US5040866A - Device for coupling light into an optical waveguide - Google Patents

Device for coupling light into an optical waveguide Download PDF

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Publication number
US5040866A
US5040866A US06/755,276 US75527685A US5040866A US 5040866 A US5040866 A US 5040866A US 75527685 A US75527685 A US 75527685A US 5040866 A US5040866 A US 5040866A
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Prior art keywords
optical waveguide
light
waveguide
coupling
region
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/755,276
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English (en)
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Reinhard Engel
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT,, A CORP OF GERMANY reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT,, A CORP OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ENGEL, REINHARD
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
    • G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
    • G01M11/35—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides in which light is transversely coupled into or out of the fibre or waveguide, e.g. using integrating spheres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2852—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3801—Permanent connections, i.e. wherein fibres are kept aligned by mechanical means
    • G02B6/3803—Adjustment or alignment devices for alignment prior to splicing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4286—Optical modules with optical power monitoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4287—Optical modules with tapping or launching means through the surface of the waveguide
    • G02B6/4289—Optical modules with tapping or launching means through the surface of the waveguide by inducing bending, microbending or macrobending, to the light guide

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to an apparatus for coupling light into an optical waveguide before a splicing location for the purpose of assessing splicing attenuation at a splicing location between the optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide, the apparatus includes means for guiding the first waveguide to be spliced in a specific curved fashion to form a coupling region so that light is coupled into the waveguide without removing a coating therefrom.
  • German OS No. 3,215,669 a coupling device is known in which before the splicing location, the optical waveguide is subjected to a definite curvature. Simultaneously, the light is supplied through a lens to a block, which consists of a polysiloxane or other material which can be deformed in a springy fashion to enable coupling the light into the waveguide.
  • the object of the present invention consists in conducting light in a definite fashion and in a fashion, which is reproducible at any time, for input coupling of the light in a coupling region and through as precise as possible alignment of the light rays to be input-coupled to guarantee, with a low outlay, a secure-striking light input feeding operation with a high coupling efficiency.
  • the present invention is directed to an improvement in a device for coupling light into a first optical waveguide before a splicing location between the first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide for aiding in determining the attenuation of light at the splicing location, said device including a light source and means for guiding the first waveguide in a curved path to form a coupling region so that light can be coupled therein without requiring the removal of the coating of the waveguide.
  • the improvement includes an additional optical waveguide for receiving light from the source and extending to the coupling region and means for aligning a core region of the additional waveguide with the core of the first optical waveguide.
  • the present invention supplies the light in a strictly bundled fashion by means of an additional optical waveguide, which through its alignment to the core region of the first optical waveguide guarantees that the light passes through the coating of the first optical waveguide to a sufficient extent and reaches the core of the first optical waveguide with losses which are as low as possible.
  • the light power coupled over at the splicing location is so small that the photocurrent brought about in the receiving diode is covered or strongly disturbed by diode-inherent noise currents.
  • An insufficient signal-to-noise ratio leads to an insufficient resolvability of the signal and prevents the exact precise location of the optical position of the fiber ends to be connected and the exact positioning is less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • the device of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in the case of monomode fibers whose very small core diameter in the case of slightly directed input coupling receives too low a light radiation. It must be taken into consideration here that for the optical quality of the splice, the precise as possible alignment of the core region and not the cladding region is decisive.
  • the component of stray light is kept particularly low so that economical luminescent diodes can replace expensive but light-intensive laser diodes as the transmitting element or light source.
  • the core region of the additional optical waveguide exhibits a larger diameter than the core region of the first optical waveguide to be spliced. This applies, in particular, to the input coupling into monomode fibers to be spliced whose core diameters are very small so that possible tolerance values, for example, eccentricity, would otherwise lead to greatly differing input-coupling attenuations.
  • the core diameter of the additional optical waveguide should also not be selected to be too large because otherwise correspondingly more stray light results and thus the input coupling would exhibit a lesser efficiency.
  • the core region of the optical waveguide serving the purpose of input-coupling prefferably be approximately 50 to 100% greater than the tolerance range which results from the sum of the coating diameter fluctuations which are 250 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m; the core eccentricities, which is less than 5 ⁇ m; and the position uncertainty in the arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the basic construction of an apparatus according to the present invention which has a device for coupling light into a first optical fiber to be spliced to a second optical fiber and to couple light out of the second optical fiber;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged presentation of the device for coupling light into the optical waveguides
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged detail of the output coupling device
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view with portions in elevation for purposes of illustration of the input-coupling device of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial transverse cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 4.
  • a first optical waveguide LW1 and a second optical waveguide LW2 are to be spliced together.
  • Each of these waveguides is provided on the exterior with a coating which serves the purpose of mechanical protection of the optical waveguide fiber and it is assumed that this coating is transmissive to light of a wavelength of 850 nm.
  • a splicing location SP at which the two ends of the waveguides LW1 and LW2 are spliced together in a known manner such as by cementing or welding is illustrated.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is provided and include a device generally indicated at 10 in FIG.
  • the quality of the core alignment in the region of the splicing location SP can be determined. It should be noted that when stating before or ahead of the splicing location it is referring to the direction of light traveling in the first waveguide LW1 to the splicing location and traveling into the second waveguide LW2 as indicated by the arrows and which is indicated in FIG. 1 as being from left to right.
  • a light source LS is provided to produce light rays LT1 which are schematically illustrated as an arrow and are directed into an additional light waveguide LWK.
  • the light source LS is a luminescent diode.
  • the additional light waveguide LWK is also cladded and exhibits expediently a large core diameter preferably between 50 and 100% larger than a tolerance range which results from the sum of the coating diameter fluctuations (250 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m); core eccentricities ( ⁇ 5 ⁇ m); and position unreliability of the core and fiber of the light waveguide LW1.
  • a coupling region KB1 there is available in a coupling region KB1 a light ray which is strongly bundled by the core of the optical waveguide LWK and which light ray is aligned at a specific angle to the optical waveguide LW1 or its core which waveguide LW1 is to be spliced.
  • the optical waveguide LW1 is guided in a coupling region KB1 around a cylindrical pin or member BO1. Details regarding the angle to be observed will be explained hereinafter and particularly with regard to FIG. 2.
  • the input-coupled light passes through the splicing location SP where an adjustment mechanism (not illustrated) is provided. With the aid of the adjustment mechanism, a precisely aligned alignment of the cores of the two optical waveguides LW1 and LW2 is carried out for the purpose of optimizing the splicing location.
  • an additional optical coupling region KB2 is provided for the optical waveguide LW2.
  • This additional coupling region includes a pin or member BO2 which causes the waveguide LW2 to have a desired curvature from which the greatest possible portion of light contained in the waveguide LW2 will emerge.
  • a photodiode PD this emerging light is captured and supplied in the form of an electrical signal by a receiving device RC to a measuring apparatus MG.
  • the input-coupling of light via the optical waveguide LWK proceeds expediently under very specific angular relation which shall be explained with regard to FIG. 2.
  • a pin or cylinder BO1 is illustrated via which the optical waveguide LW1 is guided in a partial region on a circular arc segment.
  • the angular region at which the optical waveguide LW1 runs into a curved fashion and rests against the cylindrical surface of the pin or member BO1 is the angle of contact or wrap ⁇ and is selected to be in a range between 30° and 50°.
  • the region BB of the optical waveguide LW1 to the left of the pin BO1 no longer rests against the surface of the pin or member.
  • region UB which is on the right side of the coupling region, also no longer rests on the surface of the pin and both these regions BB and UB will have only a small or negligible curvature.
  • the splicing location lies to the right of the pin BO1, i.e., in the region UB.
  • the axis of the optical waveguide LW1 is illustrated by a broken line LW1A.
  • the coating is removed so that only the actual optical waveguide fiber LWF1 can be seen and this fiber consists of a glass core and glass cladding.
  • the splicing operation for example, through welding, is carried out in the area which has the external coating removed therefrom.
  • the additional optical waveguide LWK serving for the purpose of input coupling of the light LT1 required for the measurement at the splicing location runs somewhat less than tangentially to the optical waveguide LW1.
  • the geometric relation of the coupling region KB lies within relatively narrow tolerance values if a high-coupling efficiency is to be obtained.
  • the additional optical waveguide LWK also exhibits a coating wherein at the left portion for purposes of clarification and illustration, a section of the coating has been removed and only the optical waveguide LWKF, which consists of the glass core and cladding glass, is visible.
  • the additional optical waveguide LWK has an axis LWKA which is illustrated as a broken line.
  • KP designates that point from which the optical waveguide LW1 no longer proceeds in the curved fashion, i.e., virtually becomes removed from contact with a surface of the pin BO1.
  • the coupling point KP thus lies at a right leg 11 of the angle of contact or wrap ⁇ .
  • an extended axis LWKA of the optical waveguide LWK meets the axis LW1A of the optical waveguide LW1 at the point KP for the second time. This is because the two axes have already crossed at a point to the left of the point KP.
  • a tangent TKP at the point KP will form an angle ⁇ in relation to the axis LWKA of the additional optical waveguide LWK.
  • the angle ⁇ should expediently be selected to be as small as possible, preferably in a range of 7° to 15°. It is also noted that a line extending perpendicular to the axis LWKA through the center of the member BO1 with a right leg 11 of the angle of contact ⁇ also will be the angle ⁇ . The angle between the axis LWKA and the right leg 11 of the angle ⁇ is thus an acute angle with a value 90°- ⁇ .
  • the optical waveguide LWK has an end face which is shaped in a curved fashion, namely, concavely.
  • the curvature has a radius which corresponds to the radius of the pin BO1 plus the diameter of the optical waveguide LW1.
  • This end face altogether forms a coupling region which is referenced KB.
  • the coating of the additional optical waveguide LWK is thus calculated as jointly belonging to the coupling region. In reality, however, the light transmission occurs only in the region of the actual fiber and in precise terms, only at the end face of the core of the optical waveguide fiber LWKF.
  • the selected arrangement of the coupling point KP so that it virtually lies at the end of the curved region of the optical waveguide LW1 yields a particularly high coupling efficiency. This is caused essentially from a fact that the optical waveguide LW1 no longer or only still very slightly runs in a curved fashion and hence through the following minor curvature. Thus, light emission and hence an attenuation no longer will occur.
  • the coupling point were placed in the center of the contact or wrap region, through the following curvature, say by ⁇ /2, the input-coupled light from the core region of the optical waveguide LW1 will partially again emerge and thus be lost.
  • the angle of contact or wrap ⁇ should also be kept as small as possible in order to keep the bending-stressed portion of the optical waveguide LW1 as short as possible. The longer that this bending-stressed portion is, the greater would be the later breakage probability due to microcracks in the surface brough about by the bending.
  • the angle ⁇ should expediently be selected in a range of between 20° and 50°.
  • the pin or member BO1 has a diameter in a range of 1.5 to 6 mm.
  • the output coupling device 20 is best illustrated in FIG. 3 and is positioned behind the splicing location.
  • the second optical waveguide LW2 is guided on a pin BO2 which preferably has the same curvature or the same diameter as the pin BO1.
  • the angle of contact ⁇ ' between the second optical waveguide LW2 and the surface of the pin or cylinder BO2 should approximately have the same value as the angle of contact ⁇ of the input coupling device 10.
  • the emerging component LT2 of light passes through a glass plate GP of the photodiode PD and onto its photosensitive surface LF so that the photosensitive surface LF is selected to have an area greater than the emergence region occupied by the light LT2.
  • the center point of the photosensitive surface LF is offset by an angle ⁇ ' which is preferably 7° to 15° to the axis of the incoming second light waveguide LW2 since this is the direction of maximum emerging light power.
  • ⁇ ' which is preferably 7° to 15° to the axis of the incoming second light waveguide LW2 since this is the direction of maximum emerging light power.
  • the light-sensitive surface LF lies approximately parallel to a tangent of the second waveguide LW2 at the angle of contact ⁇ '. It is thereby guaranteed that no emerging light energy is lost through fadeout or the like.
  • the photodiode PD converts the light into a photocurrent which is applied by the connecting lines AD1 and AD2 to the receiving circuit RC (FIG. 1). From the receiving circuit RC, the signal is then applied to a measuring apparatus MG.
  • the input coupling device 10 includes a base plate PL (FIG. 4).
  • a stop part AN is secured to the base plate PL.
  • This stop part AN has a slit SL in its upper region and the width of the slit is selected to be only slightly larger than that of the optical waveguide LW1.
  • a covering AB is provided which surrounds the stop part AN and which has a guide FG for the pin or cylinder BO1.
  • the pin BO1 is spring-mounted so that after applying the cover AB which acts as a lid, even in the case of varying fiber diameters, a tight contact pressing of the optical fiber LW1 into the coupling region KB is guaranteed.
  • the guide device FG in the interior has a reservoir VB which receives an immersion gel IG.
  • the reservoir VB terminates in a nozzle DS through which the gel can emerge adjacent the lower edge or surface of the pin BO1 and thus enter the coupling region KB.
  • FIG. 5 which is an enlarged illustration, the emergence region in the case of the pin BO1 for the immersion gel IG is illustrated.
  • the immersion gel IG passes over the optical waveguide LW1 and approaches the end face of the optical waveguide fiber LWFA of the additional optical fiber LWK and wets the latter.
  • the pin or cylinder BO1 is provided with a groove NT (best illustrated in FIG. 5) which extends around its circumference and which groove is precisely so deep that a coated optical fiber LW1 projects from it by about 10 to 20% of its diameter.
  • the optical waveguide LWK which is illustrated in broken lines in FIG. 4 is received and secured in the interior of a metal pin MS which is received in an oblique bore in the interior of the stop part AN.
  • the bore has the angular values which were discussed with regard to FIG. 2.
  • the end of the metal pin MS together with the cemented-in optical waveguide LWK is correspondingly ground out, namely, such that the curvature of recess in the contact region of the pin BO1 corresponds to the external diameter of the pin BO1.
  • the pin or cylinder BO1 is pressed with a certain contact pressure against the stop part AN which can advantageously proceed via a corresponding springy mounting of the metal pin BO1 in the guide FG.
  • the pin BO1 is moved upwardly counter to the spring force so that the narrow slit SL is available in its entirely.
  • the optical waveguide LW1 can be inserted or threaded from above in a simple fashion.
  • the pin BO1 is moved downwardly and thereby brings a portion of the optical waveguide LW1 through the guidance in the groove NT precisely to the coupling region KB where the optical waveguide LWK is fixedly secured.
  • the input coupling of the light does not proceed via stray light but, on the contrary, direct radiation into the core of the optical waveguide LW1 is guaranteed so that the exact marginal conditions can be observed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
US06/755,276 1984-08-14 1985-07-15 Device for coupling light into an optical waveguide Expired - Fee Related US5040866A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843429947 DE3429947A1 (de) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Vorrichtung zur einkopplung von licht in einen lichtwellenleiter
DE3429947 1984-08-14

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US5146521A (en) * 1990-06-18 1992-09-08 York Limited Optical fibre communication network
US5235657A (en) * 1991-02-15 1993-08-10 Cegelec Optical fiber tapping coupler
US5333217A (en) * 1992-07-01 1994-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for introducing a flexural coupler into its coupling position
US5343541A (en) * 1989-12-20 1994-08-30 Raychem Corporation Optical bypass switch
US5347602A (en) * 1992-03-04 1994-09-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft A device for bending a light waveguide to detect signal therein
US5410628A (en) * 1991-06-25 1995-04-25 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Optical tapping device for use in conjunction with an optical fiber management device
US5424831A (en) * 1992-07-30 1995-06-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for measuring a plurality of light waveguides
US5517590A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-05-14 At&T Ipm Corp. Bending process for optical coupling of glass optical fibers
US5541725A (en) * 1992-02-05 1996-07-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for testing a plurality of optical waveguides
US5680206A (en) * 1993-08-30 1997-10-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for testing the properties of at least one splice in at least one optical waveguide
FR2829586A1 (fr) * 2001-09-07 2003-03-14 Cablage Connectique Europ Connecteur emetteur recepteur pour fibres optiques
WO2006092051A1 (en) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-08 Exfo Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. Method and apparatus for extracting light from an optical waveguide
JP2014219286A (ja) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-20 住友電気工業株式会社 信号光取得構造、信号光測定装置、および信号光取得方法
US20140354978A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2014-12-04 At&T Intellectual Property Ii, L.P. Method, apparatus and system for minimally intrusive fiber identification
JP2015087122A (ja) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-07 住友電気工業株式会社 信号光取得構造
JP2016151522A (ja) * 2015-02-18 2016-08-22 日本電信電話株式会社 光線路検査装置及び方法
JP2017049214A (ja) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-09 日本電信電話株式会社 光ファイバ側方入出力装置及び光線路切替システム
US20170160167A1 (en) * 2014-10-06 2017-06-08 Fujikura Ltd. Optical power monitor device and optical power monitor method

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US4659217A (en) * 1985-07-15 1987-04-21 Raychem Corp. Determining splice attenuation
DE3624653C2 (de) * 1986-07-22 1994-08-11 Siemens Ag Optischer Biegekoppler mit Prüfstift, insbesondere für eine Vielzahl von Lichtwellenleitern
DE3720196A1 (de) * 1987-06-16 1988-12-29 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur erfassung der daempfung von lichtwellenleitern
DE3733646C1 (en) * 1987-10-05 1988-12-15 Ant Nachrichtentech Method and device for producing an optical fibre coupling element
US4889403A (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-12-26 Raychem Corp. Distribution optical fiber tap
US4815805A (en) * 1987-11-12 1989-03-28 Raychem Corp. Dynamic range reduction using mode filter
DE3815152A1 (de) * 1988-05-04 1989-11-23 Strabag Bau Ag Einrichtung zum ueberwachen und/oder steuern eines schienengebundenen verkehrs
EP0400408B1 (de) * 1989-06-02 1996-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Ausrichtung zweier Lichtwellenleiter-Faserenden und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE4004751C2 (de) * 1990-02-15 1999-04-22 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum unterbrechungsfreien Umspleißen von Lichtwellenleitern
DE4321084A1 (de) * 1993-06-19 1994-12-22 Krone Ag Vorrichtung zur Messung der spektralen Empfindlichkeit von optischen Komponenten mit einer Lichtquelle mit breitem Emissionsspektrum
DE10108303A1 (de) * 2001-02-21 2002-08-22 Deutsche Telekom Ag Anordnung und Verfahren zum Detektieren eines optischen Signals an der Längsseite einer Glasfaser
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Cited By (25)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5343541A (en) * 1989-12-20 1994-08-30 Raychem Corporation Optical bypass switch
US5146521A (en) * 1990-06-18 1992-09-08 York Limited Optical fibre communication network
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DE3429947A1 (de) 1986-02-27

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