US5022933A - Process for annealing boron-containing steels and product thereof - Google Patents

Process for annealing boron-containing steels and product thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US5022933A
US5022933A US07/421,590 US42159089A US5022933A US 5022933 A US5022933 A US 5022933A US 42159089 A US42159089 A US 42159089A US 5022933 A US5022933 A US 5022933A
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United States
Prior art keywords
boron
annealing
products
process according
pulverulent
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US07/421,590
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English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Brandis
Bernd Huchtemann
Peter Schuler
Dietrich Werner
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Thyssen Stahl AG
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Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG
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Assigned to THYSSEN EDELSTAHLWERKE AG, A CORP. OF FED. REP. OF GERMANY reassignment THYSSEN EDELSTAHLWERKE AG, A CORP. OF FED. REP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BRANDIS, HELMUT, HUCHTEMANN, BERND, SCHULER, PETER, WERNER, DIETRICH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
    • C23C8/68—Boronising
    • C23C8/70—Boronising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to boron-containing steels and to a process for annealing steel products having boron contents of up to 200 ppm in a temperature range of 850° to 1050° C.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dependence of boron content on boron activity in alpha and gamma iron.
  • the invention provides boron-containing steels which, in the annealed condition, have a predefined (dissolved) boron content in the range of up to 200 ppm, and a process wherein the products are annealed in the state of equilibrium in a non-oxidizing gaseous atmosphere with a boron potential supplied by a pulverulent boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) source having a value which is sufficient that the products retain or absorb their boron content.
  • B 2 O 3 pulverulent boron oxide
  • the process of the present invention is different from the known boriding of steels, wherein the boron activity in the annealing atmosphere is of a quite different order of magnitude, around or above 1, while in the process according to the invention it is lower by several orders of magnitude. Accordingly, during boriding, the steel absorbs boron contents in the % range--i.e., contents far above the solubility limit (in the case of gamma iron about 75 ppm B at 1000° C.) in the borided zone. Iron boride (FeB and Fe 2 B) is formed.
  • annealing is performed in the state of equilibrium--i.e., with constant temperature, pressure and concentration conditions, including constant boron activity and constant boron partial pressure in the annealing atmosphere.
  • the annealing gas atmosphere mainly consists of hydrogen
  • the bore potential can be considerably reduced, since at the most traces of oxygen are still contained in the annealing gas atmosphere.
  • the neutral atmosphere also protects the steel against scaling and boron impoverishment.
  • annealing is performed in the boron-containing gaseous atmosphere in the annealing box without circulation of the gaseous atmosphere, since, in that case, the annealing atmosphere can be prevented from being impoverished in boron by born oxide condensing out. Instead, the boron potential can remain preserved, even for hours, in the annealing gas atmosphere.
  • boron-containing products can also be case hardened by the process according to the invention, and even products from a steel containing no born can be case hardened and at the same time alloyed with soluble boron in a quantity of up to about 200 ppm boron.
  • Nicholson had succeeded in alloying iron, from an iron boride coating layer, with boron only when the sample was completely enclosed with boron powder during annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • boron could not be successfully diffused into an iron sample.
  • Grabke/Paju loc. cit. only recently considered that the simultaneous carburization of steel and alloying up with boron was impossible.
  • the boron source consisting of cheap pulverulent boron oxide, can be mixed with the case hardening agent in annealing with simultaneous carburization.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
US07/421,590 1988-10-22 1989-10-16 Process for annealing boron-containing steels and product thereof Expired - Fee Related US5022933A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3836102 1988-10-22
DE3836102 1988-10-22
DE3917071 1989-05-26
DE3917071A DE3917071C1 (enExample) 1988-10-22 1989-05-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5022933A true US5022933A (en) 1991-06-11

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Family Applications (1)

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US07/421,590 Expired - Fee Related US5022933A (en) 1988-10-22 1989-10-16 Process for annealing boron-containing steels and product thereof

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5022933A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0365985A1 (enExample)
KR (1) KR910008148A (enExample)
DE (1) DE3917071C1 (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997040205A1 (en) * 1996-04-24 1997-10-30 Arch Development Corporation Lubricated boride surfaces
ES2188401A1 (es) * 2001-10-10 2003-06-16 Linares Fernanda Ruiz Acero en su composicion hidrogeno
US20050064097A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2005-03-24 Jacobus Van Enckevort Wilhelmus Johannes Method of forming a diamond coating on an iron-based substrate and use of such an iron-based substrate for hosting a CVD diamond coating
CN102963902A (zh) * 2012-11-14 2013-03-13 陕西科技大学 一种层状形貌硼酸晶体材料的制备方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2126379A1 (de) * 1971-05-27 1972-12-07 Degussa Verfahren zum Borieren von Metallen, insbesondere von Stahl
GB1435045A (en) * 1973-08-10 1976-05-12 Hughes Tool Co Wear resistant boronized surfaces and boronizing methods
DE2703149A1 (de) * 1976-01-28 1977-08-04 Ugine Aciers Borhaltige staehle
DE3312205A1 (de) * 1982-04-03 1983-10-20 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Osaka Borhaltiger stahl und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
JPS60128247A (ja) * 1983-12-16 1985-07-09 Ube Ind Ltd 破粉砕機部材用の高靭性耐摩耗鋳鋼
US4615749A (en) * 1984-02-18 1986-10-07 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Cold rolled dual-phase structure steel sheet having an excellent deep drawability and a method of manufacturing the same

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1671870A (en) * 1926-02-27 1928-05-29 Taylorwharton Iron And Steel C Method of treating manganese steel
US4666535A (en) * 1986-04-15 1987-05-19 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Method of producing low core losses in oriented silicon steels

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2126379A1 (de) * 1971-05-27 1972-12-07 Degussa Verfahren zum Borieren von Metallen, insbesondere von Stahl
GB1435045A (en) * 1973-08-10 1976-05-12 Hughes Tool Co Wear resistant boronized surfaces and boronizing methods
DE2703149A1 (de) * 1976-01-28 1977-08-04 Ugine Aciers Borhaltige staehle
DE3312205A1 (de) * 1982-04-03 1983-10-20 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Osaka Borhaltiger stahl und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
JPS60128247A (ja) * 1983-12-16 1985-07-09 Ube Ind Ltd 破粉砕機部材用の高靭性耐摩耗鋳鋼
US4615749A (en) * 1984-02-18 1986-10-07 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Cold rolled dual-phase structure steel sheet having an excellent deep drawability and a method of manufacturing the same

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Werner, "Steps in Annealing", Bor-und borlegierte Stahle, Boron and Boron Containing Steels, pp. 31, 32, 35.
Werner, Steps in Annealing , Bor und borlegierte Stahle, Boron and Boron Containing Steels, pp. 31, 32, 35. *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997040205A1 (en) * 1996-04-24 1997-10-30 Arch Development Corporation Lubricated boride surfaces
US5840132A (en) * 1996-04-24 1998-11-24 Arch Development Corporation Lubricated boride surfaces
ES2188401A1 (es) * 2001-10-10 2003-06-16 Linares Fernanda Ruiz Acero en su composicion hidrogeno
US20050064097A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2005-03-24 Jacobus Van Enckevort Wilhelmus Johannes Method of forming a diamond coating on an iron-based substrate and use of such an iron-based substrate for hosting a CVD diamond coating
US7132129B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2006-11-07 Stichting Voor De Technische Wetenschappen Method of forming a diamond coating on an iron-based substrate and use of an iron-based substrate for hosting a CVD diamond coating
CN102963902A (zh) * 2012-11-14 2013-03-13 陕西科技大学 一种层状形貌硼酸晶体材料的制备方法
CN102963902B (zh) * 2012-11-14 2014-10-29 陕西科技大学 一种层状形貌硼酸晶体材料的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR910008148A (ko) 1991-05-30
EP0365985A1 (de) 1990-05-02
DE3917071C1 (enExample) 1990-04-19

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Owner name: THYSSEN EDELSTAHLWERKE AG, A CORP. OF FED. REP. OF

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BRANDIS, HELMUT;HUCHTEMANN, BERND;SCHULER, PETER;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:005280/0590

Effective date: 19891206

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Effective date: 19950614

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Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362