is soon reached with a blue heating flame, where there is not enough carbon present to hold the flame, and it goes out.

The object of my invention is therefore to provide a heating burner which will admit of a regulated supply of carbon to the flame with a constant supply of air, thereby maintaining the flame constant with gas of varying richness.

My invention consistsin providing a burner for heaters, with a gas orifice, oropening, so arranged as to give one or more jets of gas under full pressure and adapted to draw in air for the flame, and with a gas orifice having a valve or means for gaging or regulating the flow of gas therethrough, so as to supply to the flame an additional amount of carbon in such regulated quantities as will make the total amount of carbon supplied to the flame constant without interfering with or reducing the air supply. The size of the orifices determines, of course, the amount of carbon, in proportion to the pressure of the gas; a small orifice, letting out less carbon, and, with a rich gas, supplying all that is needed to give the desired blue flame. A larger orifice delivers more gas, but if the gas is proportionately poorer the amount of carbon supplied to the flame is the same provided the orifices are proportionedin size to the candle power of the gas. As a consideration essential to the invention it is necessary that the primary orifice or orifices discharging gas under full pressure and creating the air drafts, and the secondary gas jet supplying additional carbon to the flame when required, shall not intermingle at the point of exit of either jet, or set of jets, but that the intermingling shall take place at a point distant or removed from the burner in order that the air supply to the flame, caused by the primary jet or jets, may not be interfered with.

The invention further consists of certain details of arrangement and construction of parts which will be fully described and then pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1, shows a Bunsen burner embodying my invention, the same being partly in section. Fig. 2, is an illustration of an open burner, also shown partly in section. Fig. 3, is a plan view of the same. Fig. 4, illustrates an open burner having needle valves for all the gas orifices. Fig. 5, is a vertical sectional view of a modified form of the burner with a re versed arrangement of the gas orifices, and Fig. 6, is a plan thereof.

Referring to Fig. 1, A is a gas supply pipe, provided with a valve or cook B, and having the head G. The plate 0 on the top of the head has a central gas orifice o, fitted with a needle valve D and a hand wheel at for operating it. Surrounding the central orifice c and removed some distance therefrom are four small gas orifices e, the number of these small orifices depending upon the size of the flame desired. The gas orifices e are preferably fashioned so as to taper from the inside of the burner outward, and have a general inclination toward the center of the burner, of a greater or less" angle according to the size of the burner, for the purpose hereinafter stated. The burner-plate c is extended beyond the head 0 into a circular plate F having air holesf therein; and resting upon the outer edge of this plate F, is the pipe or cylinder F having at its top the foraminous or gauze diaphragm G. This pipe or cylinder F forms the mixing chamber of the ordinary Bunsen burner.

The foregoing description applies also to the burner illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, with the exception that in the latter case the pipe or cylinder F and the perforated plate F are omitted, thus producing an open burner for general use. The arrangement of the outer or primary gas orifices e and the central or secondary orifice c is here clearly shown. In the case of a large burner, the primary and secondary orifices can be simply duplicated or multiplied.

The burner, illustrated in Fig. 4, differs from that burner shown in Figs. 2 and 3, merely in the provision of needle valves D one for each of the primary gas orifices e in addition to the needle valve D for the central orifice, for the purpose hereinafter stated. As before stated, the gas orifices e are of such size as will give a blue flame with the richest gas used with the burner. It will be observed that they are located near the outer edge of the burner, and the jets of gas issuing therefrom induce inward air drafts, to effect a mixture of air and gas and feed the flame with the requisite oxygen for proper combustion. The inward inclination given to the primary orifices e causes the gas jets and air currents to meet a short distance above the burner at which point the flame begins. When the gas is richest, the orifices 6 alone are used. Now if the gas falls in candle power it becomes necessary to supply more carbon to the flame, and the pin valve D is opened, more or less, according to the reduction in the candle power of the gas. The orifice c is very much larger than the primary orifices e, as indicated, and when fully opened will deliver a large amount of gas, but ordinarily the valve 1) is opened but a small amount, discharging gas through the narrow channel around the needle point of the valve, the friction of which reduces the pressure of the gas, and it escapes with a much reduced velocity. This gas is drawn up by the draft of the primary gas jets, and mixes therewith supplying thereto the carbon needed to maintain the blue heating flame.

It is within the scope of my invention to supply thegasforthesecondaryorifice through an open pipe without the needle valve so long as the gas is discharged within the range of the draft produced by the primary orifice or orifices and the supply of gas therethrough is limited to the requirements of the flames. The primary openings when used in conjunction with a secondary orifice operate as injectors to draw in and create the air drafts while the carbon or the bulk of the carbon for the flame is supplied by the secondary opening. If the burner is a large one the primary orifices e are situated some distance from the center. There may be many of them, provided they are so situated that each orifice will draw up its quota of air without infringing on each other before each jet has produced its air draft. The angle of inclination of each jet on an open burner should be such as to bring the air blast and primary et into the field of the gas discharged from the secondary orifice at the point where the flame is produced, thus in case of a large burner where the primary orifices are some distance removed from the secondary orifice, the pnmary jets have a greater inclination than they do in small burners, the object being to cause the gas to mix at the desired height above the burner, and below the surface to be heated.

I further desire it to be understood that the invention includes within its scope such an assemblage of gas jets as will collectively produce the eifects herein set forth, even though the'primary jets, and the secondary jet or jets are separate burners, provided they are so assembled as to project their jets into a common field and there produce the flame, and provided further that, as above set forth, the primary jets are of such a character as will produce or generate a constant airdraft, and a secondary jet will supply in a regulated manner the carbon needed to maintain a constant blue flame with gas of varying richness.

In the use of suchaburnerforindustrialpurposes it will be understood thatitis desirable to have a flame of a uniform size, and this can only be secured by having the amount of carbon supplied to the flame at all timesconstant. With an increase in the amount of carbon the blue character of the flame can be preserved by supplying an increased amount of air, but this it will be seen will enlarge the flame; hence for the purpose of maintaining a flame of a constant size it is designed with this burner to have a constant air supply, and by regulating the amount of carbon preserve the blue heating character of the flame and also a flame of a constant size. There is therefore a limit to the size of the secondary orifice, which is the opening needed for the poorest grade of gas that will hold a flame. If it is desired to reduce the size of the flame this is done by reducing the number of primary orifices, and for this purpose needle valves D as shown in Fig. 4, maybe provided for closing one or more of them. For example two opposite orifices e, may be closed leaving a single pair, reducing the flame thereby one half. In thiscase if the carbon jet 0' is open and set for use with all four of the primary orifices, it will have to be closed one half, so as to reduce to that extent the supply of extra carbon to the flame. I have illustrated another embodiment of my invention in Figs. 5, and 6, wherein the position of the primary and secondary orifices is reversed, and the former is on the in.- side and the latter on the outside. But the essential feature of the burner is still present, viz., an orifice for rich gas so placed as to receive a supply of air and produce an air draft and burn with a blue heating flame, in conjunction with a valved or regulated orifice for low grade gas adapted to supply carbon to the flame. H is the central tube of the burner having a narrow slot h, or a line of holes, gaged for burning rich gas. To a shoulder 72. on the tube H there is secured a concentric tube I and outside thereof, in like manner screwed on to a shoulder t" or the tube I, there is an outer tube J forming an annular gas channel j outside of the air channel z. Holes 11 in the tube I below the shoulder 2" admit air to the annular air channel '11 and the supply of air therethrough may be cut off wholly or in part by a collar 1 A screw threaded hollow spindle K having a slot is at its center forms a valve for conducting gas from the pipe H through the annular air space ito the outer gas channelj. This hollow slotted spindle has a hand wheel is and it passes through the outer cylinder J on one side, diametrically through the cylinders I and H and the open end of the gas spindle seats against the inside face of the outer cylinder J opposite to the point of entrance. Ihe slot comes within the central pipe H and when the end of the spindle is not seated against the cylinder J, gas can flow from the inner pipe H, through the hollow spindle K to the outer gas chamber j without entering the annular air space i. A seatj is formed for the end of the spindle K.

The operation of this form of burner when used as a heating burner, will be readily understood. When the spindle cock is is closed the primary orifice it alone will supply gas at full pressure, and the air draft will be up through the annular channel 1' as well as directly from without. If the gas is too low in candle power the spindle cock K is opened more or less, and the gas delivered through the outer or secondary gas channel j supplies the carbon needed to maintain the heating In this case, if it should be desired to give an illuminating flame, the air holes 1' are closed, cutting off the air drafts from the primary jet.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is 1. A gas burner for heaters havinga minimum sized primary gas orifice or orifices and a maximum sized, secondary orifice having means for regulating the flow of gas therethrough, said primary and secondary gas onfices being distan tly and relatively arranged, to induce inward air drafts by their gas jets, substantially as set forth.

2. A gas burner having a minimum slzed gas orifice, and a central gas orifice having a valve for regulating the flow of gas therethrough, said gas orifices being distantly and relatively arranged to induce inward drafts by their gas jets to feed the flame, substantially as set forth.

3. A gas burner having a circularly arranged series of primary gas orifices to burn gas of a high candle power, and a central gas orifice having a valve for regulating the flow of gas therethrough, substantially as specified.

4. A gas burner having one or more gas 01'1- fices to induce an air blast by the gas jets issuing there from to feed the flame, and a secondary gas orifice having an adjustable valve arranged to deliver gas to the flame at a reduced pressure, substantially as set forth.

5. A gas burner having its supply pipe provided with an enlargement or head fitted with a top plate having a valved central gas orifice and a distantly arranged series of tapering gas orifices, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. A gas burner havinga valved central gas orifice and a series of distantly arranged gas orifices having a general inclination inward toward the center of the burner substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. A gas burner having a valved central gas orifice and aseries of distantly arranged gas orifices tapered from within the burner outward and having a general inclination toward the center of the burner, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. A gas burner having a valved central gas orifice and a series of distantly arranged gas orifices, in combination with a cylinder or pipe arranged thereon and having at its top a foraminous or gauze diaphragm, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ABRAHAM T. WELGH.

Witnesses:

STORY B. LADD, J WM. MISTER.

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