US498674A - Telegraph - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

D. MURRAY.

PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

Pa'tnted May am 1893.

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(No Model.) -7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

D. MURRAY. I PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

Patented May 30, 1893.

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"m: NORRIS FEIERS an. mom-LTTHQ, vqunma'mn, o. c,

' 7 Sheets-Sheet a.

(N0 Model.)

. 1),. MURRAY. PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

' Patented May '0, 1893- 9. 7 4 JW; 6 9 7 4 A II- 7rd Z \v '6 8 w a i J ilm-'1 2 v i av uV/A l/llffl 3471/!!! I? INVENTOR WITNESSES:

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(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 D. MURRAY.

PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No, 498,674. Patented MJay'SO, 1893 l m L I\ Y /I 4 2 //0 61 a 11 WITNESSES. INVENTOH' BY a A 77'0RNEYS.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

D. MURRAY.

I PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No. 498,674. Patented May 30, 1893.

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(No M odeI.) '7 sneen esneezt 'e;

. D. MURRAY.

} PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No. 498,674. Patented May 30, 1-893.

WITNESSES:

v VVEN TOH I i F I I v A TTOHN E Y S.

(N0 Model.) 7 ShQGtS ShBGt 7.

D. MURRAY PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

N0. 4:98.674. Patented May 80,1893.

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UNITED STATES,

PATENT O-F ICE.

DONALD MURRAY, OF SYDNEY, NET/V SOUTH WALES.

PRINTING-TELEGRAPH.

SPEGIFIGATIONfOrming part of Letters Patent No. 498, 74, dated May 30, 1893.-

Application filed November 2,1892. serial No. 450.711. (No'motleL) To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, DONALD-MURRAY, of Sydney,- New South Wales, have invented a new and Improved Printing-Telegraph, of. whichothe following is description.

My inventionrelates' to improvements-in printing telegraph apparatus, and is designed,

by means of atransmitting device provided with an ordinary keyboard, such as the Remington, to operate at a distant station anyor dina-ry typewriter, or other keyboard machine, such as a type setting machine, the

Rogers typograph, or Mergenthalers lino tv e. r

v The object of the invention, as illustrated and described in the accompanying specification, is to transmit any one of the thirtytwo positivecombinations of five short positive and negative currrents corresponding in duration to the-Morse dot toan interpreting instrument at a distant station, consisting of thirty two elements, one only of which is completely unlocked by an'ygiven combination of currents, and being unlocked, makes electricalcontact and operates a given'electro- 7 writer.

magnet and corresponding key of a type- The apparatus embodying my invention, may, however, be provided with a greater number of combinations and of positive and negative currents, as hereinafter described.

The object of the invention is to fulfill the following conditions: .first, to use only ordinary telegraph currents capable ofbeing relayed and subject to all the conditions of ordinarytelegraphy; second-to operate'at a distance any ordinary ty'pewriting-machine or any type setting or similar machine; third I to be able to transmit at least eighty different characters; fourth-to work atthe utmost speed permitted by the manual dexterily of the operator working at a transmitting keyboard in aILrespects like that of an ordinary typewriter keyboard; and fifthto dispense with all clockwork controlling mechanism, synchronously moving type wheels and other slow and cumbersome devices.

The invention consists practical'ly of a duplication of two very simple elements, viz: first-a transmitting element, which, by the depression of a key, transmitsa certain coma full, clear, and exact nections with the entire apparatus.

the shift key mechanism.

bination of five short positive and negative currents; and second--an interpreting ele ment, by the passage through which of a given combination of positiveandnegative currents, a spring or lever is released and makes electrical contact, thus energizing a particutype key.

interpreter, and these combined and with a. p shift key device, a typewriter, and a battery all suitably connected, comprise the essential features of the invention. Reference is to behad-to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar figures and lettersof refera ence indicate correspondingparts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a diagram of the complete apparatu s,,showing two connected stations. Fig. 2 is a diagram of thetransmitter. Fig. 3 is a cross section through the transmitter on the line 33 in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a broken plan Fig. 5 is a detailcross sectionon the line 55 in Fig. 3, showingthe of the transmitter.

arrangement of the transmitter contact .but-

ton and the commutator. Fig. 6 is a diagram of the interpreting instrument. Fig. 7 is an 3 enlarged vertiealsection of the interpreting instrument, on the line 77 in Fig. 10. Fig. 8 is a detail front elevation of a modified means of moving the interpreting rack and quadrant. Fig. 9 is a cross section on. the line 9'9 in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a broken plan view of the interpreter. Fig. 11 is an enlarged detail plan of the switch which is arranged in the main line and controls the con- Fig. 12 is a diagram of the shift key mechanism. Fig. 13 is a broken detail plan of the shift key mechanism. Fig. 14: is a broken detail section on the line 141et in Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a detail perspective view of one of the pawls which look the slide board or plate of Fig. 16 is a modified form of mechanism for operating the typewriter keys, this construction beingadapted for use in machines having a great number of keys, and in which considerable power is necessary to actuate the keys. a modified form of apparatus for controlling Fig. 17 is shifting the typewriter carriage, although the "carriage may be shifted by hand as hereinafter described, a main switch 14, controlling the several circuits, a galvanometer which indicates whether or not a current is passing through the main line, and a signal bell 16. I

Abattery A is arranged at'station 1, and a battery Aat station 2. I

The general operation of the apparatus Will be described, to make its principle thoroughly- I understood, after which thedetails of the different mechanisms will be fullyexplained.

Upon depressing the key of the transmitter 10 at station 1, the circuit is completed and a current passes from the battery A,

through the Wire a, the wireb, the switch 14,

, the ,wire 0, the transmitter 10, the wire d,'the

' the wire h, the transmitter 10 and the wires.

-main line 6, through the switch 14 at station2,

the wire f, the interpreter 11 at'station 2, the wires g, h and t' to the earth, from the earth through the wire 2' at station 1 backthrough p and p, and the wirem to the battery A. Along thiscircuit, by the internal construction of the transmitter which will be hereinafter described, a combination of five short positive and negative currents is sent to the interpreter 11 at station No. 2. By the construction of the interpreter, which will also he'described later, this given combination of five currents completes the circuit'from the battery A, through the wire a, the wire 19, the switch 14 at'station 2, the wire 3', the interpreter 11, the wire and the wires Z, m, back to the battery A. This local circuit, by the operation of the interpreter, sends a current along one of the thirty-two pairs of wires 01 connecting the interpreter with the shift key mechanism 12, so as to operate said mechanism, and from said shift keymechanism the current goes over one of the eighty four wires, first to the typewriter 13, where it operates a type keycorresponding' to the transmitter key which was depressed. This process is repeatedevery time the key of the transmitter is depressed. One of the transmit-ter keys operates the space key of the typewriter and three other transmitter keys operate the shift key mechanism 12, shifting 'to capitals, lower case, or figures as the case may be. When the paper carriage of the typewriter comes to the end of a line,it can either be returned by the attendant at the receiving station, or it may be automatically returned by the mechanism 13, as hereinafter described. The galvanometer 15 on the mainline at each station indicateswhen a currentis passing. The needles of each galvanometer may either indicate by sight whether a current is passing, or by car, by means of a very small bell the faint tinkling of which will be a sufficient indication to the transmitting operator that currents are pass, ing while he operates the keys.

i The next point to be described from the diagram is the method by which the operators at stations 1 and 2 signal to one another to stop or prepare their instruments for receiving. For this purpose it is necessary to describe first'indetail, the construction of the switch 14:. This construction is shown on a large scale and in detail in Fig. 11. A triangular lever 17 is pivoted on the switchboard, as shown at 18, and provided at the end of one arm with a knob 19, by which it may be turned, and this knob or-handle arm moves over a graduated scale 20, which serves to indicate the different positions of the switch, and the switch has another arm arranged to make contacts with the points 21 and 21, which are connected with the wires 0 and j of the transmitter and interpreter 10 and 11.

The switch arm has an insulated cross bar 22 connected with the secondswitch arm 23, which is also pivoted on the switchboard, as shown at: 24, and the free end of this arm 23 is adapted to make contact with the points 25 and 25,con'necting respectively with the wire 'f of the interpreter and the wire at of the transmitter. The switch also connects as already described, with the wire I) which connects with a battery and with the line wire e. On-the pivot 2 1 is alsoa switch 26, which normally swings out. of contact, but which may be pressed against a contact 27, so as to connect through the wire i with the earth. The wire 0" is also adapted to connect-with the A or A, by a switch 28. .It will be seen that this arrangement causes the switches 23 and 17 to be moved together, parallel movements being given to the two switch arms by the cross bar 22.

To work the instrument for signaling, we will suppose that an operator is sending a question from station 1 by-the transmitter to station 2, andthat the attendant at station 2 wishes for some reason to stop it. The latter moves the switch key at station 2 so as to break contact at 21, 21, 25 and 25, and make contact with the line at 25*; the result is,that until the switch 28 next the bell 16 at station 2 is closed, the circuit is broken and the gal- IIO vanometer 15 at station 1 indicates that a curearth and rings the bell at station 2, .thus indicating that he has noticed the signal. He then shifts the shift keyin the switch 14 from the contact points 21 and to the contact points 21 and 25, thus throwing the interpreter into action. 2 on hearing his bell 16 ring, shifts his switch 23 from the contacts 21 and 25 to the contacts 21 and 25, thus throwing his transmitter into action. Station 2 is thus converted into a transmitting station and station 1 into a re-' ceiving station. The attendant at-station 2 can now send the required message through tothe operator at station 1, by means of the transmitter, interpreter and typewriter as previously described. This operation can be performed from either'tend, and though complicated in description is very simple and rapid in practice. embodied in the-switch 14.

When the instruments are not in use'the bells are put in circuit as described. The operator at either station can then call up the other station by pressing the button 26, this operation ringing the bell by closing the circuit through it. If preferred, the interpreters at each-station can be left in the circuit. An

' .operator at either station can thenbyswitchinghis transmitter into the circuit, send a message to the other station, where it will be recorded on the typewriter without an attend ant being present, the process being automatic and only the necessary precaution being taken that a sufficient amount of paper is in the typewriter to receive the message. It will be readily seen too, that if desirable, the'message transmitted, say from station 1 to station 2, maybe recorded on the typewriter at station 1 as well as at station 2, thus preserving a record. This can easily be effected by passing'the current combinations from the transmitter at station 1 through the interpreter there as well as through theinterpreter at station 2. It will be seen that all the alteration necessary will be a slight change in the switchboards, and as this does not atfect the invention it is not shown in the drawlngs.

When the apparatus is used for operating a typesetting or other similar machine, such a machine takes the place of a'typewriter and the mechanism 13 for shifting the current is dispensed with. If the typewriter carriages at both stations are not operated automatically when a message is transmitted, then a small register is needed at each transmitter to count the number of keys depressed and ring the bell when the carriage nears the end of a line. This warns the operator to cease transmitting for a moment until the carriage is returned.

The internal mechanism of the different portions of the apparatus will now be described. The transmitter (see Figs. 3 to 5) is provided with a suitable base 35, having a supporting framework 36 thereon, and in this are vertically sliding key .rods 37, having fin- The attendant at station If'desired, the switch 28 can be Fig. 3) and on the rods are collars 40, which engage the ends of springsi41, and the latter. are curved outward and bent at a right angle and their lower fiat portions 42 carry insulating contact blocks 43, which blocks have I beveled upper portions 44,- adapted to fit against the beveled lower portions 45 ot'the commutators 46, which commutators have inclined upper ends 47 and pairs of V-shaped grooves 48, arranged vertically and parallel with each other.

By reference to Fig. 5, it, will be seen that the contacts 29 and 29 are produced onthe insulating blocks 43, and the several contacts 30, 30 31, 31 32, 32x33, and 34, 34, are I produced in the grooves 48 of the. commutator. The contact points29, 2 3* and the several stationary contacts are connected up in substantially the manner already described, the. contacts 29, and 29 connectingby the wiresd and h, with the wires'd and it, (see Figs. 1 and 2) and the several contacts 7 30, 30 to 34, 34, are connected in parallel by the wires 0 and p with the-wires shown in the diagram Fig.2.

By reference to the diagram Fig.2, it will benoticed that a portion ofthe-stationary contacts are crossed as shown M34, 34* atthe left hand of the diagram, and that the combination of positive and'negativecurrents willdepend upon the numbe-r ofthese connections that are crossed. Consequently when thecontacts 29 and 29 are moved across the contacts-30, 30 to 34, 34, a series of short vibrations are sent over the line wire, which are positive or negative according-as the wire connections of the stationary contacts are crossed or not. connections are crossed, as shown at 34, '34, Fig. 2, the current goes in'the reverse direction to that it does when the-other contacts are made. 1

It may be remarked here that five positive and negative currents are the least number that are of service, for four would only give sixteen combinations, whereas at least thirty are required. Five will give thirty-two combinations, allowing one combination for-operating the space key of a typewriter, and one each for the change to capitals, lower case or figu res. Thereare twenty-eight combinations remaining for transmitting letters or figures. As thereare three shift keys for capitals, lower case and figures, we can multiply these combinations by three, giving eighty-four as the possible number, of letters and figures capable of transmission bythirty-two keys, including three shift keys.

It will'be seen that when the The machine is not -necessarilylimitedto combinations of five positive and negativecurrents, as it willxbe readily seen that six or seven or even more may be used if necessary,

but a greater number of combinations makes the machine too cumbersome and complicated. The action of the transmitter is as follows:

Q -When one of the finger pieces 38-is depressed,

the corresponding key-rod 37 slides downward and the contact block 43 slides down the inclined top surface 47 of the commutator 46, as best shown in Fig. 5, until the block reaches the lower beveled surface 45 of the commu-' tator, which surfaeeit will be seen is arranged at right angles to the top incline 47, and when -34 to 30, and a series of positive and negative vibrations are sent over theline. It is better that the sending contacts be made during the up-stroke ofthe keys, as the spring causes a more even movement to be made automatically than can be produced by hand. The vibrations passfrom the transmitter of one station'to the interpreter of the next as already described, and the action of the interpreter may be understood in a general way by referring to thediagram in Fig. 6. A few elements only of the interpreter arev shown, as they areall alike, and its action will be readily understood. The interpreter is run on a local circuit supplied by a battery B, and it is provided with a series of interpreting electro-magnets 50, therebeing a magnet for each letter or character represented. The main line current passes through these magnets, the current entering through the wiref, and passing successively through the wires f, f f3 and theseveral interpreting magnets, and through the wire 9 to the earth. At each electromagnet 50 is a pair of oppositely polarized detents 51, which are centrally pivoted, as shown at 52, and which have at one end hooks 53 to engage the interpreting quadrants 54,the opposite ends being held to vibrate between the poles of the magnet. As the detents are oppositely polarized, a positive current through the magnet will affect one without affecting the other, and vice versa.

rows of teeth on their upper'surfaces, and the teeth are dissimilarly spaced in each row, and the teeth are also dissimilarly arranged on each quadrant from the arrangement on any other quadrant. The consequence is, that when a current passes from the main line through one of the magnets 50, one lever is attracted upward and the other downward.

Any particular quadrant will only be released by a combination of positive and negative currents corresponding to the arrangement of the teeth on the quadrant, that is,

electro-magnet as rapidly as possible.

The in-' terpreting quadrants 5a are providedwith' supposing the quadrant to have the following combination of teeth, left, right, right, left, right. pletely released by a corresponding combination of positive and negative currents, namely, The action of the current on the leverswill be better understood by reference to Figs. 7 and 10, and the construction of the interpreter will be hereinafter described.

It will be seen that only a certaincombination releases a. quadrant, and the same This quadrant will then onlybecomcombination of currents "may pass through all theother electro-magnets without affect-- ing any other quadrant. The quadrants are supported upon springs 55, and the tension of the springs is such .that when the quadrant is released, it results in a contact being made at 56, and the electric circuit is closed through the wires 19 q, the magnet 57, which is arranged beneath the corresponding key of atypewriter or other keyboard machine, the wire q, the wire a", one leg of a magnet 58, the wire r, the quadrant 54, the spring 55, and the wire 19 back to the battery B. The closing of thisv circuit energizes the lower leg of the magnet 58, which then attracts the springarmature 59. The armature 59'consists of a very light spring adjusted as close as possible to the poles of the electro-magnet 58, without actual contact, in order that it may when attracted, make contact with the poles of the This armature 59 being attracted,-makes contact through the poles of the elect-ro-magnet, and by so doing it closes the alternative circuit through the wires sand 8, one end of the wire .9 being secured to the upper leg of the magnet. Consequently, when the armature 59 is attracted by the lower leg, it makes electrical contact with the upperleg, and the current in addition to closing the alternative circuit, by attracting the armature, has also begun to operate the typewriter electro-magnet 57 and the ,electro-magnet 60. net, as will be subsequently explained, when energized, throws back the interpreting quadrant and allows it to be again caught and retained by the lever detents 51. The result of this is that the line circuit shown by the wires f and g, is broken, and the whole current passes by the-alternative path through the wire 8, the armature 59 and the wire 8', the armature 5!) being retained in contact by the upper leg of the magnet 58. When the armature of the magnet 60, to be subsequently described, makes contact with the poles of the magnet, the current from the battery Bis short circuited, the current passing through the wires 5 and The result is that all the electro-magnets are de-energized, and consequently all the circuits are broken including that made by the armature 59,which being no longer attracted, flies back to its normal position. This action is repeated each time a combination of currents passes through the This latter mag-.

main line. The success of the machinedepends on the rapidity with which this action can take place.

The object of the electro-magnets 58 is to,

enable the magnets 57 and 60 to make a complete stroke. iVithout the magnets 58, and With the current going direct from the wire q (see Fig. 6) to the contact 56, the only result of the quadrant 54 making contact at 56 is to set up a violent buzzing like the trembling of an electric bell. This difficulty may be avoided in differentways, but the arrangement shown is the simplest andb'est.

Fig. 7 shows a single element of the: interpreter, and Fig. 10 shows several elements in plan. Referring to Fig. 7, the details of the connections may be more readily seen. The

construction of the interpreter is also shown in this figure and in Fig. 10, and it will be noticed'ihat the polarized detents 51 are piv- "oted on a supporting base 61, which is-fas:

* currents tilt the detents and release'the quadtened by a screw 62 to. a supporting block beneath. The action of the interpreting quad-, rant is also more clearly seen in Fig. 7, and

it will be'seenthat when the combinations of rant, the spring 55 straightens up and makes contact' with the spring 56, as already de:

scribed. When thecontact is made at 56 (see Fig. 7) the circuit is closed from the battery B, through thewire 19 the wires q and 1', in-

cluding themagnet 57 of the typewriter, the wire 7", the spring 55, the wire s ,the lower leg ofthe magnet58, the wire 3 the magnet 60, the wire 8 and wire 5 back to the battery.

This circuit is like that already described and shown in Fig. 6, butthe connections are shown more in detail. The consequence is that the spri'ng'armature 59 is attracted and makes contact with the poles of the magnet 58 and completes the alternative circuit through theupper coil of the magnet, and

through the magnet 60, as already described.

Owing first, to the almost entire absence of inertia in the armature 59, second-to the very short distances through which it has to 'trauel before. making contact, and third-to the small size of the electro-magnet 58, consisting as to itsbase of two or three coils of coarse wire on a core composed of'a couple of inches ofNo. 8 iron wire, this alternative circuit is established almost instantly the moment the quadrant makes contact with the spring 56. From the instant the quadrant makes contact the electro-magnet 6O begins to be energized and to attract the armature 63, which is secured by means of cranks 64: to a shaft 65, and the shaft is rocked so as to ,tilt the rocking lever 66 and cause its upper insulated end 67 to engage the spring 55 and push the quadrant 54 back into engagement with the locking detents. The upper end of the lever 66 is insulated, as shown at 67, to

prevent short circuiting. The current of the battery B thus short circuits as follows: the

1 wire 8 the armature of the magnet 60, the

weight 63, shaft 65, wire 3, and the wire s to the battery. The electro-magnets, including the magnets 57 which operate the typewriter keys during the period of the attraction of the armature 63, are thus de-energized, the spring armature 59, flies back, breakingthe circuit, and the spring 77 described below, draws the armature 63 away from the magnet 60. The element, is now ready to interpret a fresh combination of currents through the main line.

Theaction described above takes place in each of the thirty-two elements of the interpreter, but it will be understood from the previous description that but one quadrant will be released,-which quadrant has its teeth arranged to correspond with a particular combination ofcurrents which act through the p,

magnet 50 on itspolarized detents 51.

V The shafti65 is arranged at right angles tothe-series of magnets 50 (see Fig."10)and it connects by means of a'pit'm'an 68 and crank 69 with a parallel shaft,65%,arranged adjacent to a second rowofmagnets 60, and it will be understood that any necessary number of shafts maybe connectedin this way, the nu m ber of magnets,pairs of Pdetents and quad rants corresponding with-the number ofcharacte'rs and-shift keys. The interpreter is pro which all the apparatus comprising theiintering in suitablebearings beneath the bed, and

the levers 66 moving in slots 66 in the ;bed..

The several magnets are snpportedon blocks 71 On the upper leg of each rnagnet'fOv is an is a screw,75 on which is a nut 76, and this nut is secured to-the spring 77, the opposite preteris carried, the shafts 65jand 65 turnend of.which is attached to the armature 63,

and by means of the nut the tension of the spring may be very nicely regulated.

The pairs of coils forming the interpreting magnets 50 do not need manyturns of wire to perform the comparatively slight work requiredof them, but as there arethirty-two pairs of them considerable resistance is oltered by them to the feeble. currents coming over a long stretch of the main line. The local battery does not come into use till the work of the main line current is done and the quadrants are released, when it is at libertyto be used 'for relaying the. main line current to operate the interpreting magnets. When the spring 55 is used to support the quadrant 54, it is provided with a turned-up flange 55 at the bottom, through which a fasteningscrew '78 extends, (see Fig. 7). and a second screw videdwith a suitable supporting bed 70, on

79 extends up through the bed 70 and impinges on the flange of the spring so that by turning the screw, the position of the spring may be adjusted to enable it to have the correct tension.

In Figs. 8 and 9, I have shown means for supporting the interpreting quadrants which is more reliable than the spring 55, but I do not confine my invention to the use of either of the forms of mechanism shown. case, the quadrant 54 is secured to an arm 80, which terminates at one end in a sleeve 81 held loosely on the shaft 65 or 65* as the case may be. The sleeve 81 has a shoulder 82 on one side adapted to engage the free end of a spring 83, which is secured to anadjacent.

support 84. A crank 84? is secured to the shaft 65, and is also bent'toextend parallel with-the shaft and oppositethe arm 80. Then the detents 51 are released in the manner already described, the tension of the spring 83 throws the sleeve 81 around and swings the arm 80 in a manner to carry the quadrant 54' into engagement with the contact 56. hen the shaft 65 is returned by meansof a mechfanism substantiallylike the armature 63 and magnet 60, the crank 81 strikes'the arm 80 and carries the quadrant back into engagedevice is not necessary.

mentwith the detents.

The next thing to be described is the shift keyniechanism. 'In the case of typewriters likethe Hammond, which have shift keys for both capitals and figures, a separate shift key :iut what is needed is an electro-magnet to Operate the capital shift key, another to operate the figure shift key,-a-nd a third to bring the machine back to-lower case. In the case of bar-lock and other machines with. seventy or eighty keys, where seventy or eighty large electro-magnets would be a heavy expense and there would be difficulty in finding room for them, the mechanism shown in'Fig. 16 is used. Here, 85 represents a key of the typewriter and 86, a lever which. at one end terminates in a 'sleeve87, held to rotate freely onthe shaft 65. The free end of the lever connects by links 88 and 89 with the key 85. A spring'90 is attached to the lever by a screw 91, and overlaps the sleeve 87, the spring having a pin 92 upon it which entersslots 93 in the sleeve and shaft 65, and when the two register, the pin locks .the lever 86 to the shaft.

WVhen a signal has been interpreted and the interpreter sends a current through the small magnet 9ft, the armature 95 on. the end of the spring 90 is pulled down, and the pin is forced into the recess 93 in the shaft and sleeve; The device is arranged so that by the contact of the armature 95 with the magnet 9t,a circuit is closed which energizes a large magnet, such as the magnet alreadydescribed, which magnet is arranged to rotate the shaft in asimilar manner, and consequently motion will be communicated to the typewriter keyoperated.

1n the case of machines like theHam- In this i by springs 105.

mond, with only thirty-two keys arranged in a semicircle, a small ele'ctro-magnet may be provided for each key, and for this purpose an electro-magnet of the iron clad semi-solenoid type, such as shown in Fig.1? is especially applicable. Herethe magnets 96, 96 and 96 are shown with plunger armatures 97, 97 and 97. The plunger 97 is pivoted at the top, as shown at 98, to the capital shift key 99, and the plunger 97 is pivoted in asimilar way to the figure shift key 100. The plunger 97*, whose duty it is to bring the machine back to lower case printing, has at the top a post 101 with studs 102 thereon, between 103 are held. These levers are pivoted at points near the keys 99 and 100, as shown at 104, and on the same pivots are pawls 105,

terminating attheir upper endsin hooks 10G.

The movements of the pawls are limited by shoulders-107 on the lower ends'of the'pawls and studs 108 on thelevers 103, and the pawls are pressed into engagement withuthe keys The keys 99. and 100 are which the free ends of the diverging levers provided with vertical transverse-grooves 109, 5

which thus form catches at the bottom to'engage the hooks of the pawls 105, and the pawls are also adapted to engage the top edges of the keys. The plunger 97% is normally pressed upward by a spring-97, and the other plungers are raised by the ordinary springs of the I keys 99 and 100. Suppose that the key is up'like the key 99, and that the operator wishes to print some figures. I key at theitransmitting station,which sends He depresses a a combination of currents, which by means of thein-terpreter sends a current through the electro-magnet 96",and the latter sucks down the plunger 97 and key 100, and the pawl 105 springs outward so that its hook 106 engages the top of the key and holds it down. The typewriting machine will thus 'be in position to print figures. Then the operator wishes to return to the lower case again ,,..he presses the transmitting key which energizes the electro-magnet 96; the plunger 97 is sucked down, the levers 103 depressed, the stud 108 thrown into engagement with the shoulder 107 of the pawl 105, and the, latter is tilted out of engagement with the key 100 so asto permit the key to rise. If capitals are to be printed the magnet 96 is energized and the key 99 is drawn down and engaged in the manner just described.

For instruments having more than thirtytwo keys, such as bar-1ock',caligrap h and typesetting machines, a different arrangement is necessary. Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the arrangementofcircuitsforthispurpose. 110, is a switchboard which. slides forward and back on a fixed board 111; one of the contact points 112 and 112; is adapted to make contact with the fixed contacts 113, 113 114, 114,

115, 115 The contacts 112, 112, are concontacts connect with wires 0 and 0 leading to the shift key magnet'57. The construction by which this arrangement is carried out is shown in Figs. 13, 14 and 15.

In Fig. 13, I have shown the magnets 116, 117, 118, which form the capital, lower case and figure shift keys. 119 (see Fig. 14) is a stationary board with four rows of contact buttons 120 arranged in groups of three, makmg in all eighty-four contacts corresponding to eighty-four keys of the typewriter. This grouping is not shown in detail, but it will be readily understood. ires it lead from these contacts and are adapted to connect up according to the diagram already described, the

wires being adapted to lead to the electromagnets of the typewriter keys. Beneath the board 119, is a sliding switchboard 121, having' contact springs 122 arranged preferably in four rows with seven in a row, each corresponding to three of the contact buttons in the board 119. Thesesprings are attached to the board by screws123,which project through theboard and are attached on their under sides to spiral f springs 124, which are held above'another stationary board 125, and which connect with wires it and are adaptedto connect with the interpreter in the manner already described. When the board 121 is in the normal positiorncornpleting the circuits printing lower case, the springs 122 make contact with one of the buttons 120, as shown at g min Fig. 14, and when the board is .moved to the left, contact is made with the buttons shown at w, thus shifting the capitals, and when moved to the right, contact is made as shown at 03 thus shifting for figures. The springs 124 allow the necessary freedom of movement. The result of this arrangement is that the twenty-eight wires in the station ary board 125, can be connected with three different sets of wires in the stationary board 119, according to the, position of the board 121.

Referring again to Fig. 13, the mechanism for shifting the board 12l'may be seen in detail. armatures 126, with beveled ends 127 held to move in grooves in side supports 128. EX tending longitudinally across the board is a' rod 129, in the center of which is a stud 130, and this is held to move between two springs 131, which are secured to a support at the side of the board, as shown at 132, and the tension of the springs is such as toact on the stud 130, and hold the board normally in position for lower case printing, that is, with the contact springs 122 on the buttons 120, as shown I at a: in Fig. 14. The switchboard 121 is held in position against the magnet 116 or 118 by one of the pawls 133 or 13%, which are arranged at one side of the switchboard, and which have near their free ends shoulders 135 which engage a notch136 in the si'de'edge of the switchboard. The pawls are pivoted on supports 137 adjacent to the switchboard and are pressed into engagement with the latter by springs 138, which are secured to the'sup- The board has at opposite ends iron ports 128- The pawls 133 and 134 are arranged opposite the magnet 117, and act as armatures, so that when the magnet is energized, the pawls are pulled out of contact with the switchboard. When the typewriter is to be set for capitalsythe magnet 116 is energized, which is done by depressingthe proper shift key on the transmitter at the opposite end of the line, as previously described, and the magnet acting on the armature 126,

pulls the switchboard 121t0 the left"until the tooth or shoulder 135 on the pawl 134, enters the notch 136- in the switchboard, and {the pawls thus serve to hold the switchboard in position for printing capitals, that is, it holds the contact springs 122 upon the buttons 120, as shown at m, and the capital shift key'of the ty'pewriting machine is actedupon in'the manner alreadydescribed. If figures-areto be printed, the magnet 118 is energized 'iu'ihe' manner above explained, and the switchboard 121 is pulled to the right, thus shifting i the contact springs onto the buttons 120, as

shown at :0 and sending the current-through the figure shift key magnets, as96P, so thatv the typewriter is set to print figures." It willbe seen then that the mechanism shown in Figs.

13 and 14, is adapted to workby s'hiftingthe currents through theseveral magnets so, as to switch the circuit through eitherof the key controlling magnets of the typewriter or other keyboard machine, and the whole affair is controlled by the transmitter at the opposite end of the line. v v The typewriter paper returning mechanism,

marked 13*.in the diagram, is shown clearly in Fig. 18. This is not a very essential part of the invention, as the attendant at; the receiving station can return thepaper carriage, but if it is desired to have the action at the receiving station completely automatic, suitable mechanism for the purpose can easilybe arranged on some such principle as the fol-. lowing: 1n the bar lock capital typewriters,

one motion of the lever both turns the paper 'to a fresh line and returns the carriage ready.

to start at the beginning of anotherline. In any of the typewriters a cord or chain can be arranged so that on being pulled through a certain distance, it will perform the main operation of turnin'ga line and returning the carriage, acting similarly to the'cord and spring barrel on most typewriting machines.

Consequently themechanism required is simply such as will wind upa cord, for, say, twelve inches, and then leave it free to unwind again until the twelve inches are paid out, when the device m ust again automatically start to wind,

and so on.

. clearly shown.

In Fig. 18, an arrangement for doing this is O, is the battery for actuating the parts, and 139 is a ratchet wheel secured to a shaft 140, which is journa'led in a suit-able supporting frame 140. On the same aXle is a winding drum 141, shown by dotted lines in Fig. 18, and to this drum is secured the operating cord 142, which is adapted to be wound upon and unwound from the drum. Near the ratchet wheel and on a lower plane, is a magnet 143, which actuates an armature 144 aboveit, and this armature is secured to a click lever 145 which is pivoted at one end,

. as shown at 146, and is adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchetwheel, and turn it by a step-by-step movement. The armature and click lever are normally held up by'a spring 147, which is secured to a stud 148 and held beneath the stud 149, and the pressure of the spring throws'the click-lever upward into contact with a contact stud 147, so as to close a circuit which will be described below.

The "ratchet Wheel is held from turning in the wrong direction by a pawl 150, which is pivoted near its center, as shown at 151, and is pressed into engagement with the ratchet wheel by a spring 152, and the pawl has an outwardly-extending shank which is restricted in its. movement between studs 153 and 153, the latter serving also asa fastening for the spring 152. On the same pivot 151 with the pawl, is a lever 154, which at its upper end is forked, as shown at 155, so as to receive the operating cord 142. The'cord is pro- .vided with buttons 156, which are spaced so below.

The operation of the winding device is as follows: When the typewriter carriage approaches the end of a line and the cord 142 i has been unwound from the drum, one of the buttons 156 strikes the lever 154 and throws it over from theinsulated contact block 158 to the block 157. The click-lever 145 being in contact with the stud 147, and'the lever 154 on the block 158, the following circuit is maintained: from the battery 0 through the wire '4), the click lever 145, the contact 147 the wire 4), the lower leg of a magnet 159 which is arranged in connection with the apparatus, the wire 0 ,1116 wire '0 out to the transmitter or line, and the wire o back to the battery. The current passing through one leg of the magnet 159, draws the spring armature 160 of said magnet against the poles of the magnet.- When the lever 154 is carried by the button 156 from the block 158 to the block 157, another circuit is established, which is as follows: from the battery 0 through the wires 1;

and w, the contact block 157 the lever 154, the

wire 10', the upper leg of the magnet 159, the armature 160, the wire 2.0 the magnet 143, and the wires 12 and o to the battery. Although the resistance of this alternative or last circuit is considerably greater than on the other, still sufficient electricity passes through the magnet 143 to just break contact of the lever 145 with the stud 147. The whole of the current then passes over the second circuit and through the magnet 143,- which powerfully attracts the armature 144, and the click lever 145 pulls round the ratchet wheel. When the armature makes contact with the magnet 143, the current short circuits as follows: from the battery 0 through the wire '22, the lever 145, the armature 144, the magnet 143, the'core of the magnet, the wire 10 and the wires v ando to'the battery. If the wires'on this new circuit are short and stout, practically the whole of the currentwill pass over it, and the electro- magnets 143 and 159 willbe de-energized and their armature-s released. The spring armature 160 being released, breaks the circuit and allows the lever 145 to be raised again .into contact with the stud 147. When the lever 145 comes in contact with thestud a circuit visagain established through the lower 5 leg of the mag-net 159; the armature 160 is again attracted and the operation above described takes place again, so that the ratchet wheel is pulled around sufficiently to wind the cord 142.

upon it. i

From the foregoing description, and the description'ofthe method of operation given in the earlier part of the specification, the invention Will be clearly understood.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. An apparatus of the character described, comprising a keyboard machine such as a typewriter or a type-setting machine, a transmitter adapted to send vibrations overa wire and an interpreter connected with the transmitter and keyboard machine, the interpreter comprising a series of electro magnets adapted to connect with the transmitter, circuit closing swinging toothed quadrants arranged adjacent to the magnets and adapted, when released, to close a circuit through the keys of a keyboard machine, and locking detents arranged to contact with the quadrants and hold the same in locked position, the detents being operated by the electro magnets, substantially as described.

2. An apparatus of the character described, comprising keyboard machines such as typewriters or type setting machines arranged at opposite ends of a line, an interpreting machine at each end of the line, electro-magnetic means for operating the keys of thekeyboard machines, an electrically operated switch or shift key mechanism adapted to send the current through certain keys of the keyboard machine, electrical connections between the shift key switch and the interpreter, atransmitter arranged at each end of the line and connected with the interpreter'at the opposite end of the line, the transmitter being adapted to send for'each character represented a certain combination of positive and negative currents, and automatic means arranged within the interpreter and actuated by the combination of positive and negative currents whereby the shift key switch is operated so as to actuate the corresponding key of the keyboard machines, substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus of the character described, the transmitter comprising a com mutator or board having a series of contacts thereon, arranged in pairs and with direct and crossed connections with the line, and a key operated insulated contact block carrying contact points adapted to move over the pairs of contacts on the commutator and close the circuit through the same, substantially as described.

4. In an apparatus of the character described, a transmitter, comprising a commutater having rows of stationary contacts thereon arranged in pairs and connected in parallel with certain of the connections crossed,

and a sliding key-operated contact block having contacts thereon toengage the stationary contacts and .close the circuit through the same,the contact block being adapted to move over the commutator on the up-stroke of the key, substantially as described.

5. In an apparatus of the character described, the transmitter comprising a commutator having on one side parallel rows of stationary contacts connected .in parallel with the line and having a portion of the connections crossed, the commutator having its top surface inclined and its lower surface inclined at right angles to the inclination of the top surface, a key'held to slide adjacent to the commutator, and a contact block having a spring connection with the key and carrying contacts adapted to connect with a source of electricity, the contact block being arranged to move downward on one side of the commutator and to slide inward and move upward so as make contact with the contacts of the commutator, substantially as described.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, the interpreter, comprising a series of electro-magnets corresponding with the number of keys in a keyboard machine with which the interpreter is connected, the interpreter being also adapted to connect with the line wire, a series of circuit closing quadrants having teeth thereon, the teeth of each quadrant being arranged in a different combination from those of any other quadrant, and looking detents pivoted adjacent to the poles of the electro-magnets and held to normally engage and lock the quadrants,substantially as described.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, the interpreter, comprising a series of electro-magnets adapted to connect with a line, circuit closing and swinging quadrants arranged adjacent to the electro-magnets and adapted when released to close the circuit through mechanism for operating a key of a keyboard machine such as atypewriter, each quadrant having a series of teeth thereon arranged in a dilferent combination from the teeth of any other quadrant in the series, swinging detents adapted to be actuated by the electro-magnets and held to engage the teeth of the quadrants, and electrically and automatically rotated shafts adapted to be set in motion by the closing of the circuit; in which the quadrants are arranged andcarrying mechanism to return the quadrants to locked position, substantially asdescribed.

8. In apparatus of 'thecharacter described, the interpreter, comprising a series of electromagnets adapted to connect with aline,"swin'ging quadrants arranged adjacent to and opposite the magnets andadapted to swing and close the circuit through key-operating mechanism of a keyboard machine such as a type- Writer, the quadrants having each rowof teeth arranged in combinations dissimilar to the combinations of teeth on any other quadrant, and polarized detents arranged in pairs opposite each electro-magnet, the detents having hooks at one end to engage the teeth of the quadrant and hold the same locked, and their opposite ends held to swing between the polesof the magnets,substantially as described.

9. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of the interpreter magnets, the swinging quadrants held loosely on a shaft and arranged to swing opposite the magnets, the quadrants being pressed'by a spring and adapted to close a circuit through key-operatingmechanism of a keyoperated machine such as a typewriter, rows of teeth produced upon eachquadrant so that each quadrant has a different combina tion of teeth from that of any other, polarized detents arranged in pairs to engage the teeth of the quadrants, the detents beingie, leased by combinations of currents in the magnets, and returning cranks secured'to the shafts and adapted. on a movement of the shaft to engage and swing back the quadrants into engagement with the detents, substantially as described.

10. In an apparatusof the character described, the interpreter, comprising a series of electro-magnets adapted to connect with the line, swinging circuit closing quadrants arranged opposite the magnets and adapted to close a circuitthrough key-operating mechanism of a keyboard machine such as atypewriter, the quadrants having rows of teeth thereon arranged in different combinations for each quadrant, polarized detents arranged in pairs to hold the quadrants in lockedposition, the detents being released by certain combinations of currents in the electro-magnets, a second series of electro-magnets arranged in a shunt circuit and adapted to hold the circuit closed through the released quadrant and the connected key-operating mech anism until a character is printed, an electro magnet arranged in a local circuit and adapted to return the released quadrant to a locked position and break the circuit through the key operating mechanism, and automatic mechanism for short circuiting the interpreter and cutting out the interpreting mechanism, substantially as described.

11. In an apparatus of the character described,the combination, with the shift keys of a keyboard machine such as a typewriter, of a series of magnets arranged beneath the keys and in an electrical circuit, the armatures of the magnets being pivotally connected with the upper case and figure shift keys of the machine, and the, lower case magnet being arranged between the upper case and figure magnets, locking pawls arranged adj acent to the upper case and figure keys and adapted to engage the keys when depressed,

and levers operatively connected with the armature'of the lower case magnet and adapted by the depression of the magnet to release the locking pawls, substantially as described.

12. In an apparatus of the character described, the shift key mechanism comprising electro-magnets arranged to operate the keys of a keyboard machine such as atypewriter, a series of stationary contacts connected electrically with the magnets of the keyboard machine, a movable switchboard connected with a source of electricity and having contact springs to touch the stationary contacts, electro-magnets arranged to operate armatnres at opposite ends of the switchboard so as to move the latter, locking armature pawls held at one edge of the switchboard and adapted to engage the same and hold it in engage-. ment with either of the electro-magnets at its ends, and a third electro-magnet arranged in an electric circuit and adapted when energized to release the pawls, substantially as described.

13. In an apparatus of the character described, the shift key switching mechanism, comprising a series of contact buttons arranged in groups and adapted to connect electrically with magnets for operating the keys of a keyboard machine such as a typewriter, a sliding switchboard having spring contacts connected with a source of electricity and adapted to touch the stationary contact buttons, the board having armatures at its opposite ends, magnets arranged opposite the armatures of the board and adapted when energized to slide the board, springs arranged to engage the stud on the board and hold it normally in a central position so as to connect with the lower case operating mechanism of the keyboard machine, locking armature pawls pivoted at one side of the switchboard and adapted to engage the same and hold it against either of the end magnets, and a third magnet arranged opposite the armature pawls and adapted when energized to move the same and release the board, substantially as described. a

14. In an apparatus of the character described, the carriage returning mechanism, comprising a revoluble shaft having a drum thereon, a cord secured to the drum and adapted to connect with the carriage of a machine, I

spaced buttons secured to the cord, a ratchet wheel secured to the same shaft with the winding drum, an electro-magnet arranged adjacent to the ratchet wheel, a springlrepressed armature lever held opposite the magnet and adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel, contact blocks arranged "adjacent to the cord, one being connected with a source of electricity, and the swinging lever pivoted adjacent to the ratchet wheel and having a forked end to embrace the cord and extend into the path of the buttons thereon,

the lever being also arranged to engage the contact blocks and make and break the circuit with the ratchet-operating electro-m'agnet, substantially as described.

DONALD MURRAY.

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