US516060A - mophail - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. .MoPH AIL. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM.

No. 516,060. Patented Mar, 6, 1894.

(N0 Madam 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. .MOPHAIL. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM.

' No. 516,060. Patented Mar. 6, 1894.

3 50 000 CC 20G 00G Nrrnn r'rnrns Farnlvr (lenient HUGH MCPHAIL, OF- W'AKEFIELD, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OF TlVO-THIRDS TO EDWVARD SIMPSON AND CHARLES HENRY SIMPSON, OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM.

sSPECIFIOATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 516,060, dated March 6, 1894.

Application filed June 27,1892. Serial No. 433,173.

(No model.) Patented in England June 11, 1892, No. 11,044; in y June 19,1892,No-70,889: in France June 23,1892, No, 222,550; in Belgium June 23,1892, N0.100,255: inItalyIebruary 1 1, 1893, XXVII, 33,518, and LXV, 4'74; in Spain April 25, 1893,1iio. 14,382, and in Canada June 14,1893,N0.43,221.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HUGH MCPHAIL, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, and a resident of Wakefield, England, have invented a 5 certain new and useful Improved Apparatus for Generating Steam and Evaporating Liq-- uids, (for which I have obtained patents in Great Britain, No. 11,044, dated J une 11,1892; in France, No. 222,550, dated June 23, 1892; in

IQ Belgium, No. 100,255, dated June 23, 1892; in

Germany, No. 7 0,889, dated June 19, 1 892, patent of addition to No. 53,988; in Italy XXVII, 33,518, LXV, 4.74, dated February 14, 1893; in Spain, No. 14,332, dated April 25, 1893, and

I 5 in Canada, No. 43,221, dated June 14, 1893,) of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention. relates to certain improy e- 2o ments in apparatus for generating steam and evaporating liquids, and has for its chief objects the economical production of dry and superheated steam and the equalization of the temperature of the top and bottom of the boil- 2 5 er in which the. steam is generated, thereby efiecting a better circulation. The said improvements also prevent priming.

For the economical production of power, and for other purposes, dry steam is a neceso sity, and various methods have been adopted to insure a supply of steam in that state, but these methods are not economical or are otherwise objectionable. It is also well known that in the various types of boilers used for the 3 5 generation of steam, the water at the bottom is colder than that at the top; such difference in temperature has not onlyadeleterious effect upon the life of such boilers, but the safety of the boilers is also endangered thereby; va-

4o rious methods have been adopted to obviate this serious defect.

According to this invention, the steam generated in the boiler is passed through the antipriming pipe or through one or more pipes or tubes to the outside of the boiler, and is conducted into a suitable superheater placed in the internal flue or fines or in the external fine or times, or in the combustion chamber, or in such other location where they will be subjected to a much higher temperature than that of the steam. The steam is thereby superheated. It is then conducted by means of pipes, tubes or coils through the water space of the boiler where it gives up its surcharged heat. The steam is then conducted through a second superheater and may then be used or utilized, or again passed through the water space of the boiler. In the case of a Lancashire boiler for example I prefer that the steam shall be conducted nearly the whole length of the boiler toward the front end and back again in the water space below the internal flue tubes, which is, hitherto, the region of the lowest temperature of the boiler. The steam imparts its surcharged heat to the wa- 6 5 ter in the boiler at that level and thereby facilitates the evaporation of the same, assisting in the equalization of the temperature of the boiler, and effecting a more efficient circulation than hitherto. The steam is then passed outside the boiler and into a second superheater, placed, for convenience, alongside the first, and again superheated or surcharged; it is then passed within the boiler through pipes as before for nearly the whole 7 5 length of the boiler and back again in the water space above the internal flue tubes, thereby further assisting in, or facilitating, the evaporation of the water and improving the circulation. v

The invention comprises various improvements and advantages which I can more conveniently explain, by means of the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a horizontal central section of a 85 Lancashire boiler without the internal flue tubes. Fig. 2 is a similar section showing the two fine tubes in position. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same, showin g the flue tubes, the pipes within the boiler, 0 and the superheaters hereinafter described. Fig. 4-. is a section on the line no, 03, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the back end of the boiler and superheaters.

Throughout the drawings like letters indi- 5 cats corresponding parts.

The boiler shown is of the ordinary well known type of two fined Lancashire. The

mountings and fittings are not shown as they are all of the ordinary description and are in no way affected by the adoption of my improvements. It will also be observed that the adoption of my improvements in no way interferes with eificient inspection of all the parts of the structure. The boiler is filled with water to the usual level and steam is raised by firing in the ordinary manner.

Instead of the steam passing from the boiler through the anti-priming pipe Z, direct to the stop valve, as hitherto, it is conveyed from the said pipe by means of pipes a and 17 into a superheater c placed at the rear end of the boiler in the external flue where the temperature is much higher than that of the steam within the boiler; the steam is therein surcharged with heat by the heated gases which impinge upon the superheater. The steam then passes out of the superheater a, through pipes at and e, into and along the boiler toward the front end and back below the flue tubes, that is to say, in the coldest part of the boiler and imparts some of the surcharged heat to the water surrounding the pipes d and e along which latter pipe the steam returns at the same level to a second superheater f placed alongside the first named superheater. The steam is here again surcharged by being subjected to the higher temperature of the gases. By means of pipe 9, the steam is then again conveyed into the boiler and toward the front end thereof but this time above the flue tubes still however below the water level, and is returned toward the back end by the pipe 71. It thus again imparts some of the surcharged heat to the water through the pipes g and h, thus facilitating the evaporation of the water. The pipe h is connected to the stop valve. From thence the steam is conveyed to the engine or is otherwise used for whatever purpose it is required. It will be observed that the steam after entering the anti-priming pipe Z is never again in contact with the wa ter from which it has been generated, although as above described it is conducted nearly the length of the boiler four times and is taken outside the boiler twice, and superheated each time.

It is obvious that I may increase or dimin ish the number of times the steam is carried into and out of the generator without departing from my invention. Moreover instead of using pipesforconductingthesteamImayemploy boxes, chambers, or coils. There are several very important advantages as a result of this arrangement, viz:

First. There is no priming. Priming is a cause of great inconvenience and annoyance to the engineer, as it is difficult at all times to ascertain its cause and still more difficult under ordinary arrangements to prevent its occurrence, and it is generally admitted that priming accounts for much loss in .efficiency in practice.

Second. The production of dry steam, that is to say, steam from which all aqueous or watery particles formerly held in suspension have been converted into steam proper.

Third. The steam passing through the stop valve is superheated or so rcharged that is to say, the steam in addition to being dry has its temperature raised above that due to the corresponding pressure of saturated steam.

Fourth. By my improved arrangements I am enabled to materially reduce the difierence between the temperature of the top and bottom of the boiler and thereby not only facilitate the circulation and evaporation of the water but add to the longevity and safety of the boiler.

Fifth. The advantages above enumerated together with the quicker production of steam are effected much more economically by the consumption of less fuel than hitherto.

My improved arrangements can be applied to any boiler, that is to say, it is not necessary to construct a boiler of a new type in order to carry out my invention. Not only to Lancashire two flued, but to Cornish, ma rine, multitubular, locomotive, vertical, water tube and other well known types of boilers this invention can be applied, and not only for the raising of steam but for the evaporation of liquids for other purposes.

What'I claim is- 1. In combination with a steam generator, pipes leading from the steam space of the generator to a superheater placed in the flue of the generator, and other pipes from such superheater passing through the water space of the generator to a second superheater, for the purpose specified, that is to say, whereby the steam from the generator is superheated in the said superheater and then passed through the Water space of such generator in the said other pipes which are in direct contact with the water in the generator throughout the whole or substantially the whole of their course and then conducted to the second superheater, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a steam generator, of pipes leading from the steam space of the generator to a superheater in the flue thereof, a second superheater, pipes leading from the first superheater through the water space of the generator to the second superheater, and pipes leading from the second superheater through the water space of the boiler, whereby the steam from the generator is superheated in the first superheater, then passed through the water space of the generator, then conducted to the second superheater, and then again passed through the water space of the boiler, to be used or utilized, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 13th day of June, 1892.

H. MOPHAIL.

Witnesses:

GEO. HARRISON, EBEN SHEFFIELD.

l'IO

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