US5036282A - Biplanar gradient coil for magnetic resonance imaging systems - Google Patents

Biplanar gradient coil for magnetic resonance imaging systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US5036282A
US5036282A US07/368,047 US36804789A US5036282A US 5036282 A US5036282 A US 5036282A US 36804789 A US36804789 A US 36804789A US 5036282 A US5036282 A US 5036282A
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Prior art keywords
coil loop
coil
loop arrays
magnetic resonance
arrays
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Expired - Lifetime
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US07/368,047
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English (en)
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Michael A. Morich
Michael A. Martens
Robert W. Brown
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Case Western Reserve University
Philips Nuclear Medicine Inc
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Picker International Inc
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Assigned to CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY reassignment CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BROWN, ROBERT W.
Assigned to PICKER INTERNATIONAL, INC. reassignment PICKER INTERNATIONAL, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
Priority to US07/368,047 priority Critical patent/US5036282A/en
Assigned to PICKER INTERNATIONAL, INC. reassignment PICKER INTERNATIONAL, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MARTENS, MICHAEL A., MORICH, MICHAEL A.
Application filed by Picker International Inc filed Critical Picker International Inc
Priority to EP90306568A priority patent/EP0404461B1/en
Priority to DE69006935T priority patent/DE69006935T2/de
Priority to JP2156667A priority patent/JP2732141B2/ja
Priority to US07/719,334 priority patent/US5177441A/en
Publication of US5036282A publication Critical patent/US5036282A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to US08/030,601 priority patent/US5278504A/en
Priority to US08/080,564 priority patent/US5424643A/en
Priority to US08/116,076 priority patent/US5451875A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/385—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using gradient magnetic field coils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the art of magnetic field gradient generation. It finds particular application in conjunction with establishing gradient magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging techniques and will be described with particular reference thereto. It is to be appreciated, however, that the invention will also find application in spectroscopy and other processes and apparatus in which accurately predictable magnetic field gradients are established or maintained.
  • a uniform magnetic field is created through an examination region in which a subject to be examined is disposed.
  • a series of radio frequency pulses and magnetic field gradients are applied to the examination region.
  • Gradient fields are conventionally applied as a series of gradient pulses with preselected profiles. These pulses excite magnetic resonance, phase and frequency encode the resonance, and cause phase and frequency encoded magnetic resonance signals to be emitted.
  • the gradient magnetic pulses are applied to select and encode the magnetic resonance signals.
  • the magnetic field gradients are applied to select one or more planes or slices to be imaged.
  • Gradient field pulses are also applied for selectively modifying the uniform magnetic field to encode frequency and phase into the magnetization, hence the resonance signals in order to identify a spatial location.
  • the magnetic resonance signals are then processed to generate two or three dimensional image representations of a portion of the subject in the examination region.
  • the accuracy of the resultant image representation is dependent upon the accuracy with which the actually applied magnetic field gradient pulses conform to selected gradient pulse profiles.
  • linear magnetic filed gradients have been produced by cylindrical gradient field coils.
  • Discrete coils were wound in a bunched or distributed fashion on a large diameter hollow right cylinder tube, commonly 65 centimeters in diameter or larger.
  • Conventional bunched geometries include Maxwell or modified-Maxwell pair for z-gradient production and single or multi-arc Golay saddle coils for x and y gradient production.
  • the coils are normally wound in a series arrangement and positioned to give a magnetic field profile with the desired linearity over a predefined volume.
  • the distributive windings on the right angle cylinders are generally would and in pairs and driven anti-symmetrically.
  • the coils are driven in an anti-symmetric manner such that only odd field derivatives are non-zero at the coil origin.
  • the first derivative is the field gradient while the third and higher order derivatives represents distortion. If the diameter of the cylinder and coil placement are chosen properly, the third derivative is cancelled at the origin making the fifth derivative the first distortion term.
  • the conventional gradient coils are constructed of copper buss bar or multi-strand wire that is would on a glass reinforced plastic tube.
  • the inductance which is related to the stored magnetic energy, is critical in gradient coil design. The inductance relates to how quickly the coil can switch the gradient field on and off with a given supply of voltage. Large inductances, as are typical in wound cylindrical coils, limit the switching speed of the gradient magnetic fields.
  • the diameter of the gradient coil cylinders For maximum efficiency, it would be advantageous to reduce the diameter of the gradient coil cylinders to be as close as possible to the subject, provided gradient linearity can be maintained.
  • the required energy for field gradient production varies roughly as a fifth power of a gradient coil cylinder diameter in free space.
  • the gradient coils interact with other adjoining structures such as radiation shields of superconducting magnets, making the relationship somewhat greater than the fifth power.
  • reducing the coil size could have a dramatic effect on power consumption, reducing the cylinder diameter below 65 centimeters would be too restrictive to receive patients for full body scans.
  • a single planar surface gradient coil by contrast, suffers from poor gradient uniformity or field linearity. Images using a single planar gradient coil require geometric distortion correction for head size volumes and larger.
  • a gradient coil assembly for generating magnetic field gradients across an examination region.
  • First and second coil loop arrays are disposed on a smooth surface on opposite sides of a line of symmetry.
  • Third and fourth coil loop arrays are disposed along the smooth surface on opposite sides of the line of symmetry and between the first and second coil loop arrays.
  • a power supply supplies current to the coil loop arrays such that the first and third arrays have a net clockwise current flow and the second and third arrays have a net counterclockwise current flow.
  • four analogous coil loop arrays are disposed along a second smooth surface disposed generally parallel to the first smooth surface such that the gradient field is created therebetween.
  • the first and second smooth surfaces are preferably parallel planes.
  • a gradient coil assembly is provided on two smooth surfaces.
  • the coil is designed by calculating current flux density and pattern along the two surfaces that produce a selected magnetic field gradient between the surfaces.
  • Coils are configured with a series of conductors disposed along the surface which closely approximate the current density and direction at each point along the surfaces.
  • a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus which has a gradient coil assembly as described above.
  • One advantage of the present invention is that it achieves high gradient strengths with relatively short rise times.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that it provides improved linearity.
  • Yet another advantage of the present invention is that it minimizes stored energy, hence, minimizes gradient rise time for a given geometry and desired magnetic field pattern.
  • Yet another advantage is that it improves patient access.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus with a magnetic field gradient coil assembly in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred y gradient coil assembly winding pattern in accordance with the preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred x gradient coil pattern.
  • a main magnetic field means 10 generates a substantially uniform magnetic field longitudinally through an examination or image region 12.
  • the main magnetic field means includes a plurality of main field magnets 14 which are operated under control of a magnetic field control means and power supply 16.
  • the main magnetic field is a strong uniform field that is aligned with a z or longitudinal axis.
  • a gradient field means 20 selectively creates gradient magnetic fields across the examination region 12.
  • the gradient field means includes a y gradient coil assembly 22 which applies gradients along a y axis, preferably a vertical axis transverse to the z axis.
  • the y gradient coil assembly includes an upper coil winding assembly 22a and a lower coil winding assembly 22b.
  • an x gradient coil assembly 24 selectively applies gradients in the x direction - horizontal, transverse to the z axis in the illustrated embodiment.
  • The, x gradient coil assembly is again mounted on two parallel, non-closed surfaces 24a, 24b on opposite sides of the examination region.
  • a z gradient coil assembly 26 includes a pair of annular or other conventional coils 26a, 26b for creating gradients along the z axis.
  • each of the x and y gradient coil assembly includes a plurality of symmetrically arranged windings or coil loops described in greater detail in conjunction with FIG. 2 below. Each of these windings are disposed on one of four smooth surfaces, preferably planes.
  • the surfaces of the y gradient coils 22a, 22b are larger in transverse direction than the surfaces of the x gradient coils 24a, 24b. The difference in width is selected in accordance with the cross sectional aspect ratio of human patients to optimize the shape and size of the examination region.
  • a current control means 28 selectively supplies electrical currents to each loop of the x, y, and z gradient coils. The current is supplied to the coil loops such that the currents flow through each loop in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. More specific to the preferred embodiment, half of the coil arrays on each planar surface have a clockwise current flow and the other half will have a counterclockwise current flow.
  • a gradient field control means 30 controls the current control means 28 to cause it to apply appropriate current pulses to the gradient field windings to cause selected gradient pulses.
  • a resonance excitation means 40 includes a radio frequency transmitter 42 for generating radio frequency pulses of the appropriate frequency spectrum for inducing resonance in selected dipoles disposed in the examination region.
  • the radio frequency transmitter is connected to a radio frequency antenna 44 disposed adjacent the examination region for transmitting radio frequency pulses into a region of interest of the patient or other subject in the examination region.
  • the radio frequency antenna is illustrated as being disposed peripherally around the gradient coil assemblies, it is to be appreciated that such antenna may also be disposed within the gradient coil assemblies.
  • a surface coil may be positioned contiguous to an examined patient or subject for controllably inducing magnetic resonance in a selected contiguous region of the patient.
  • a magnetic resonance receiving means 50 includes the radio frequency coil 44 which receives, as well as transmits, radio frequency signals in the illustrated embodiment. For other studies, separate transmit and receive coils are used. For example, receive only surface coils may be disposed contiguous to a selected region of the patient to receive resonance induced by the radio frequency coil 44.
  • a radio frequency receiver 52 receives the radio frequency signals from the antenna. The received radio frequency signals are demodulated and reconstructed into an image representation. More specifically, a Fourier transform means 54 transforms magnetic resonance signals into an image representation for storage in an image memory means 56. As is conventional in the art, the image may represent a planar slice through the patient, an array of parallel planar slices, a three dimensional volume, or the like.
  • a display means 58 such as a video monitor, provides a man-readable display of the resultant image. Other conventional processing equipment, which is conventional in the art, is omitted from the illustration for simplicity.
  • Each of the x and y gradient coil assemblies includes two surfaces that are symmetric with respect to a central plane.
  • the illustrated planar surfaces are parallel to the z axis plane of symmetry.
  • Each surface includes a sheet of non-magnetic and non-conducting material on which a distributed conductive coil assembly is mounted.
  • the distributed coil patterns represent a discrete approximation of an optimal, continuous current distribution.
  • the optimal current is computed to yield minimum stored energy for the desired magnetic field pattern.
  • the magnetic field pattern is a linear gradient that is symmetric about a geometric center line along the z axis, midway between the x gradient coil surfaces and the y gradient coil surfaces.
  • This magnetic field pattern for the biplanar y gradient coil is defined by the equation: ##EQU1##
  • "a" represents the half separation distance between the coils
  • ⁇ k are the solved for Lagrange multipliers
  • B z c (x j , y j , Z j ) are the desired values of the magnetic flux densities at points (X j , Y j , Z j )
  • ⁇ are Fourier transform variables
  • j x a and j z a are the x and z components of the continuous surface current density function
  • W m is the stored magnetic energy.
  • Analogous equations represent the solution for a biplanar y gradient coil or z gradient coil.
  • the values of the magnetic flux density change linearly. Analogous in the y direction and are constant in the x and z direction.
  • the magnetic flux changes linear with distance in the x direction and is constant in the y and z direction.
  • the surface current densities are mirror images on the oppositely disposed coil surfaces such that the gradients vary from positive at one side through zero at the geometric center to a negative value at the opposite end.
  • the magnetic flux may be designed to have the zero gradient displaced from the lower y gradient coil surface a short distance such that it falls within the center of the spine.
  • the current density is approximated by a first loop array 60 and a second coil loop array 62 disposed symmetrically about a line of symmetry 64.
  • the line of symmetry is the intersection between the illustrated plane and a plane of symmetry about which all coil assemblies are symmetric.
  • a first order correction for irregularities in the gradient generated by the first and second loop arrays is made by a third coil loop array 66 and a fourth coil loop array 68.
  • the third and fourth coil loop arrays are also disposed symmetrically about the line of symmetry but are smaller than the first and second coil loop arrays.
  • Each of the four coil loop assemblies include a plurality of generally circular loops which are disposed symmetrically relative to the z axis.
  • the first and second coil loop arrays would include additional peripheral current flow paths carrying progressively smaller amounts of current extending out to infinity.
  • physical size constraints put a limit on the maximum size of these coil arrays.
  • additional small coil loop arrays may be provided. Such additional coil loop arrays are disposed in pairs symmetric about the z axis between the first and second coil arrays and the line of symmetry. Such additional coil arrays are normally smaller in diameter than the third and fourth coil arrays. The actual number and placement of these additional coil loop arrays is determined by the magnetic field pattern to be achieved and the accuracy with which it is to be approximated.
  • the opposite y planar surface 22b has, in the embodiment in which the zero gradient is centered, an identical winding pattern.
  • the current control means 28 applies electrical currents to the coils such that the current flow about the first and second coil loop arrays is opposite, e.g. clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively
  • the current control means further applies currents to the third and fourth coil loop arrays such that the current flows in opposite directions relative to each other and relative to the closest of the first and second coil loop arrays, e.g. counterclockwise and clockwise.
  • current may flow clockwise through the first and fourth coil loop array and counterclockwise through the second and third coil loop array on the upper plane 22a.
  • current flow is the opposite. That is, current flows counterclockwise through the first and fourth coil loop arrays and clockwise through the second and third current loop arrays.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred coil winding pattern for the x gradient coil.
  • the coil is substantially the same as the y gradient coil but compressed in width to accommodate the shorter dimension.
  • additional planar coil winding patterns may be provided adjacent the outside of the gradient coils away from the examination region. These additional windings may provide a shielding that cancels the flux density exterior to the biplanar coils.
  • the coils may also be asymmetric in such a manner that the center of the linear field gradient is offset from the geometric center of the examination region.
  • the annular z gradient coils may be replaced with planar coils, where access constraints permit.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
US07/368,047 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 Biplanar gradient coil for magnetic resonance imaging systems Expired - Lifetime US5036282A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/368,047 US5036282A (en) 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 Biplanar gradient coil for magnetic resonance imaging systems
DE69006935T DE69006935T2 (de) 1989-06-16 1990-06-15 Gradientspulenaufbauten für die Erzeugung von Magnetfeldgradienten über einem Bereich.
EP90306568A EP0404461B1 (en) 1989-06-16 1990-06-15 Gradient coil assemblies for generating magnetic field gradients across a region
JP2156667A JP2732141B2 (ja) 1989-06-16 1990-06-16 領域横断磁場勾配発生用勾配コイルアセンブリー
US07/719,334 US5177441A (en) 1989-06-16 1991-06-21 Elliptical cross section gradient oil
US08/030,601 US5278504A (en) 1989-06-16 1993-03-11 Gradient coil with off center sweet spot for magnetic resonance imaging
US08/080,564 US5424643A (en) 1989-06-16 1993-06-21 Magnetic resonance gradient sheet coils
US08/116,076 US5451875A (en) 1989-06-16 1993-09-02 Technique for reducing aliasing artifacts wtih insertable gradient coils

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US07/368,047 US5036282A (en) 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 Biplanar gradient coil for magnetic resonance imaging systems

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US07/719,334 Continuation-In-Part US5177441A (en) 1989-06-16 1991-06-21 Elliptical cross section gradient oil

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US5177442A (en) * 1991-07-01 1993-01-05 General Electric Company Transverse gradient coils for imaging the head
US5185576A (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-02-09 General Electric Company Local gradient coil
US5278504A (en) * 1989-06-16 1994-01-11 Picker International, Inc. Gradient coil with off center sweet spot for magnetic resonance imaging
US5280248A (en) * 1992-07-24 1994-01-18 Picker International, Inc. Biplanar RF coil for magnetic resonance imaging systems
US5394086A (en) * 1993-08-09 1995-02-28 Picker International, Inc. Feed cable system for coils in high magnetic fields
US5424643A (en) * 1989-06-16 1995-06-13 Picker International, Inc. Magnetic resonance gradient sheet coils
EP0690312A1 (en) 1994-06-30 1996-01-03 Picker International, Inc. Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
US5485087A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-01-16 Picker International, Inc. Magnetic resonance insert gradient coils with parabolic returns for improved access
US5530355A (en) * 1993-05-13 1996-06-25 Doty Scientific, Inc. Solenoidal, octopolar, transverse gradient coils
US5554929A (en) * 1993-03-12 1996-09-10 Doty Scientific, Inc. Crescent gradient coils
US5581187A (en) * 1994-06-29 1996-12-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Actively shielded planar gradient coil for pole plate magnets of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
US5610521A (en) * 1992-07-24 1997-03-11 Picker International, Inc. Gradient and RF coil system without RF shield
US5655533A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-08-12 Picker International, Inc. Actively shielded orthogonal gradient coils for wrist imaging
US5942898A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-08-24 Picker International, Inc. Thrust balanced bi-planar gradient set for MRI scanners
US5977771A (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-11-02 Picker International, Inc. Single gradient coil configuration for MRI systems with orthogonal directed magnetic fields
US6262576B1 (en) 1999-11-16 2001-07-17 Picker International, Inc. Phased array planar gradient coil set for MRI systems
US6272370B1 (en) 1998-08-07 2001-08-07 The Regents Of University Of Minnesota MR-visible medical device for neurological interventions using nonlinear magnetic stereotaxis and a method imaging
US6463317B1 (en) 1998-05-19 2002-10-08 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Device and method for the endovascular treatment of aneurysms
US20030222647A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-12-04 Goldie Frederick Thomas David Gradient coil structure for magnetic resonance imaging
US6696836B2 (en) * 2001-02-28 2004-02-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the operation of a magnetic resonance apparatus and magnetic resonance apparatus for the implementation of the method
US6788057B1 (en) 2001-02-22 2004-09-07 General Electric Company Open architecture gradient coil set for magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
US20050073312A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-07 Oliver Heid Generator for generating time-variable magnetic fields and magnetic resonance device
US20050104592A1 (en) * 2003-11-18 2005-05-19 The University Of Queensland Bi-planar coil assemblies for producing specified magnetic fields
US20050162166A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2005-07-28 Matthias Gebhardt Gradient coil/RF antenna unit and magnetic resonance apparatus employing same
US20070216409A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2007-09-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Magnetic Resonance Imaging System With Iron-Assisted Magnetic Field Gradient System
US10199147B2 (en) 2012-10-18 2019-02-05 University Of Utah Research Foundation Omnidirectional electromagnet
EP3594707A1 (en) 2018-07-09 2020-01-15 Esaote S.p.A. Method for designing gradient coils for mri systems, gradient coils for mri systems obtained by the said method and mri system comprising such gradient coils
CN112684392A (zh) * 2019-10-19 2021-04-20 惠仁望都医疗设备科技有限公司 一种非平面梯度线圈的设计方法
RU2782979C2 (ru) * 2018-04-30 2022-11-08 Конинклейке Филипс Н.В. Катушка экранирования градиентного магнитного поля с меандровой обмоткой для устройства магнитно-резонансной томографии

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An Optimized Highly Homogeneous Shielded Gradient Coil Design by Carlson, SMRM Book of Abstracts, Aug. 1988, p. 28. *
Coils of Minimum Inductance by R. Turner, SMRM Book of Abstracts, Aug. 1988, p. 26. *
Coils Producing a Magnetic Field Gradient for Diffusion Measurements with NMR by Zupancic, et al., J. Phy. E. Sci. Inst., vol. 9, (1976). *
Design Data for Efficient Axial Gradient Coils: Application to NMR Imaging , by St. James, et al., Mag. Res. In Med., 2, pp. 245 252 (1985). *
Gradient Coil Design for Microscope Imaging of Human Extremities in a One Meter Bore Magnet by Barlow, et al., SMRM WIP Abstract, Aug. 1988, p. 132. *
High Speed, High Field, Planar Surface Gradient Assembly for Fast Imaging SMRM WIP Abstracts, Aug. 1988, p. 134. *
Magnetic Field Gradient Coils for NMR Imaging by Bangert, et al., J. Phys. E. Sci. Inst., vol. 15, (1982). *
Minimum Inductance Coils by R. Turner, J. Phys. E. Sci. Inst. 21, pp. 948 952, (1988). *
Passive Screening of Switched Magnetic Field Gradients by R. Turner, et al., J. Phys. Scien. Inst., 19, pp. 876 879, (1986). *
Real Time Movie Imaging from a Single Cardiac Cycle by NMR , by Chapman, et al., Mag. Res. In Med. 5 pp. 246 254, (1987). *
Self Shielded Gradient Coil Design Via Eddy Current Modelling by F. T. D. Goldie, SMRM Book of Abstracts, Aug. 1988, p. 120. *

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US5278504A (en) * 1989-06-16 1994-01-11 Picker International, Inc. Gradient coil with off center sweet spot for magnetic resonance imaging
US5424643A (en) * 1989-06-16 1995-06-13 Picker International, Inc. Magnetic resonance gradient sheet coils
US5177442A (en) * 1991-07-01 1993-01-05 General Electric Company Transverse gradient coils for imaging the head
US5185576A (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-02-09 General Electric Company Local gradient coil
US5280248A (en) * 1992-07-24 1994-01-18 Picker International, Inc. Biplanar RF coil for magnetic resonance imaging systems
US5610521A (en) * 1992-07-24 1997-03-11 Picker International, Inc. Gradient and RF coil system without RF shield
US5886548A (en) * 1993-03-12 1999-03-23 Doty Scientific Inc. Crescent gradient coils
US5554929A (en) * 1993-03-12 1996-09-10 Doty Scientific, Inc. Crescent gradient coils
US5530355A (en) * 1993-05-13 1996-06-25 Doty Scientific, Inc. Solenoidal, octopolar, transverse gradient coils
US5394086A (en) * 1993-08-09 1995-02-28 Picker International, Inc. Feed cable system for coils in high magnetic fields
US5581185A (en) * 1994-03-15 1996-12-03 Picker International, Inc. Torque-balanced gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging
US5581187A (en) * 1994-06-29 1996-12-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Actively shielded planar gradient coil for pole plate magnets of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
CN1079572C (zh) * 1994-06-29 2002-02-20 西门子公司 用于极板磁极的有源屏蔽平面式梯度线圈
US5655533A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-08-12 Picker International, Inc. Actively shielded orthogonal gradient coils for wrist imaging
EP0690312B1 (en) * 1994-06-30 2003-10-22 Philips Medical Systems (Cleveland), Inc. Asymmetric gradient coils for magnetic resonance imaging
EP0690312A1 (en) 1994-06-30 1996-01-03 Picker International, Inc. Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
US5485087A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-01-16 Picker International, Inc. Magnetic resonance insert gradient coils with parabolic returns for improved access
US5942898A (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-08-24 Picker International, Inc. Thrust balanced bi-planar gradient set for MRI scanners
US5977771A (en) * 1997-11-03 1999-11-02 Picker International, Inc. Single gradient coil configuration for MRI systems with orthogonal directed magnetic fields
US6463317B1 (en) 1998-05-19 2002-10-08 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Device and method for the endovascular treatment of aneurysms
US6272370B1 (en) 1998-08-07 2001-08-07 The Regents Of University Of Minnesota MR-visible medical device for neurological interventions using nonlinear magnetic stereotaxis and a method imaging
US6262576B1 (en) 1999-11-16 2001-07-17 Picker International, Inc. Phased array planar gradient coil set for MRI systems
US6788057B1 (en) 2001-02-22 2004-09-07 General Electric Company Open architecture gradient coil set for magnetic resonance imaging apparatus
US6696836B2 (en) * 2001-02-28 2004-02-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the operation of a magnetic resonance apparatus and magnetic resonance apparatus for the implementation of the method
US20030222647A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-12-04 Goldie Frederick Thomas David Gradient coil structure for magnetic resonance imaging
US7126334B2 (en) * 2003-10-06 2006-10-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Generator for generating time-variable magnetic fields and magnetic resonance device
US20050073312A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-07 Oliver Heid Generator for generating time-variable magnetic fields and magnetic resonance device
US20050104592A1 (en) * 2003-11-18 2005-05-19 The University Of Queensland Bi-planar coil assemblies for producing specified magnetic fields
US7193417B2 (en) * 2003-11-18 2007-03-20 The University Of Queensland Bi-planar coil assemblies for producing specified magnetic fields
US20050162166A1 (en) * 2003-11-20 2005-07-28 Matthias Gebhardt Gradient coil/RF antenna unit and magnetic resonance apparatus employing same
US7026816B2 (en) * 2003-11-20 2006-04-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gradient coil/RF antenna unit and magnetic resonance apparatus employing same
US20070216409A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2007-09-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Magnetic Resonance Imaging System With Iron-Assisted Magnetic Field Gradient System
US7417434B2 (en) * 2004-06-17 2008-08-26 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Magnetic resonance imaging system with iron-assisted magnetic field gradient system
US10199147B2 (en) 2012-10-18 2019-02-05 University Of Utah Research Foundation Omnidirectional electromagnet
RU2782979C2 (ru) * 2018-04-30 2022-11-08 Конинклейке Филипс Н.В. Катушка экранирования градиентного магнитного поля с меандровой обмоткой для устройства магнитно-резонансной томографии
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US11204406B2 (en) 2018-07-09 2021-12-21 Esaote S.P.A. Method for designing gradient coils for MRI systems, gradient coils for MRI systems obtained by the said method and MRI system comprising such gradient coils
CN112684392A (zh) * 2019-10-19 2021-04-20 惠仁望都医疗设备科技有限公司 一种非平面梯度线圈的设计方法

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JP2732141B2 (ja) 1998-03-25
EP0404461A1 (en) 1990-12-27

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