US5049A - Improvement in machinery for making type - Google Patents

Description

UNITED i STATES PATENT ()i/TEICE.v

f JEAN o. PETYT, on PARIS, EEAivoi-i.

lMPROVVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING TYPE.

Specification forming part of'Letters Patent No. 5,049, dated April, 1847.

An explanation ofthe annexed plates for the purpose of obtaining the Patent Right of a Machine for Making Type in relief and in creux, cold-wrought, and of any metal. Since the highly-valuable andmemorable invention of Gutteuberg, which gave birth to the art ofprinting, the many processes which time and experience have suggested for the improvement of the art have hitherto butvery imperfectly removed the difficulty which the operation of casting presents in obtaining distinctness and durability in the use of type-a difficulty resulting from the necessity of selecting highlyfusible metals. lVIechanism, the fruitful power which in this century has imparted so active an impulse to every branch of industry, has never until in the present instance been successfully applied tothe manufacturing of cold-wrought printing-type. In the United Statesiu some countries ofEurope, recently in France, vain attempts have been made to solve this problem, the effects ofY stamping and the distinctness of the impression of the relief on thin plates were 'well known,and it was hoped that the sameresult might by the same means be obtained ou Inetallic rods. Hammers and levers have been resorted to alternately; but the result Awas always either a want of distinctn'ess in the relief or a defect of parallelism in the body. The isolated pressure caused an injurious disturbance in the molecules of-lhe metal, irregularity was the consequence, and the type became useless. Attempts have likewise been made with a system of 'machinery called the Parisian nail-machine,77 but this being calculated to act upon round wire which requires no minute precision, the first alteration requisite was to suppress Vits curvilinear pressure; but it may readily be understood that this particular pressure being applied to a square rod requiringa mathematical pressure at right augle'sin all directions, there couldl` be no parallelism obained, *nor other results necessary for the Iperfection of the type, the naturevof type being such as to render the task of thefprinter impossible should there exist the leafVl imperfection in any part. In fact, ofwha'tuse to theart of printing could a new mode offnianufacturing type prove if the most vessential conditions-distinctness and parallelism of body-'were notfulilled- In this the difficulty/consisted: to remove it is the object of the present new and simple machine, of

which I solicit-the Patent Right-a machine which fulfills all the necessary requisites of celerity, distinctness, and economy, and turns out a type in every respect superior to those cast.

A represents wooden supports of thedrums B, Plates 1 and 2. A

B represents wooden drums, on which are wrapped the metallic rods C, to prevent them from mixing and twisting, thatin passing linto the rod dresser D they may be perfectly straight.

C represents metallic rods, of any metal, placed,according to the thickness and width necessary for the body of letter, desired, Plates 1 and 2.

D isa rod straightener or dresser compose of tive pulleys of iron, I, 'three of which are Plates land 2. This roddresser is used to straighten the rod as it comes from the drum B,in order to remove all the cnrvatures which it may have contracted.

, E is a small cast-ing intended to support the tive iron pulleys I, Plates l and 2.

F is a steel screw to secure the iron pulleys I of the rod-dresserD to the casting or bed E to the box G.

G is a steel box or bearing sliding in the casting E,for the purpose of raising or lowering the pulleys I according to the size of the rod, Plate 2. Y'

H is a. steel regulating-screw to raise `or lower the bearings upon which rest thepulleys I, Plates 1 and 2.

I represents five iron pulleys, three of which arey below and two above. They are intended to straighten or dress the rod as it comes from the pulley or drum` B, Plates l and 2.'

J is the rod-drawer,of casting, intended to draw the rod C as it comes from the'pulleys I toward the guides A K and A L. This piece is placed as follows: All that part marked K is a casting, on the top of which is a piece, L, moving on a pivot the fulcrum of which is a pin fixed to its axis. The back part of this piece is raised by a spring, M, which causes the front part armed with a chisel to press against the rod C, so that as the rod-drawer advances the rod is carried with it to its destination in the guides A K and A L,which lat-l ter closing upon it prevent it from going back. Consequently as the rod-drawer recedes the chisel N slides on the metallic rod C until again coming forward it brings the rod once more to its destination, &c., Plates 1 and 2.

J is an iron tube having interiorly the shape and dimension of the rod. This tube is screwed to the casting of the rod-drawer, and is intended to hold the rod in the space between the casting K and the guides A K and A L. This tube is changed in the same case as the guide should be, Plates 1 and 2.

'K is a block or bed of casting supporting the pieces of the rod-drawer, Plates 1 and 2. Lis an iron lever moving on a pivot in# tended to press the chisel N upon the rod,

Plates 1 and 2.

'M is a spring which raises the back part of the lever L, Plates 1 and 2.

N is a small chisel intended to press upon the rod C, Plates 1 and 2.

O'is a pressing-screw intended to secure the chisel N to the lever L, Plates 1 and 2.

P isa pressing-screw to press at will upon thel chisel in order to decrease or increase its bearing upon the rod, Plates'l and 2.

' is attached a gearing-pinion, which in describing part of a quarter of a circle by means of the connecting-rod V advances or withdraws the rod-drawer J by means of an upright gearing below the rod-drawer, Plates 1 and 2.

Y'is a connecting-rod attached at one end tothe crank B S, and at the 'other to vthe arm X by means of an iron piece, Y, to which it is screwed in such a manner as to be capable of being lengthened and shortened, Plates 1 and2.

X is an iron piece or arm forming a crank, attached at one end to the iron piece Y andat the other to the shaft U, on which it moves without communicating to the` shaft any motion, Plates 1 and 2.

Y is an iron piece screwed to the end ofthe connecting-rod V, as described in article Y, and communicating a to-and-fro motion to the arm X, Plates 1 and 2. l

Z is an iron segmentattached to the end of the shaft U, Plates 1 and 2. When f the connectingrod Vis set in motion by the crank B S, it communicates a to-and-fro motion to the arm X. As this arm advances it rests upon abearing of the segment, Plate 2, and'thus causes theshaft U to make a partial turn forward, and as the arrn recedes by bearing in like manner upon the screw A A it gives the shaft U a like back ward turn, Plates 1 and 2.

A A represent a screw serving to regulate v the course of the arm X and to determine the portion of the revolution that the shaft U must perform,and thus determining the course ofthe rod-drawer, the effect of which is this: The more the rod-drawer recedes the greater the length of rod with which it will return, and vice versa, Plates 1 and 2. 1

A B represent a regulating-screw, intended to raise and lower the boxes of the shaft U, which are placed -below the casting A C,

' Plates V1 and 2.

A C represent a casting serving.as the scat or bed ofthe machine, Plates 1, 2, and 3, Fig. 1.

A D represent a pressinglever, la double cutter, Plates 1 and 2. This large lever, one extremity'of which starts directly from the shaft B I, from which it receives its movement, and the other end of which, of an oval form, 'is traversed by an arm, is intended to give an ascending and descending motion to two bands, A F, to which it is attached by the screws AE. y

A E represent a screw fastened into the 'extremity of the arm of'the lever A D, Plates 1, 2, and 3, Fig. 1. This screw is intended, on the one hand, to fasten the.bands A F to the lever A D, and on the other'to give more or less pressure upon the sliding box A G. 4The passage of this screw into the bands A F prescnts an oval aperture sufficient for the motion, although somewhat curvilinear, that the lever imparts to the screw to permit the sliding box A G to ascend perpendicularly.

A F represent a steel band intended to raise the sliding box A G, to which it is attached by a pin passing through the eyes ofthe band and of the sliding box, Plates 1 and 3, Figs. 1 and 7.

A G represent an iron sliding box, Plates 1 and 3, Figs. 1 and 7. This box is inclosed between two parallel bronze pieces, A R, which act as guides and oblige itto descend perpendicularly when pressed by the screw A E. At the same time that it presses strongly upon the upper guide, A L, this box serves to bring the punch or die adapted to the slide A H to bear upon the metallic rod. The groove which exists in the middle of the piece serves to introduce a peg or punch to drive the slide A H,' placed at the end of the sliding box A G. This slide can be changed. at will each time that it is desired to change the punches A J.

`The round hole at the side is' to receive the end of the peg A Nand of the screw that holds the upper guide.

A H represent a slide upon which are riveted two punches, A J, Plate 3, Figs. 1 and 7.

A I represent a steel fiat-headed screw even with the sliding box, intended to prevent the slide A H fromeseapingfrom-its groove,Plate 3, Figs. 1 and 7.

A J represent two steel punches riveted to the slide-A H, the first having an oblong form with a scoop iny the center, Plate 3, Fig. 7. From its position it has the following effect: The straight side of the punch cuts the rod perfectly even and square, the length required for the body of the type, while the side with a scoop directs the metal by the other end, upon which the letter is to be stamped,to enter into the matrix B G, and thus facilitates the stamping. This form ofscooped punch is only used for those letters which occupy the center of the rod--such as mao, &c.for those which cover the whole space, as b ij, &c., the square punch without scoop or stops is employed, (see Plate 3, Figs. 2 and 4,) which represent the lower guide, A K, with its aperture, through which passes the punch. withoutslope. The second punch,having the shape of a large round point,acts with halt' of its circumference upon the edgek of the rod and makes a little groove in the body of the type, which printers designate by the name of nick,77 Plate'3, Fig. 7. These two punches, after having passed through the metallic rodand been driven into the lower guide, A K, forming, as it were, a cutting-plate, remain there only so long asis necessary for the stroke to be effected, and thus contributing to prevent the recoil of the rod at the time of the stroke. V,

A K represent a lower guide or protector of steel, Plate 3, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8. The lower guide or protector `hasl theform of a truncated cone, Fig. 2. It is adjusted tothe guide carrier. 1n the middle ofthis piece there is a groove, of mathematical precision, cut exactly the size of the type, according to the body of the letter it is intended to make. Thus we say, for example, that the body vof the point 8 requires a groove mathematically c'ntormablc toit, and that for the determined length from the point A to the bearing or shoulder B', Figs. 2, 4, and- 6, against whichk the upper guide or protector rests. tion of the groove extended beyond`the point B' is of greater width to facilitate the passage of the metallic rod. The shoulder B' is intended as a bearing for the upper guide against the force of the stroke. The two holes-one round and the other square-traversing this guide are intended for the purposes explained 1n article A J.

A L represent an upper guide or support,

also of steel, having two notches intended toY That porf yguide-carrier.

secure the rod from the line of incision to the bearing or shoulder B', and thus prevent it from recoiling at the moment that the roddrawer recedes'to bring back a new length of rod for the body of a new type.

strong pressure communicated to it bythe lebearing strongly upon the lower presses laterally the metallic rod by its widest sides andy holds it so firmly as to prevent it from spread- .ing out when the teeth A O come to imprint themselves into this rod. This guide orprotector, by its squarelform, corresponds exactly with the groove in thelower one, and both united form an oblong perfectly conformable to the body of thetype. It is at this moment `that the sliding box A G, armed with its two punches, Plate 3, Fig. 1, descends. At the same time that the two punches cut themetallic rod the sliding box compresses the upper protector or guide, which in its turn compresses the rod by its narrowest edge without any alteration being made in the lateral pressure of the guides. pieces are thus arranged the strokeis given,

immediately the slidingvbox ,ascends with its .f

punches, the piece A L, following this motion of retreat, ceases its lateral pressure, liberates the body of the letter from its protectors, and

that piece of the rod kept between the lline of incision and the epaulment B', receiving in its turn 'an impulse from the rod-drawer, pushes beforeit the letter produced and takes its place, tobegin again anew operation.

Thus, as hasv been said above, each body of the type requires analogous protectors. or guides. y

A M representa supporting-screwintended to sustain the back part of the upper protector,

AL, and to preserve it always horizontal with the metallic rod, and as this rod is changed according to the thickness of the type it is intended to produce the intention of this screw is likewise to raise or lower the piece A L in a corresponding manner, Plate 3, Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6.

A N represent a square steel rod, Plate 3, Figs.- 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. This is fixed into the Its use is to prevent the upper guide or protector from being deranged by the course of the metallic rod, or from any other cause, leaving it at the samev time sufficient liberty when the pressure ceases. The end of this steel rod emerging from the upperguide, A

L,'is rounded and threaded, Fig. 3, to receive a screw, which servesin its turn to prevent the guide from rising too high. intended to allow the passage of the rod that advances above the bodyof the type that has been struck, there should consequently be no more space than is sufcient to allow a free passage to the body of the type.

A represent prongs of the lower guide, Plate 3,v Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 8, of the upper, Fig. 5, are 'two^little, as it were, teeth of -steel fixed at the extremity of each guident the point of encounter. /They are so fixed as bythe press- The action f of this guide or protector is regulated bya At the moment that the Asv the raising is ure of the guides to enter entirely into the body of the metallic rods at the extremity, where the stroke will be given that is to produce the eye of the letter. These teeth are indispensably necessary,because by clutching the metallic rod the metalv acquires agreater density at the extremity where the stroke is to be applied. The metal, being no longer able to spread, (by reason of the pressure of the guides or protectors,) is prevented from being battered up by the stroke; and this produces a distinctness and neatness in the relief and delity in the graving of the matrix. It is well, also, to observe that the projection of these teeth should correspond to the thickness of the body upon which they are to act. Thus for ani or an Z, for example, they should be less projecting than for those letters which are of greater thick ness. This has caused us to adopt three sets of guides or protectors, divided thus: One set with very projecting teeth for the thick letters-such as m w, Steanother set with middle sized teeth for such as a o u, Ste., and another with very small ones for such letters as ij, &c. These teeth should also be perfectly smooth, so as not to retain the body of the type after the stroke.

A P represent a steel guide-holder or carrier, Plate 3, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. This piece has the form ot' a square die, with a cylindrical end or stalk below and at the center. This cylinder isadjusted intoacylindrical hole of the casting-bed, Fig. 3, and serves to raise andl lower without vacillationthe guides, by means of the screw A U, in order' to place the metallic rod well in connection with the-matrix. As to the square part of the guide-holder,

Figs. l and 3, it is likewise adjusted into the casting,and its use is to prevent the piece from moving right or left under the strokes of the matrix. It is on the face opposite to the cylindrical end that the lower guide and the square rod A N are placed. This guide-holder has a hole corresponding with the conduit A Q of the castingand the holes of the guide, so`

as to permit the escape of the wasting or scraps produced by the cutting of the metallic rods by the punches, Plate 3, Fig. 3.

A Q represent holes in the casting-block of the machine, intended, as above mentioned, as a vent for the escape of the scraps, Plate 3, Fig. 1.

A B represent two parallel bronze pieces intended to conne the sliding box and oblige it to descend perpendicularly. They are attached to the casting by the screw A S, and

joined together by the screw A T, Plates 1, 2,' and 3, Fig. 1.

A S represent a screw attaching the bronze pieces to the casting after the regulation of the sliding box, Plates 1 2, and 3, Fig; 1.

A T represent a screw intended to draw the bronze pieces together and remedy their wearing, Plates 1 and 2.

A U represent a screw to press, screwed into the casting-block and intended to regulate the guides, Plate 3, Fig. 1.

v A V represent a screw4 intended to secure v the arms of the lever A D, Plates 1 and 2.

A X representa large ironpin acting as a hinge or axis for the large lever A D, Plates 1, 2, and 3, Fig. 1.

A Y represent two screws securing the pin A X, Plates 1, 2, and 3, Fig. 1.

A Z represent two large slde-pressing levers, i

Plates 1, 2, and 3, Figs. 1 and 6. These levers give a side pressure to the guides A L. Their pressing movement is regulated, on the one hand, by the notched B Q, on the other by the Springs B R.

B A represent a screw xed into the ballot' each lever A Z, to increase or diminish their pressure upon the upper guides, Plates 1, 2, and 3, Figs. 1 and 6.

BB represent pinswith screw-thread fixed into the casting A C, and acting as hinges or axes to the lever A Z, ` Plates 1 and 2.

B C represent screws to secure the pins B B, Plates 1 and 2.

B D represent guides of the hammers, acting as their sliders, having screws attaching them to the casting A C, Plates 1 and 2.

B E represent a screw to regulate the guides ofthe hammers, Plates 1 and 2.

B F represents steel hammers or rammers with bronze sliders, Plate 1. To these are attached matrices or punches of steel intended to stamp the letters. vThe direction of these hammers or rammers can be changed at pleasure, either to the right or left, by means ofthe movable sliders BD, between which they move and which are themselves regulated by the pressing-screws B E.

B Gr represent steel matrices with graving in creux to make letters in relief, or steel puncheons graved in relief to make letters or type in creux, Plates 1 and 3, Fig. 9. They may be changed at pleasure. The body of each one' is round, whether matrix or punch, in order that they may be fitted hermetically into the cavity of the hammers. They are secured into the hammers by means of little screws, B H, with conic extremities, which, passing through the body ofthe hammers, enter into little cavities,

likewise conic, drilled into the body of each matrix or puncheon, in order to keep them in the same position, Plate 3, Fig. 9. As the guide-holders are susceptible ot' a movement up or down, and the hammers, by means of their sliders, may be moved to the right or the left, it is easy to adj ust the matrices or puncheens in a xed direction, so as to strike the letter in the manner required.

B H represent a pressing-screw with conicshaped end, traversing the body of vthe hammer, Plate 1. 1

B I represent a large motor-shaft provided with cams, liat wheels, `and. cam levers or spurs. i

B .l represent a steel cam of the lever A D, fixed to the shaft B I, and intended to raise and lower this lever, Plates 1 and 2.

B K represent a steel'spur attached to the shaft BI, which in turning rests against a' bearing of the pieceB L, attached to the lever A'D by the pin B M, and thus lowers the lever while its prongis inthe notch of theV cam B J, Plate 1.

B L represent asteel piece serving to lower' the lever A D, Plates 1 and 2.

B M represent a pin of the piece B L, serving at the same time as a pin for the interior spur of the lever A D, Plates 1 and 2.

B N represent a cam of the hammers attached to the shaft B I, intended to raise the hammers by means of the cam levers or spurs B O, Plates 1, 2,fand 4, Fig. v4'.

B O represent spurs attached to the ham-l mers, serving to raise them, Plates 1, 2, and 4, Fig. 4.

B P represent capsof the boxes in which the shaft turns, Plates 1 and 2.

B Q represent a ilat wheel with notches intended to move the levers AZ, Plates 1, 2, and 4, Figs. 1 and 2. The fiat wheel .in Plate 2 is represented as open, though in fact itis solid, in order that the arrangement of the parts behind it may be seen.

B B represent steel springs bearing upon the levers A Z, and causing them to open at the moment that the rollers thereon are about to fall into the notches of the iiat wheel.

B S represent a crank of the connecting-rod V, Plates 1 and 2.

B T represent an indented wheel, Plate 1. v

B U represent pawl-levers of the wheel B I, Plate 1.

B V represent a flywheel of the shaft, Plates 1 and 2. f

B X represent loose pulleys, Plates 1 and 2.

B Y represent fixed pulleys, Plate 1.

B Z represent a seat or frame of the machine, Plates 1 and 2.

C A represent six iron rods, threerfor each hammer or rammer. Of these three one is attached to the rammer and the two others to the casting C A, that slides in the arms of the rammer. These lrods are furnished with springs that impel the rammer as soon as the cams B M allow the spurs of the rammers `or hammers to escape, Plates 1 and 2.

C B represent springs of the rammers, Plates 1 and 2.

C C represent plates with three holes, through which pass the iron rods. They serve to hold the springs, and by means of screws at the end of four of these rods they serve also to give the springs more or less tension. The scale of Plates 1 and 2 represents a meter. The figures of Plates 3 and 4 are of the natural or real size.

It is evidentfrom the above description that this machine is provided with a duplicate arrangement-that is,with two rammers or hammers, two levers for lateral pressure, two sliding boxes, two sets of guides or protectors, Ste-and that itacts in the following manner: By the operation of its pieces the shaft BI raises the arms of the lever A D. The lever A Z ceases to press and the guides open at the same time that the rammer in raising presses the springs."` The` connecting rod then yadvances the rod-drawer,which conducts ,themel tallicvrods between the guides or'protectors. Immediately the lever A Z effects its lateral pressure, 'the large leverA Dloweri'ng causes a perpendicular pressure upon the guides. At the same time the punches cut the'rods, the

rod-drawer recedes to seize again the meta],- and the rammer escaping gives the stroke.

' destroy all traces of this roughness, and as to,

the completion of the type the operations are throughout the same as for those that are cast.

It is well to observe that the projection beyoud the guides should be in proportion to the sizeof the letter intended to be produced, in order that there should be sufficient metal, and neither more nor less, for the formation of the eyeof theletter. The rod-drawer'should also be regulated accordingly. This practice will teach.

I now describe the manner of producing by my apparatus a relief upon a metallic rod with the aid of a steel matrix adapted to a rammer. If in place of a matrix I adapt to the rammer a steel puncheon with its letter grayed in relief, the same operation of striking being apV plied to a metallic rod of a size conformable to that required for the letter will produce a matrix rod or body similar to type, but with the impression in creux. To obtain this type in creux suitably executed it will be sufficient to make the following modifications: First, substitute for the matrix in creux a puncheon graved in relief; second, employ guides with smaller teeth or prongs. It is necessary, also, carefully to regulate the rod-drawer, in order that the extremity of the rod should come even with the guides, and to use punches without slope. By means of `these few modifications in place of type in relief type in creux of equal precision are obtained. I naturally ask, as it is a new idea and for the first time Vrendered practicable,4 they right to apply these creux type, as being anadvantageous substitute for the mode at present employed in the process f Onlyin this latter case of making stereotype. it would be necessary that the type in creux should be of a denser metal-of copper, for example.

of the same hammer with puncheon in relief,

observing at-the same time the modification pointed out in the body of this description.

Although for the clearness of the descrip- ,tion I have always spoken of a single letter or Thus this machine enables meto produce either type in relief by means offhammers with matrices, or type in creux by means type, of course the matrices or puncheons may punches and letter-dies arranged and operatinclude several leters, gures, and even iowing substantially as described. ers, vignettes, an in awor every ornament used in typography. y J' C PETYT' What I claim as my invention, and desire to Witnesses: y secure by Letters Patent, is- JOHN BARTLY,

The combination of the lateral dies with the A. LEFEVRE.

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