US4881233A - Laser with improved cooling system - Google Patents

Laser with improved cooling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US4881233A
US4881233A US07/209,708 US20970888A US4881233A US 4881233 A US4881233 A US 4881233A US 20970888 A US20970888 A US 20970888A US 4881233 A US4881233 A US 4881233A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
laser according
slab
laser
solid material
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Expired - Lifetime
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US07/209,708
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Peter von Arb
Ulrich Durr
Andre Gressly
Franz Studer
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Lasag AG
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Assigned to LASAG AG, STEFFISBURGSTRASSE 1, 3600 THUN / SWITZERLAND reassignment LASAG AG, STEFFISBURGSTRASSE 1, 3600 THUN / SWITZERLAND ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DURR, ULRICH, GRESSLY, ANDRE, STUDER, FRANZ, VON ARB, HANS-PETER
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
    • H01S3/0606—Crystal lasers or glass lasers with polygonal cross-section, e.g. slab, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/02—Constructional details
    • H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
    • H01S3/042—Arrangements for thermal management for solid state lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/0915—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light
    • H01S3/092—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light of flash lamp
    • H01S3/093—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light of flash lamp focusing or directing the excitation energy into the active medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/02—Constructional details
    • H01S3/025—Constructional details of solid state lasers, e.g. housings or mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/02—Constructional details
    • H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
    • H01S3/0407—Liquid cooling, e.g. by water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08095—Zig-zag travelling beam through the active medium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to optical pumped lasers the active medium of which is composed of a slab.
  • Lasers of this type have a solid active medium having at least two carefully polished parallel faces between which the light beam is propagated along a zig-zag path due to the total reflection from these faces.
  • the thermal energy arising during the laser process must be removed from the faces of the slab.
  • the optical pumped energy needed to produce the laser effect can be introduced into the slab from any direction, provided that it is distributed in homogenous manner, or that non-homogeneous distribution of this energy in the laser medium is eliminated by appropriate guiding of the laser beam.
  • the zig-zag path resulting from total reflection of the beam from the faces is obtained by suitable choice of this type and position of the end faces of the slab in relation to the optical axis thereof and the optical axis of the resonator. Moreover, these end faces can in themselves constitute the resonator.
  • the construction of lasers of this type poses a difficult cooling problem since currently, in the best possible case, only a few percent of the energy supplied to the slab are transformed into energy emitted from the laser beam. This problem is all the more difficult to resolve since the previously proposed solutions cause incompatibility in respect of the liquids used to remove excess heat developed in the laser slab.
  • the enclosure containing the gas must be sealed and its thickness chosen with precision along the entire area of the total reflection faces. Since this thickness is of the order of the dimension of the wavelength of the laser beam, the manufacturing difficulties related to the construction of such an enclosure can easily be imagined, particularly in the case of large laser slabs.
  • the gas must have as high as possible a coefficient of thermal conduction, helium being the most suitable in this case. There are, however, complications in the use thereof.
  • the gas can also cause some soiling of the total reflection faces.
  • the invention thus provides an optical pumped laser in which the laser medium is formed by a slab having at least two opposing faces between which the laser beam developed is propagated along a zig-zag path by total reflection from these faces, this laser being provided with means for cooling said parallel faces and being characterized in that it also has a layer of solid material applied to each of these parallel faces respectively, this solid material having a refractive index lower than that of the slab and being at least indirectly in heat exchanging relationship with a cooling fluid.
  • a cooling system for a laser slab devised in this manner combines the advantages of the two methods formerly used whilst eliminating the disadvantages.
  • the solid layer can be formed in such a way as to possess an excellent heat transfer coefficient, thus making an important contribution to improved cooling of the slab.
  • the solid layer can be in direct contact with the cooling liquid and form on its own protection against the deleterious effects of the liquid. It is also possible to superimpose on the solid layer other protective layers or layers possessing predetermined optical properties (antireflective, for example).
  • the other layers can be deposited by physical or chemical means or held mechanically against the first solid layer.
  • all the layers can be optimized for the transmission of the pumped energy if the total reflection faces are also the faces of the slab through which the pumped energy is introduced into the slab.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial view of a transverse section on a large scale of a laser manufactured according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows a very schematic perspective view of a laser of the invention, showing the superposition of several layers onto the total reflection faces of the laser slab;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view on a small scale of this same laser
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 are partial or complete sectional views of the laser taken along the lines III--III to VIII--VIII respectively of FIG. 2 and drawn to different scales.
  • FIGS. 1 and 1A show the main features of the invention.
  • a slab constitutes the medium in which the laser effect is developed.
  • this slab 1 has a rectangular section with two main faces 2a and 2b which are, in this case, the pumping faces and the total reflection faces for conferring a zig-zag path to the beam F produced.
  • the slab also has two lateral faces 3a and 3b and two end faces 4a and 4b (FIG. 2).
  • these latter are cut into the slab 1 more or less at the Brewster angle ( ⁇ ) in order to reduce losses.
  • the end faces may, however, also be straight or inclined at 180°-2 ⁇ in relation to the optical axis of the laser.
  • each of the main faces 2a and 2b is provided with at least one solid layer 5 (FIG. 1 in particular) the refractive index of which is lower than that of the slab 1.
  • This layer is transparent to pumped light and has a good heat transfer coefficient. In addition it protects the slab from the cooling liquid as will become apparent later on.
  • the table set out below lists the materials that can be used to form the layer 5 in combination with the conventional materials from which the slab 1 can be made. These latter materials can be arbitrarily divided into two categories. The one of low refractive index and the other of high refractive index. In the former case, stoichiometric vitreous materials can be used, that may be doped, or metal halide crystals. In the second case, the material of the slab 1 can, for example, be a garnet or a metal oxide crystal.
  • an optimum couple for the material of the slab and the material of layer 5 can be selected from those shown in the table.
  • the thickness of the layer 5 is preferably selected between 3 and 0.1 mm, being the operating wavelength used by the laser. It may be applied against the corresponding face 2a, 2b by any suitable physical or chemical process known to the person skilled in the art.
  • layer 5 may be doped with metal ions, for example those of transition metals such as Ti and Cr and/or rare earths such as Er (erbium) or Tm (thulium).
  • a second layer 5a (only shown in FIG. 1A) can be provided over the layer 5 that has just been described, particularly when this is likely to be affected by the cooling liquid.
  • This additional layer 5a may be composed of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO.SiO 2 , BeAl 2 O 4 and other analogous materials, its properties needing to be compatible with a good heat transfer and, in the present case, with excellent transmission of the pumped energy.
  • the layer 5a may be deposited using physical or chemical means onto the first layer 5 (as shown in the drawings) or can be mechanically held thereagainst, in which case the layer 5a is a thin sheet.
  • the second, 5a may be doped with ions of a transition metal or of a rare earth which can be the same as that used for layer 5.
  • a third layer 5b of the anti-reflective type can be provided on the second layer 5a or, if this is not provided on the first layer, in order to improve pumping efficiency.
  • the layer 5a and its anti-reflective layer 5b are deposited on the layer 5.
  • Each foil 6a, 6b preferably overlaps on each side of the slab 1 to a distance equal to or greater than the thickness thereof.
  • the assembly shown in FIG. 1A is placed between two retaining plates 8a, 8b which extend virtually the entire length of the laser and each have a rectangular opening 9a, 9b corresponding generally to the length of the slab 1 whilst its width slightly exceeds the width thereof.
  • the two retaining plates 8a and 8b are fitted on one another in such a way as to press the stack formed of the slab 1 between them with a suitable pressure, and layers 5, 5a and 5b, foils 6a and 6b and a set of seals 10a, 10b ensuring sealing near the periphery of the opening 9a, 9b.
  • the spaces 11a and 11b defined laterally outside the slab 1 are filled with a gas having a low heat transfer coefficient, such as nitrogen or air.
  • Duct-shaped elongated pieces 12a, 12b are fitted into each of the rectangular openings 9a, 9b of the retaining plates 8a, 8b. These ducts define a circulation space 13a, 13b for a cooling fluid such as water and are fixed from the outside to outer mounting plates 14a, 14b of the laser (see, in particular, FIG. 2).
  • the base and the lateral walls of each duct 12a, 12b are so formed as to present reflection faces 15a, 15b preferably furnished with a layer of gold 16a, 16b.
  • a tube 17a, 17b extends into each of the circulation spaces 13a, 13b and has disposed therein a discharge lamp 18a, 18b whilst defining thereabout a circulation conduit 19a, 19b for the cooling liquid for these lamps.
  • each retaining plate 8a, 8b and each outside mounting plate 14a, 14b there are provided two lateral transverse housings 20a, 20b which define said plate about the ducts 12a, 12b a channel 21a, 21b for circulation of a cooling liquid such as water.
  • a lateral connection plate 22 extends along the entire length of the laser in order to permit the supply of cooling fluids to the three circuits with which the laser is equipped for this purpose.
  • the first circuit comprises the spaces 21a and 21b which are joined with an inlet channel 28 (FIG. 5) provided in the lateral plate 22 and an outlet channel passing through this same plate (not visible on the drawings).
  • the inlet channel 28 communicates with the corresponding passages 26 provided in the transverse housings 20a and 20b whilst the outlet channel is connected to the passages 27 also passing through these housings (on the right in FIG. 2).
  • the second circuit has spaces 13a and 13b which communicate by means of passages 24 and 25 respectively provided in the housings 20a and 20b (FIG. 6) with an inlet conduit 23 and an outlet conduit (not visible in the drawing) both passing through the lateral connecting plate 22.
  • the third circuit is that which conveys the cooling liquid from the optical pumping sources 18a and 18b.
  • This circuit has an inlet channel 2 (FIG. 7) and an outlet channel 30 (FIG. 8) provided in the lateral connecting plate 22 as well as inlet 31 and outlet 32 passages provided in the transverse housings 20a and 20b (FIGS. 2, 7, and 8).
  • connection plugs 33 as well as connection plugs 34 are inserted in the transverse housings 20a and 20b (see FIGS. 2 and 8 respectively).
  • the arrangement of the three cooling circuits as described hereinabove makes it possible to select different fluids and differing flow speeds for each circuit so as to permit cooling closely adapted to the corresponding elements to be cooled. It is also possible to achieve a regular temperature gradient between the slab 1 and the exterior parts of the laser mounting.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
US07/209,708 1987-06-22 1988-06-22 Laser with improved cooling system Expired - Lifetime US4881233A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8708791 1987-06-22
FR8708791A FR2616976B1 (fr) 1987-06-22 1987-06-22 Laser avec systeme de refroidissement perfectionne

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US4881233A true US4881233A (en) 1989-11-14

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US (1) US4881233A (ja)
EP (1) EP0296512B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2690324B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE3868546D1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2616976B1 (ja)
HK (1) HK58996A (ja)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4972426A (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-11-20 Asulab S.A. Laser provided with an improved securing arrangement for its active medium
US4993041A (en) * 1989-02-09 1991-02-12 Asulab S.A. Laser provided with an improved securing arrangement for its active medium and securing arrangement intended for the laser
US5012481A (en) * 1990-03-09 1991-04-30 Martin Marietta Corporation Flashlamp line replaceable unit
US5239549A (en) * 1990-09-27 1993-08-24 Hoya Corporation Composite slab laser medium and a laser employing the composite slab laser medium
US5317585A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-05-31 Hughes Aircraft Company Laser reflecting cavity with ASE suppression and heat removal
US5335237A (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-08-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Parasitic oscillation suppression in solid state lasers using absorbing thin films
US5394427A (en) * 1994-04-29 1995-02-28 Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc. Housing for a slab laser pumped by a close-coupled light source
GB2282257A (en) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Support structure in solid state laser apparatus
US5422899A (en) * 1994-05-10 1995-06-06 Premier Laser Systems, Inc. High repetition rate mid-infrared laser
US5555254A (en) * 1993-11-05 1996-09-10 Trw Inc. High brightness solid-state laser with zig-zag amplifier
GB2310532A (en) * 1993-09-24 1997-08-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Solid state laser apparatus
US6307871B1 (en) 1998-09-11 2001-10-23 Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc. Laser system using phase change material for thermal control
US6351478B1 (en) 1998-09-11 2002-02-26 Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc. Passively cooled solid-state laser
US6738399B1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-05-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Microchannel cooled edge cladding to establish an adiabatic boundary condition in a slab laser
US6951411B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2005-10-04 Spectrx, Inc. Light beam generation, and focusing and redirecting device
US20060109878A1 (en) * 2004-11-23 2006-05-25 Rothenberg Joshua E Scalable zig-zag laser amplifier
US20060203866A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-14 Northrop Grumman Laser diode package with an internal fluid cooling channel
US7170919B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2007-01-30 Northrop Grumman Corporation Diode-pumped solid-state laser gain module
EP1833127A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2007-09-12 Osaka University Solid laser module, optical amplifier, and laser oscillator
US20070238219A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-11 Glen Bennett Low stress optics mount using thermally conductive liquid metal or gel
US20080025357A1 (en) * 2006-07-26 2008-01-31 Northrop Grumman Corporation Microchannel cooler for high efficiency laser diode heat extraction
US20080056314A1 (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-03-06 Northrop Grumman Corporation High-power laser-diode package system
US7433376B1 (en) 2006-08-07 2008-10-07 Textron Systems Corporation Zig-zag laser with improved liquid cooling
US7495848B2 (en) 2003-07-24 2009-02-24 Northrop Grumman Corporation Cast laser optical bench
US20090185593A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Northrop Grumman Space & Mission Systems Corp. Method of manufacturing laser diode packages and arrays
US8345720B2 (en) 2009-07-28 2013-01-01 Northrop Grumman Systems Corp. Laser diode ceramic cooler having circuitry for control and feedback of laser diode performance
US8937976B2 (en) 2012-08-15 2015-01-20 Northrop Grumman Systems Corp. Tunable system for generating an optical pulse based on a double-pass semiconductor optical amplifier
US9590388B2 (en) 2011-01-11 2017-03-07 Northrop Grumman Systems Corp. Microchannel cooler for a single laser diode emitter based system

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FR2641421A1 (fr) * 1989-01-03 1990-07-06 Comp Generale Electricite Laser a plaque avec pompage optique par source a plage d'emission etroite
JPH04180682A (ja) * 1990-02-23 1992-06-26 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 固体レーザー装置
US5363391A (en) * 1992-04-24 1994-11-08 Hughes Aircraft Company Conductive face-cooled laser crystal
US5272710A (en) * 1992-09-08 1993-12-21 Hughes Aircraft Company Stress-free mounting and protection of liquid-cooled solid-state laser media
JP5014680B2 (ja) * 2006-06-14 2012-08-29 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 レーザ媒質およびレーザ装置

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Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4972426A (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-11-20 Asulab S.A. Laser provided with an improved securing arrangement for its active medium
US4993041A (en) * 1989-02-09 1991-02-12 Asulab S.A. Laser provided with an improved securing arrangement for its active medium and securing arrangement intended for the laser
US5012481A (en) * 1990-03-09 1991-04-30 Martin Marietta Corporation Flashlamp line replaceable unit
US5239549A (en) * 1990-09-27 1993-08-24 Hoya Corporation Composite slab laser medium and a laser employing the composite slab laser medium
US5317585A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-05-31 Hughes Aircraft Company Laser reflecting cavity with ASE suppression and heat removal
US5335237A (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-08-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Parasitic oscillation suppression in solid state lasers using absorbing thin films
GB2310532A (en) * 1993-09-24 1997-08-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Solid state laser apparatus
GB2282257A (en) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Support structure in solid state laser apparatus
DE4433888A1 (de) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Festkörperlaser und Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung
DE4433888C2 (de) * 1993-09-24 2001-08-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Festkörperlaser mit Kühleinrichtung
GB2282257B (en) * 1993-09-24 1998-02-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Solid state laser apparatus and laser machining apparatus
US5557628A (en) * 1993-09-24 1996-09-17 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Solid state laser apparatus and laser machining apparatus
GB2310532B (en) * 1993-09-24 1998-02-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Solid state laser apparatus
US5646773A (en) * 1993-11-05 1997-07-08 Trw Inc. Solid-state zig-zag slab optical amplifier
US5555254A (en) * 1993-11-05 1996-09-10 Trw Inc. High brightness solid-state laser with zig-zag amplifier
US5394427A (en) * 1994-04-29 1995-02-28 Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc. Housing for a slab laser pumped by a close-coupled light source
AU685593B2 (en) * 1994-05-10 1998-01-22 Bl Acquisition Ii Inc. High repetition rate mid-infrared laser
US6122300A (en) * 1994-05-10 2000-09-19 Premier Laser Systems, Inc. High repetition rate mid-infrared laser
US5422899A (en) * 1994-05-10 1995-06-06 Premier Laser Systems, Inc. High repetition rate mid-infrared laser
US6307871B1 (en) 1998-09-11 2001-10-23 Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc. Laser system using phase change material for thermal control
US6351478B1 (en) 1998-09-11 2002-02-26 Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc. Passively cooled solid-state laser
US6570895B2 (en) 1998-09-11 2003-05-27 Cutting Edge Optronics, Inc. Laser system using phase change material for thermal control
US6951411B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2005-10-04 Spectrx, Inc. Light beam generation, and focusing and redirecting device
US6738399B1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2004-05-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Microchannel cooled edge cladding to establish an adiabatic boundary condition in a slab laser
US7170919B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2007-01-30 Northrop Grumman Corporation Diode-pumped solid-state laser gain module
US7495848B2 (en) 2003-07-24 2009-02-24 Northrop Grumman Corporation Cast laser optical bench
US20060109878A1 (en) * 2004-11-23 2006-05-25 Rothenberg Joshua E Scalable zig-zag laser amplifier
US7280571B2 (en) 2004-11-23 2007-10-09 Northrop Grumman Corporation Scalable zig-zag laser amplifier
EP1833127A4 (en) * 2004-12-28 2010-10-20 Univ Osaka SOLID LASER MODULE, OPTICAL AMPLIFIER AND LASER OSCILLATOR
EP1833127A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2007-09-12 Osaka University Solid laser module, optical amplifier, and laser oscillator
US7466732B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2008-12-16 Northrop Grumman Corporation Laser diode package with an internal fluid cooling channel
US7305016B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2007-12-04 Northrop Grumman Corporation Laser diode package with an internal fluid cooling channel
US20060203866A1 (en) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-14 Northrop Grumman Laser diode package with an internal fluid cooling channel
US7551656B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2009-06-23 Lockheed Martin Coherent Technologies, Inc. Low stress optics mount using thermally conductive liquid metal or gel
US20070238219A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-11 Glen Bennett Low stress optics mount using thermally conductive liquid metal or gel
US20090199389A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2009-08-13 Lockheed Martin Coherent Technologies, Inc. Low stress optics mount using thermally conductive liquid metal or gel
US20080025357A1 (en) * 2006-07-26 2008-01-31 Northrop Grumman Corporation Microchannel cooler for high efficiency laser diode heat extraction
US7957439B2 (en) 2006-07-26 2011-06-07 Northrop Grumman Space & Missions Microchannel cooler for high efficiency laser diode heat extraction
US7656915B2 (en) 2006-07-26 2010-02-02 Northrop Grumman Space & Missions Systems Corp. Microchannel cooler for high efficiency laser diode heat extraction
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0296512A1 (fr) 1988-12-28
HK58996A (en) 1996-04-12
EP0296512B1 (fr) 1992-02-26
JP2690324B2 (ja) 1997-12-10
FR2616976A1 (fr) 1988-12-23
JPH0198281A (ja) 1989-04-17
FR2616976B1 (fr) 1989-10-13
DE3868546D1 (de) 1992-04-02

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