US553700A - Marine boiler - Google Patents

Description

6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

B. R. 8a H, L; ZBLL.

MARINE BOILER.

Patented an. 28, 1896.

' (No ModeL) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

R. R. & H. L. ZELLL MARINE BOILER. No. 553,700. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet s. r

R. R. & H. L. ZELL.

MARINE BOILER.

No. 553,700. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

amt-0715;

Attest: T f

%/%/zz mas ya m a 7M (No Model) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

R. R. 85 H. L. ZELL.

MARINE BOILER.

. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

I. lltlllllll' mmaaggaw OOOOG w ag I ll l Illl m6 Modl.) s Sheets-Sheet 5.

' R. R. & H. L. ZELL.

MARINE BOILER.

No. 553,700. Pq tented Jan. 28, 1896.

(N0 Mode l.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6. R. R. & H. L. ZELL.

MARINE BOILER. v No. 553,700. Patented Jan. 28, 1896.

M. PHUTO-LI'IKQWASHINGTON. DC.

IINiTE STATES PATENT met.

ROBERT R. ZELL AND HARRY L. ZELL, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, AS-

SIGNORS TO THE ZELL ENGINEERING COMPANY, LIMITED, OF NEYV ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

MARINE BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters l atent No. 553,700, dated January 28, 1896. Application filed February 24,1893. Renewed July 10, 1895. $erial No. 555,580. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ROBERT R. ZELL and HARRY L. ZELL, citizens of the United States, residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Marine Boilers; and we do' hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The main object of our invention is to pro duce a marine boiler presenting the maximum amount of effective water-tube-heating surface in comparison with the great area of the combustion-chamber, so as to fully utilize the heat of the products of combustion in the rapid generation of an amount of steam ap proximating as closely as possible to that theoretically obtainable from the fuel consumed.

Further objects of our invention are, first, to dispense with the brick setting usually employed for such boilers; second, to economize space by securing a compact arrangement of the boiler as a whole; third, to render the parts readily accessible for cleaning purposes and repairs; fourth, to construct the boiler in sections adapted to be quickly put together or assembled, and individually removable and replaceable at a minimum expense and loss of time; fifth, to secure and maintain an active and eflicient automatic circulation in the water-tubes of the several sections, and, sixth, to avoid priming or the entraining of water into the pipes of the steam-distributing system, by providing for the drying and superheating of the steam in drums or superheaters advantageously located to utilize to the fullest extent the waste heat of the escaping products of combustion on their way to the smoke-fines.

In carrying out our invention we have embodied the same in certain novel constructions and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims forming a part of this specification.

In the accompanying draw ings,Figure 1 represents, partly in section, a side elevation of a marine boiler embodying our improvements.

Fig. 2 represents a front elevation thereof with the cleaning-doors and hand-hole plates removed. Fig. 3 represents a rear elevation, partly in section. Fig. 4 represents a section on the line 4 4 of Fig, 1, the relative position of the separator-drums being indicated in dotted lines. Fig. 5 represents a vertical section and elevation on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 represents a partial section and elevation on the line 6 6 of Fig. 4.

Similar numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, 7 indicates the base-castings for sustaining the main body of the superstructure, auxiliary chairs 8 being provided for the mud-drum 9. The gratebars 10, supported in the manner indicated in Fig. 5, form the bottom of the combustionchamber, said combustion-chamber having the usual suitable firedoors, as 11, and ashdoors, as 12.

The main portion of the rear wall of the boiler is formed of a series of vertical headers l3, separated from each other by intervening vertical spaces, adapted to be closed by doors 14 pivoted to swing upon bearings 15. The corresponding part of the front wall of the boiler is formed of a like series of Vertical headers 13, with similar intervening pivoted doors 14, the arrangement being such that the doors of the front wall are opposite the headers of the rear wall, and the doors of the rear wall are opposite the headers of the front wall, for a purpose hereinafter to be described.

The front-wall headers 13 are connected at top by nipples to the separator 17 and at bottom by nipples with the header 16, which communicates freely with the front bottom headers 18 by means of the tubes 19. The front bottom headers 18 are joined by a nipple, as shown, and communicate With the separator 17 by means of the tubes 20. They are also connected by nipples with the communicating side bottom headers 21, which at their rear ends are connected by nipples with the mud-drum 9, and from which the tubes 22 extend upwardly and open into the separator 23.

The rear-wall headers 13 are connected by 100 nipples with a header 24, which communicates by means of tubes with the mud drum 9. They also are connected by nipples with the separator 23.

The side walls of the boiler are formed of a series of tubes 26 set in staggered position, as shown. These side tubes open at bottom into the side bot-tom headers 21, and at top into the side top headers 27, which extend beneath the ends of the separators 17 23 and are connected therewith by nipples.

The separators 17 23 are connected by the upper cross-headers 25, ranged closely side by side, so as to form a top or roof for the combustionchamber, except at the sides thereof, where longitudinal spaces are left above the top side headers 27 for the passage of th e products of combustion into the smokestack, as indicated more fully in Figs. 1 and 6.

Innnediately below the headers 25, but separated therefrom, are the diaphragm-plates 28 located on opposite sides of a central space, as shown, so that the products of combustion may be directed through said central space and then out through the longitudinal side openings just referred to, so as to utilize the heat to the best advantage.

The separator 23 receives the feed-water througha suitable feed-pipe 29, and the separator 17 is provided with a three-cock watergage 30, having the customary valves. The separators are connected by steam-drum superheater 31., extending through and across the smoke-stack 32 in the pathway of the escaping products of combustion, so as to utilize the waste heat of the same in drying or superheating the steam, and thereby preventing priming. From the steam-drum or superheater a suitable nozzle, as 33, permits the carrying oif of the steam to the point of use. The usual hand-hole or manhole plates permit access to the interior of the drum and separators when desired.

The front and rear headers 13 13 and the upper headers 25 are each provided with a series of handholes, covered by hand-hole plates, set obliquely, as shown. Two series of water-tubes 31, whose members alternate with each other, extend from each of the headers 13 13 to a corresponding header of the series of top headers 25, and after being inserted are expanded at their ends by a suitable tool admitted through the hand-hole openings, so as to securelyconnect the tubes to the headers. This connecting up of the water-tubes with the headers is preferably done at the boiler-shop, and is a matter of great convenience in the subsequent assembling of the parts, at the time of setting up the boiler at the place of use, inasmuch as the boiler is thus furnished to the purchaser in sections, already made up and carefully tested, and requiring but a few nipple connections to be readily and effectively united to the separators. A further advantage is that extra sections may be provided, to be substituted for such sections as may from nozzles with the time to time need repair, and with but trifling inconvenience. We therefore contemplate furnishing these removable and insertible sections made up as a separate article of manufacture and sale.

It will be noted that the water-tubes 31 are of circular contour, so that while projecting well into the combustion-chamber and presenting a correspondingly large surface of exposure to the flame they may likewise be readily inserted or removed through the handholes, either through the standing header or the top cross-header or through the intervening doors, as may be most convenient. Their shape, moreover, minimizes the end-thrust exerted by the expanding heated tubes, and the alternating arrangement of the two series from each header aifords a greateropportunity for the products of combustion to gain complete access to both series, and leaves a greater amount of metal around the expanded end of each tube, thereby making a stronger and more durable and reliable joint, and increasing the number of tubes that can be successfully employed for a given width of header.

Inasmuch as the boiler as constructed is self-supporting, all necessity of employing a brick structure to sustain the same is avoided. In practice we merely employ a suitable nonconducting casing 35 to prevent radiation and loss of heat, said casing consisting of an inner and" an outer sheathing of plate metal with an intervening filling of asbestos or other non-conducting material, as indicated.

The parts being constructed and arranged described, the operation will be readily apparent. The feed-water is supplied throu gh the pipe 29 and enters the entire system of in tel-communicating headers and tubes, rising to the level of the central cock or valve of the water-gage 30, which is the normal level to be preserved during the operation of the boiler. The mud or sediment from the feed-water is received in the mud drum 9, from which it can be removed by the usual blow-off devices, or otherwise. The products of combustion from the grate-fire rise through the central space between the plates 28, coming in contact with the side tubes 26 and bent tubes 34, and pass out beneath the headers 25, through the longitudinal side spaces above the headers 27, into and through the smokestaek 32, and about {the superheatingdrum 31. A rapid circulation, in the direction indicated by the arrows, is brought about and maintained throughout the bent water-tubcs 3i and the water-separators 17 23, and, at the same time, the steam generated in the tubes 26 rises with the hot water into the said separators. The steam from both sources is separated in the drums 17 and passes upward into the steam superheater and driers 31, where it is effectually dried before passing out to the distributing or engine-supply pipes.

The pivoted doors ll 1t, opposite the IIO curved water-tube pipes 34, afford means of convenient access for cleaning the exterior surfaces of said tubes from soot and for repairing the tubes, as occasion may require.

The inclined position of the bent watertubes greatly facilitates the circulation of the water, and the disengagement of the steam is especially favored by the large area of the separators, as the heated water passes through them, while the staggered vertical side tubes 26, in addition to their function of inclosing the combustion-chamber, furnish a large additional area for steam generation, greatly adding to the efficiency and capacity of the boiler. The products of combustion, moreover, striking the central portion of the headers 25, and moving outward laterally beneath and along the under side of said headers, and again over the upper side thereof, exercise their full effect at the point where the sepa ration of the steam and water is initiated, and to the great advantage of the operation. The boiler is, therefore, not only one wherein the structure and arrangement insure great economy in space, with facility of access for cleaning and repair from the front, rear, and top, but also one in which these and the other structural advantages hereinbefore pointed out are further combined with high generatin g capacity in comparison to the area of gratesurface employed, and one which efiects a practically complete utilization of the fuel consumed in the rapid production of steam.

The four large corner-tubes 20 22, connecting the bottoms of the separators with the bottom headers and mud-drum, are, it will be noted, isolated in large measure from the direct action of the heat, and permit of a downward circulation through them to the bottom of the boiler without interference from upward currents.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is-- 1. A steam boiler, comprising side walls made up of series of water-tubes having top and bottom headers, front and rear walls made up of standing headers with intermediate doors, the doors of the one wall being opposite the headers of the other wall, amud-drum communicating with the bottoms of the headers of the rear wall, water-separators communicating with the standing headers at their upper ends and with the top headers of the side wall tubes, cross headers connecting the water-separators, curved tubes connecting the cross headers and standing headers, and a steam drum communicating with the water separators and located in the path of the outgoing products of combustion; substantially as described.

2. A steam boiler, comprising side walls made up of series of water-tubes having top and bottom headers, front and rear walls made up of standing headers with intermediate doors, the doors of the one wall being opposite the headers of the other wall, a mud-drum communicating with the bottoms of the headers of the rear wall, Water separators conimunicatin g with the standing headers at their upper ends and with the top headers of the side wall tubes, cross headers connecting the separators, and curved tubes connecting the cross headers and standing headers; substantially as described.

3. A steam boiler, comprising side walls made up of series of water tubes having top and bottom headers, front and rear walls made up'of standing headers with interme diate doors, the doors of the one wall being opposite the headers of the other wall, a mud drum communicating with the bottom of the headers of the rear wall, water separators communicating with the standing headers at their upper ends and with the top headers of the side walls, cross headers connecting the separators, curved tubes connecting the cross headers and standing headers, and a diaphragm having an opening for the passage of the products of combustion and located below the cross headers; substantially as described.

4. A steam boiler, having the walls of its combustion chamber formed in part of water tubes set close together, and in part of headers with intermediate doors, the doors of the one wall being opposite the headers of the opposite wall; substantially as described.

5. A steam boiler, having Water separators at opposite ends of the upper part of the combustion chamber, standing headers at the front and rear ends of said chamberconnecting With the separators, cross-headers forming communication between the separators,

and diagonal water-tubes connecting the standing headers at the front end with one set of cross-headers, and the standing headers at the opposite end With different cross-headers, substantially as described.

6. In a steam boiler, the combination of a separator, a vertical header communicating therewith, a horizontal cross-header communicating therewith at right-angles with the vertical header, and a series of tubes connecting the two headers, said tubes being curved on the arc of the circle and the headers having hand holes opposite the ends of the tubes in the line of the circles; substantially as described.

7. In a steam boiler, the combination of oppositely disposed vertical headers forming part of the walls of the combustion chamber, horizontal cross headers forming the top of said chamber, and diagonal water tubes establishing communication between the vertical and horizontal headers, the number of tubes in the vertical headers being sufficient to occupy practically the entire length of the cross headers; substantially as described.

8. In a steam boiler, the combination of a separator in the upper part of the combustion chamber, vertical headers communicating therewith, said headers being separated from each other by an intervening space, horizontal cross-headers also communicating withthe separator, said cross-headers lying close together c nd forming the top of the combustion chamber, and diagonal tubes connecting the Vertical headers with alternate cross-headers, substantially as described.

9. In a steam boiler, the combination of a steam and Water separator in the upper part of the combustion chamber, a side header at the bottom of the boiler, vertical ascending Water-tubes forming the sides of the boiler and connecting the separator with the side header, and separate insulated descending Water tubes at the corners of the boiler forming an independent communication between

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