US1938852A

US1938852A - Burner

Info

Publication number: US1938852A
Application number: US513948A
Authority: US
Inventors: Garnet W Mckee
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1931-02-06
Filing date: 1931-02-06
Publication date: 1933-12-12
Anticipated expiration: 1950-12-12

Description

G. W. MCKEE Dea 12, 1933.

BURNER Filed Feb. 6, 1931 u 0 l! I Patented Dec. 12, 1933 UNITED srArEs PATENT o.fI-"F1clf=v-A BURNER Garnet W. McKee, Rockford, Ill. Application February s, 1931. serial No. 513,948

.12 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements in burners, and has particular reference to burners adapted for use with means for producing and supplying an adjustable proportionate mixture of fuel and air, such for example as a jet inspirator. Y

Jet inspirators commonly comprise a mixing tube, a chamber communicating with the inlet end of the tube and adapted to be supplied with one of the fluid constituents of the fuel mixture, and a nome for discharging a jet of the other fluid constituent of the fuel mixture, as the driving fluid, into the tube to induce a proportionate flow 0f fluid from the chamber into the tube.

In my copending application, Serial No.Y

427,713, filed February 12, 1930, I have shown a jet inspirator of the low pressure type in which the fuel is the induced fluid. The present invention relates to a burner comprising a jet inspirator of the high pressure type in which the fuel is the inducing fluid and atmospheric air is the induced fluid. The fuel and air ratio in the mixture flowing through the mixing tube is subject to adjustment by adjusting the area of the air inlet to -the chamber about the fuel nozzle. to the burner may be adjusted through the agency of a control valve in the fuel supply line.

`Various objects of the present invention reside in the provision of a novel gas burner of the high pressure type which has a wide range of adjustment, which is not likely to back-nre even though the fuel pressure is reduced to minimum,

which may supply the primary fuel mixture without blowing the flame away from the burner tip, and which has a relatively small overall length.

Another important object is to provide a new and improved burner of the high pressure type which constitutes part of the 'proportional mixer,

and which is adapted to be positioned closely to the furnace tuyre, so that the mixture of fuel and air is not mixed intimately or completely within the burner tube, and hence is not so likely to result in back-firing as woulda more perfect mixture.

A further object resides in the provision of a burner of the high ,pressure type comprising means for supplying one or more small pilot streams of gas to the burner. tip which gas is availableto supplementv the gas in the primary mixture to maintain a final mixture of the def 'sired proportions, andwhich serves to keep the burner ignited at all times.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent as the description proceeds.

\ disclosed, but intend to cover The volume lof fuel mixture supplied tal fuel directly tothe burner V(Cl. 158-109) In the 'drawing,`Figure 1 is a view, partially in section of a burner embodying the features of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a view of the discharge end of the burner tube taken along line 2--2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, I k have shown in the drawing and will herein describe in detail the preferred embodiment, but it is to be understood that I do not thereby intend to limit the invention to the specific form all modifications and alternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Referring more particularly to the drawing, the burner in its' preferred form comprises a burner tube 10 of suitable form. In the present 75 instance, theV tube 10 is elongated, and is formed with a straight passage of which the inlet end is smoothly rounded on a relatively large radius as indicated at l1, and of which the discharge end is smoothly rounded on a relatively small radius as indicated at 12.

The burner tube l0 constitutes also the mixing tube of a fuel and air mixer which may be of any suitable form. In the present instance, the mixer comprises a casing 13 secured to the inlet 35 end of the tube 10. The casing 13 is formed -internally with a hollow central fitting 14 in spaced relation Ato the tube 10, and connected to a fuel line 15 adapted to supply fuel, such as gas or oil, from a suitable source under the desired pressure. A control valve 16 is interposed in the line 15 for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied.

' Opening from the fitting 14 is a restricted orifice or nozzle 17 discharging axially into the tube 10.

The rear 'of Athe casing 13 opens about the fit- 95 ting 14 to the atmosphere to define a primary air inlet 18. A shutter 19 adjustably mounted on the casing 13v across the inlet 18 serves as means for regulating the amount of primary air supplied. Preferably, the orifice 17 is of such 10o' a size that with the shutter 19 completely open, insufllcient air for complete combustion will be supplied through the inlet 18. It will be evident that the jet of fuel issuing from the orifice 17 will entrain or inject air from the casing 13'in 105 a definite proportion, and will cause a primary mixture of fuel and air to pass through the tube 10 at a high velocity.

To provide means for supplying supplementip, the tube 10 is 110 spaced secondary air inlet ports 34.

lfurnace wall formed adjacent its outer end with an outer peripheral flange 20 defining an annular shoulder 21, and is formed intermediate the shoulder and the tip with an elongated peripheral recess 22. An outer sleeve' 23 is fitted snugly over the tube' 10 and against the shoulder 21,. and preferably is Welded to the latter, thus constituting the recess 22 a closed annular fuel chamber. Formed in the outer periphery of the burner tip in spaced relation are a plurality of longitudinal pilot ports 24 adapted to discharge fuel from the chamber 22 about the mixture issuing from the tube 10. The inner or discharge end of the sleeve 23 defines a fiat annular face 25 about the ports 24. 'Fuel is supplied from the line 15 to the chamber 22 through a branch line 26. The line 26 is located at the burner. side of the valve 16 so 'that the supply of gas to the chamber 22 is varied in the same relation as that to the orifice 17. Interposed in the line 2,6 is a pressure reducing means 27 of suitable construction.

Where the burner is intended for use on a furnace and not as a torch, a sleeve 28 is mounted in concentric spaced relation about the discharge end of the'tube 10, and more specifically is formed on its outer end with an inner peripheral end flange 29 seating against an annular shoulder 30 formed in the sleeve 23. The other end of the sleeve 28 is formed with an outer peripheral flange 31 adapted to be mounted on a 32 concentrically -about an opening 33 formed in the latter. 'I'he opening 33 in the furnace wall 32 is larger than the outside diameter of the tube 10, and preferably is slightly flared inwardly. Formed in the peripheral wall of the sleeve 28 are a plurality of longitudinal A cylindrical air shutter 35 mounted on the sleeve 28 is formed with air inlet ports 36 corresponding in size and spacing to the ports 34, and is rotatably adjustable against the flange 31 to bring the

ports

34 and 36 into various degrees of registration so as to control the supply of secondary air to the burner tip. In operation, the shutter 19 normally is left wide open. The valve 16 is opened to supply gas or oil to the orifice 17 and 'at a reduced pressure to the chamber 22. A primary fuel mixture, ,deficient in air, thus is caused to flow at a -high velocity through the burner tube 10. Fuel jets which when ignited constitute pilot flames also issue from the ports 24 about the primary stream. The secondary air required for complete combustion of the primary stream as well as of the pilot streams is drawn through the

ports

34 and 36 about the burner tip into the furnace opening 33, The pilot ilames act continuously to keep the primary stream ignited, which is essential since the latter by reason of its high velocity would otherwise tend to become'extinguished. By reason of the small curvature at ,12 and the fiat suri roun face 25, the primary fuel stream does not tend to blow out the pilot flames, but on the contrary. tends continuously to` draw the pilot flames and the secondary air toward itself. Thus. 1trilulieiliot llames act constantly to keep the burner It win be evident um the fuel-air raue er the'- flnal mixture may .be made exactly correct for complete combustion, or may be varied .over a substantial range to obtain a reducing flame or an llame as desired. Due tothe partial primary mixing of fuel and air and the complete utilization of the velocity pressure, a fast moving but slow burning mixture results. Hence. a flame having very desirable characteristics is obtained, and the fuel pressure can be reduced considerably below the normal low point of operation of high pressure burner without the likelihood of back flashing.

I claim as my invention:

1. A burner comprising, in combination, a burner tuyre, a burner tube mounted in operative relation to said tuyre, means for supplying a proportionate gaseous fuel mixture under a high lvelocity tothe inlet end of said tube, a fuel supply line connected to said means, a line branching from said first mentioned line for supplying a restricted quantity 'of supplemental fuel to the discharge tip of said tube about the periphery thereof, pressure reducing means in said last mentioned line, and adjustable means for supplying secondary air about said tip to said mixture and said supplemental fuel.

2. A burner comprising, in combination, a

burner tuyre, a burner tube having a iongitudi nal passage opening therethrough, a sleeve fitting about said tube and defining an annular space therewith, a plurality. of spaced ports opening from said space through the tip of said tube to said tuyre, ay casing open to the atmosphere and connected to the inlet end of said tube, a nozzle in said casing discharging axially into said tube. valve controlled means for supplying fuel to said nozzle, and means for supplying supplemental fuel at a reduced pressure from said first mentioned means to said space.

3. A gas burner comprising, in combination, an elongated burner tube having a discharge tip at one end, an atmospheric air casing opening to the other end of said tube, a restricted injector nozzle mounted in said casing to discharge axially into said other end of said tube, a gas supply line connected to said nozzle,`means for discharging a. restricted quantity of supplemental gas to said discharge tip about the periphery thereof, and a line branching from said first mentioned line for supplying gas to -said means.

4. A burner comprising, in combination, a burner tube having a lstraight longitudinal passage opening therethrough, the inletend of said passage being flared on a relatively large radius and the outlet end of said passage 4being flared convexly on a relativelyfsmall radius, a sleeve fittingv about said tube and defining an annular space therewith out of communication'withsaid passage, the end of said sleeve defining a fiat annular surface about the outlet end of said passage, a plurality o f peripherally spaced .ports opening from said space about the discharge end of said tube, means for supplying a mixture of fuel and air to said tube, and means for supplying supplemental fuel to said space.

,5. A burner comprising, in combination, a burner tube having a straight vlongitudinal passage opening therethrough, the outlet end of said passage being flared outwardly on a relatively small radius, a sleeve fitting about said tube and defining an annular space therewith, the

vend of said sleevedening a fiat annular surface about the ared voutletend of said pe. a plurality of peripherally spaced ports. opening from said space to said surface about the discharge end of said tube, an annular air space opening about the discharge end of said tube, mean for supplying a mixturel of fuel and ,air under pressure to said tube, and means for supplying fuel to said first mentioned space.

6. A burner ti'rvre. a vburner tube 'smaller in ,diameter than comprising, in combination, al

said tuyre and disposed in axial alinement there# with, said tube being formed with a central passage and an annular chamber about said passage having a plurality of outletports discharging about the outlet end of said passage into said tuyre, a concentric sleeve mounted in peripherally spaced relation on said tube and about said tuyre and formed with a`plurality of peripherally spaced openings, a shutter rotatably mounted on saidsleeve and formed with a plurality of peripherally spaced openings adjustable into various degrees -of registration with said first mentioned openings, means for supplying a proportionate mixture of fuel and air to said tube and being adjustable to vary the volume of said mixture and to vary the proportion of fuel and air in said mixture, and meansfor supplying supplemental fuel to said chamber.

. 7. A burner comprising, in combination, a tuyre, a burner tube having a longitudinal passage opening therethrough, the exterior of said tube being recessed peripherally with a shoulder at the discharge tip, a sleeve fitting about said burner tube and defining a closed annular space therewith, a plurality of peripherally spaced ports formed in said shoulder and opening from said space to said tuyre, a casing connected tothe inlet end of =said tube. a nozzle in said casing and discharging into said tube, a valve controlled line for supplying fuel to said nozzle, means for admitting air to said casing, and a line connecting said rst mentioned line to said space.

8. A burner comprising, in combination, a tuyre, a burnertube having a longitudinal passage opening therethrough and discharging to said tuyre, a chamber about said tube, a plurality of spaced ports formed in the tip of said tube and opening `from said chamber to said tuyre, a suction chamber connected to the inlet endof said tube, a nozzle adapted to discharge into the inlet end of said tube, a line for supplying a fuel under a high pressure to said nozzle, means forI ,supplying air to said suction chamber, and a line branching from said first mentioned line for supplying a small stream of supplemental fuel to said first mentioned chamber.

9. A gas burner comprising, in combination, an elongated burner tube having a discharge tip at one end, a casing connected to and in communication with the other end of said tube, said casing having an atmospheric air inlet opening, an adjustable shutter for controlling the effective area of said opening, a restricted injector nozzle mounted in said casing to discharge axially into said other end of said tube, means for `discharging a restrictedquantity of gas to said discharge tip about the periphery thereof, a gas supply line connected to said nozzle, a control valve in said line, a lineV branching from said first mentioned line at the discharge side of said valve and connected to said means, and pressure reducing means in said4 last mentioned line.

10. A burner comprising, in combination, a burner tube having a passage of which thedischarge end is flared convexly, the discharge tip of said tube being peripherally unconiined and defining a fiat annular. end surface merging with the outer peripheral margin oi the flared portion of said passage, means for supplying fuel to the discharge tip of said tube at said surface, and means for supplying a stream of a fuel and air mixture at a relatively high velocity through said passage, said stream acting to induce a flow of supplemental air about the discharge tip of said tube and a flow of fuel from said first mentioned means into said stream.

11. A burner comprising, in combination, a`

body having an elongated discharge passage and a peripheral space, said body being formed with a plurality of peripherally spaced ports opening from said space about the outlet end of said passage, a casing on said body in communication with the inlet end of said passage, said casing having an air inlet, a shutter adjustably mounted on said casing for regulating the eiective opening of' said air inlet, a restricted nozzle in said casing for discharging axially into said passage, a high pressure fuel line connected to said nozzle, a regulating valve in said line, and a supplemental line branching from said fuel line and connected to said space.

, 12. A burner comprising, in combination, a body having an elongated discharge passage and a peripheral space, said body being formed with a plurality of 'peripherally spaced ports opening from said .space about the outlet end of said passage, a casing on said body in communication with the inlet end of said passage, said casing having an air inlet, a shutter adjustably mounted on said casing for regulating the effective opening of said air inlet, a restricted nozzle in said casing for discharging axially into said passage, a high pressure fuel line connected to said nozzle, a regulating valve in said line, a supplemental line branching from said fuel line between said nozzle and said valve and connected to said space. and pressure reducing means in said branch line, said air inlet when fully open not permitting the admission of sumcient primary air to produce a combining air-fuel ratio in said passage.

GARNET W. MCKEE.