US4880639A - Taste of hens' eggs - Google Patents

Taste of hens' eggs Download PDF

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Publication number
US4880639A
US4880639A US07/233,701 US23370188A US4880639A US 4880639 A US4880639 A US 4880639A US 23370188 A US23370188 A US 23370188A US 4880639 A US4880639 A US 4880639A
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United States
Prior art keywords
hens
eggs
weight
flavorings
fodders
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Expired - Fee Related
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US07/233,701
Inventor
Georg Lauermann
Clemens Thobe
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
    • Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed

Definitions

  • This invention relates to drinking water, mixed feeds, and fodders for laying hens, and to a method for improving the taste of hens' eggs.
  • hens' eggs on sale today come from battery hens or free-range hens. These hens are given mixed feeds and/or fodders prepared under the latest animal nutrition provisions to meet the high demands of maintenance and laying performance of the hens.
  • mixed feeds are understood to be the mixes prepared under the guidelines of German legislation on feedstuffs; all other mixes are referred to as "fodders”.
  • flavorings such as vanilla, saccharin, or sodium glutamate may be added to fodder mixes for hogs (cf. for example Ullmanns Encyclopadie der ischen Chemie 12, 47 (1976)). Such additives improve the fodder intake of the animals.
  • An object of the present invention is to improve the taste of hens' eggs, especially chicken eggs, although the taste of the eggs of other fowl, e.g. ducks and geese, can also be improved in accordance with the invention.
  • hens' eggs have a pleasantly aromatic taste if drinking water, and/or mixed feeds and/or fodders to which essential oils have been added are fed to the laying hens.
  • mixed feed when used in the claims appended hereto includes both mixed feeds and fodders.
  • the present invention relates to mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens based on various types of cereals, which may contain as further constituents by products of cereals, soybean waste, and other protein compounds of vegetable and/or animal origin, fodder fats of vegetable and/or animal origin, minerals, trace elements and/or vitamins, and/or to drinking water for laying hens, wherein the mixed feeds and/or fodders contain from 10 to 6000 ppm of essential oils, and the drinking water contains from 1 to 70,000 ppm essential oils.
  • the cereal by-products include, for example, brans, secondary meals, tapioca meal, cassava meal, alfalfa green meal, and grass meal.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for improving the taste of hens' eggs wherein mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens based on various types of cereals, which may contain as further constituents cereal by-products, soybean waste, and other protein components of vegetable and/or animal origin, fodder fats of vegetable and/or animal origin, minerals, trace elements and/or vitamins, are mixed with 10 to 6000 ppm essential oils, and/or drinking water is mixed with 1 to 70,000 ppm essential oils, and the resulting mixtures are subsequently fed to laying hens.
  • the mixed feeds and/or fodders acccording to the invention preferably contain from 10 to 2,000 ppm essential oils.
  • essential oils are understood to be odoriferous and aromatic substances of complex composition present in plants, more especially in flowers, seeds, fruit shells, leaves and/or stems, pseudo-natural and/or artificial perfumes and flavorings, if desired in combination with flavorings known for use in mixed feeds and/or fodders for hogs, for example vanilla, which give hens' eggs agreeable flavor and odor properties.
  • Pseudo-natural perfumes and flavorings are synthetically prepared and are chemically identical with natural perfumes and flavorings. Artificial perfumes and flavorings, which are also synthetically prepared, differ in their chemical structures from natural perfumes and flavorings, but give hens' eggs flavor and odor characteristics which correspond to the flavor enhancement of hens' eggs obtained with natural and/or pseudo-natural perfumes and flavorings.
  • Essential oils having the odor and flavor characteristics of dandelion, sage, camomile, lavender, fennel, camphor, thyme, lovage, rosemary, tarragon, basil, chervil, and/or savory are preferred as additives for drinking water, mixed feeds and/or fodders.
  • Essential oils having the odor and flavor characteristic of thyme, basil, sage, camomile, lavender, camphor, rosemary, tarragon and/or chervil are particularly preferred.
  • Perfumes and flavorings of natural origin which give hens' eggs agreeable flavor and odor properties can be added to drinking water, mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens in the form of dried plants, if desired in combination with (i.e. mixed with) pseudo-natural and/or artificial perfumes and flavorings and/or flavorings known per se for mixed feeds and/or fodders.
  • natural perfumes and flavorings can be used as such, i.e. perfumes and flavorings are isolated by known physical methods, for example mechanical separation, extraction and/or distillation techniques, from the corresponding parts of plants (Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Chemie, 4th Edition, Vol.
  • the natural perfumes and flavorings can be mixed with pseduo-natural and/or artificial perfumes and flavorings before use.
  • the resulting mixtures can be added to supporting materials, for example vegetable and/or animal fats, powderform supporting substances, such as kaolin, carbonate and phosphate of lime, boll and/or secondary meals, brans, flow and/or pressing aids, and the resulting product mixed, if desired, with flavorings known per se for mixed feeds and/or fodders, and then added with mixing to mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens.
  • the mixture of essential oils consisted of equal parts by weight of natural perfumes and flavorings present in sage, rosemary, thyme, lavender and camphor.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Drinking water, mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens having a content of essential oils for improving the flavor of the hen' eggs.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to drinking water, mixed feeds, and fodders for laying hens, and to a method for improving the taste of hens' eggs.
2. Statement of Related Art
Most of the hens' eggs on sale today come from battery hens or free-range hens. These hens are given mixed feeds and/or fodders prepared under the latest animal nutrition provisions to meet the high demands of maintenance and laying performance of the hens. In the following, "mixed feeds" are understood to be the mixes prepared under the guidelines of German legislation on feedstuffs; all other mixes are referred to as "fodders".
Mixed feeds and fodders for laying hens are often very deficient in their formulation because they only take into account the formation of the eggs and not their taste. Because of this, the eggs of hens fed with such mixed feeds and/or fodders can have an insipid taste, i.e. they lack the characteristic taste of eggs.
It is known that flavorings, such as vanilla, saccharin, or sodium glutamate may be added to fodder mixes for hogs (cf. for example Ullmanns Encyclopadie der technischen Chemie 12, 47 (1976)). Such additives improve the fodder intake of the animals.
It is also known that the feeding of fishmeal, gossypose-containing cottonseed extraction waste, or relatively large quantities of rape extraction waste produces negative changes of odor and taste in hens' eggs (see, for example, G. Gebhardt "Tierernaherung", VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag Berlin (1981)).
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions used herein are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term "about".
An object of the present invention is to improve the taste of hens' eggs, especially chicken eggs, although the taste of the eggs of other fowl, e.g. ducks and geese, can also be improved in accordance with the invention.
It has now surprisingly been found that hens' eggs have a pleasantly aromatic taste if drinking water, and/or mixed feeds and/or fodders to which essential oils have been added are fed to the laying hens. It is understood that the term "mixed feed" when used in the claims appended hereto includes both mixed feeds and fodders.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens based on various types of cereals, which may contain as further constituents by products of cereals, soybean waste, and other protein compounds of vegetable and/or animal origin, fodder fats of vegetable and/or animal origin, minerals, trace elements and/or vitamins, and/or to drinking water for laying hens, wherein the mixed feeds and/or fodders contain from 10 to 6000 ppm of essential oils, and the drinking water contains from 1 to 70,000 ppm essential oils.
The cereal by-products include, for example, brans, secondary meals, tapioca meal, cassava meal, alfalfa green meal, and grass meal.
The present invention also relates to a method for improving the taste of hens' eggs wherein mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens based on various types of cereals, which may contain as further constituents cereal by-products, soybean waste, and other protein components of vegetable and/or animal origin, fodder fats of vegetable and/or animal origin, minerals, trace elements and/or vitamins, are mixed with 10 to 6000 ppm essential oils, and/or drinking water is mixed with 1 to 70,000 ppm essential oils, and the resulting mixtures are subsequently fed to laying hens.
The mixed feeds and/or fodders acccording to the invention preferably contain from 10 to 2,000 ppm essential oils. In the context of the invention, "essential oils" are understood to be odoriferous and aromatic substances of complex composition present in plants, more especially in flowers, seeds, fruit shells, leaves and/or stems, pseudo-natural and/or artificial perfumes and flavorings, if desired in combination with flavorings known for use in mixed feeds and/or fodders for hogs, for example vanilla, which give hens' eggs agreeable flavor and odor properties.
Pseudo-natural perfumes and flavorings are synthetically prepared and are chemically identical with natural perfumes and flavorings. Artificial perfumes and flavorings, which are also synthetically prepared, differ in their chemical structures from natural perfumes and flavorings, but give hens' eggs flavor and odor characteristics which correspond to the flavor enhancement of hens' eggs obtained with natural and/or pseudo-natural perfumes and flavorings.
Essential oils having the odor and flavor characteristics of dandelion, sage, camomile, lavender, fennel, camphor, thyme, lovage, rosemary, tarragon, basil, chervil, and/or savory are preferred as additives for drinking water, mixed feeds and/or fodders. Essential oils having the odor and flavor characteristic of thyme, basil, sage, camomile, lavender, camphor, rosemary, tarragon and/or chervil are particularly preferred.
Perfumes and flavorings of natural origin which give hens' eggs agreeable flavor and odor properties can be added to drinking water, mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens in the form of dried plants, if desired in combination with (i.e. mixed with) pseudo-natural and/or artificial perfumes and flavorings and/or flavorings known per se for mixed feeds and/or fodders. According to the invention, however, natural perfumes and flavorings can be used as such, i.e. perfumes and flavorings are isolated by known physical methods, for example mechanical separation, extraction and/or distillation techniques, from the corresponding parts of plants (Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Chemie, 4th Edition, Vol. 20, page 252 (1981)), and these natural perfumes and flavorings are then added directly to drinking water, feed and/or fodder. Alternatively, the natural perfumes and flavorings can be mixed with pseduo-natural and/or artificial perfumes and flavorings before use. Also, the resulting mixtures can be added to supporting materials, for example vegetable and/or animal fats, powderform supporting substances, such as kaolin, carbonate and phosphate of lime, boll and/or secondary meals, brans, flow and/or pressing aids, and the resulting product mixed, if desired, with flavorings known per se for mixed feeds and/or fodders, and then added with mixing to mixed feeds and/or fodders for laying hens.
The invention will be illustrated but not limited by the following examples.
EXAMPLES
Four laying hens (test animals) kept in a coop were fed with a standard commercially available mixed feed consisting of 16% by weight wheat, 17% by weight corn meal, 12% by weight zein fodder, 3% by weight corn fodder meal, 2.5% by weight zein, 14% by weight extracted soybean waste, 18% by weight cassava meal, 8.08% by weight calcium carbonate, 3% by weight animal meal, 2.5% by weight soybean oil, 1.5% by weight middlings, 1.5% by weight molasses, 0.6% by weight trace element vitamin premix, 0.3% by weight calcium/sodium phosphate and 0.02% by weight dl-methionine (additives per kg: 12,000 IU vitamin A, 2500 IU vitamin D3, 10 mg vitamin E, fat stabilizer (BHT), canthaxanthine; ingredients: 16% by weight crude protein, 0.32% by weight methionine, 4.5% by weight crude fat, 13% by weight crude ash, 3.5% by weight calcium, 0.5% by weight phosphorus, 0.15% by weight sodium; energy value poultry=72), to which 800 ppm of a mixture of essential oils had been added. The mixture of essential oils consisted of equal parts by weight of natural perfumes and flavorings present in sage, rosemary, thyme, lavender and camphor. The perfumes and flavorings isolated by physical methods were applied to rape meal (ratio by weight rape oil to essential oil=9:1) and were added to and mixed in this form with the commercial mixed feed.
Four other laying hens (control animals) likewise kept in a coop were given the same commercially available mixed feed, but without the addition of essential oils. In no case was the intake of feed by the animals affected. After the beginning of feeding, the eggs were collected for the next 14 days, boiled for 4 minutes for organoleptic testing and distributed among 25 people for tasting and evaluation. The tasters did not known whether the eggs came from the test animals or the control animals.
All the tasters judged the taste of the eggs which came from the test animals to be agreeable, aromatic and full-flavored while the taste of the eggs from the control animals was described as insipid.

Claims (5)

We claim:
1. A method for improving the flavor of hens' eggs comprising feeding the hens a mixed feed containing from about 10 to about 6,000 ppm of at least one essential oil.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixed feed contains from about 10 to about 2,000 ppm of at least one essential oil.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one essential oil has the odor and flavor characteristics of one or more of the following: dandelion, sage, camomile, lavender, fennel, camphor, thyme, lovage, rosemary, tarragon, chervil, basil, or savory.
4. A method for improving the flavor of hens' eggs comprising feeding the hens drinking water containing from about 1 to about 70,000 ppm of at least one essential oil.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the at least one essential oil has the odor and flavor characteristics of one or more of the following: dandelion, sage, camomile, lavender, fennel, camphor, thyme, lovage, rosemary, tarragon, chervil, basil, or savory.
US07/233,701 1987-08-20 1988-08-18 Taste of hens' eggs Expired - Fee Related US4880639A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873727735 DE3727735A1 (en) 1987-08-20 1987-08-20 CHICKEN EGG TASTE IMPROVEMENT
DE3727735 1987-08-20

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EP (2) EP0303764B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE68072T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3727735A1 (en)
DK (1) DK43990A (en)
WO (1) WO1989001296A1 (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5012761A (en) * 1988-11-17 1991-05-07 Oh Suk Y Chicken egg having relatively high percentage of long chain fatty acids and method of reducing heart related disease in humans using such eggs
US5133963A (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-28 Shuntaro Ise Method of producing commercially useful poultry products with increased concentrations of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
US5290573A (en) * 1987-08-19 1994-03-01 Holub Bruce J Animal feed supplement
US5741508A (en) * 1993-07-21 1998-04-21 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Feed for livestock and poultry and a method for improving meat and fat obtainable from livestock and poultry using the same
US5882701A (en) * 1995-08-02 1999-03-16 Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. Poultry egg with improved flavor and method of producing
US20030228384A1 (en) * 2000-09-01 2003-12-11 Mitchell Kurk Composition and method for the treatment of personal odors
US6814999B2 (en) 1999-08-24 2004-11-09 Michael Foods, Inc. Enhanced precooked egg product and process for formulation of precooked egg products
FR2871028A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-09 Adisseo Ireland Ltd FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR ANIMALS, COMPRISING AN OLFACTORY ADDITIVE
US7241469B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2007-07-10 Michael Foods, Inc. Formulation and process to prepare a pre-formed filing unit
US7288279B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2007-10-30 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Formulated fried egg product
WO2008023387A2 (en) * 2006-08-23 2008-02-28 Century Biologicals Private Limited Water formulation with herbal hint and a process therefor
US7338681B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2008-03-04 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Process to prepare a premium formulated fried egg
US20110224306A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2011-09-15 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Use of canthaxanthin and/or 25-oh d3 for improved hatchability in poultry

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AU5350590A (en) * 1989-03-28 1990-10-22 Peter Lenauer Additive for food and fodder
CH688172A5 (en) * 1994-10-26 1997-06-13 Crina additive composition as food for poultry.
AT506U1 (en) * 1994-11-22 1995-12-27 Erber Erich Kg FEEDING MATERIALS DRINKING WATER ADDED TO IMPROVE THE STRESS RESISTANCE AND IMMUNITY OF FARM ANIMALS
DE19539403C2 (en) * 1995-10-11 2001-03-01 Inst Getreideverarbeitung Biopolymer composition and method of making a stabilized product using this composition
US5979969A (en) * 1997-10-22 1999-11-09 Chrysler Corporation Apparatus for selectively mounting a hard top and a soft top to a motor vehicle
GR1002989B (en) * 1997-11-05 1998-10-09 . Method of production of a forage mixture for the production of omega or omega-3 eggs
GR1003646B (en) * 2000-10-24 2001-09-28 Τσερβενη-Γουσηασ.Ααγγελικηα Method and composition of a special mixture of aromatic plants-flaxseed for the production of chicken meat, called "plant aroma"
EP2025244A1 (en) * 2007-07-27 2009-02-18 Basf Se Feed containing tetrahydrogeraniol
CN108402335A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-08-17 金寨毛竹湾农业科技有限公司 A kind of chicken feed of summer feeding

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US3159489A (en) * 1960-12-14 1964-12-01 Swift & Co Antemortem injection of flavoring in poultry
US4125629A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-11-14 Firmenich Sa Process for improving growth rate of piglets during weaning
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US3159489A (en) * 1960-12-14 1964-12-01 Swift & Co Antemortem injection of flavoring in poultry
US3128191A (en) * 1963-02-07 1964-04-07 Hodges Res & Dev Co Processes for improving the flavor and tenderizing meat by ante-mortem injection of thamnidium and aspergillus
US4125629A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-11-14 Firmenich Sa Process for improving growth rate of piglets during weaning
US4738853A (en) * 1984-04-06 1988-04-19 Efamol Ltd. Food production

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5290573A (en) * 1987-08-19 1994-03-01 Holub Bruce J Animal feed supplement
US5415879A (en) * 1988-11-17 1995-05-16 Oh; Suk Y. Method of reducing heart related disease in humans using eggs having relatively high percentage of long chain fatty acids
US5012761A (en) * 1988-11-17 1991-05-07 Oh Suk Y Chicken egg having relatively high percentage of long chain fatty acids and method of reducing heart related disease in humans using such eggs
US5133963A (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-28 Shuntaro Ise Method of producing commercially useful poultry products with increased concentrations of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
US5741508A (en) * 1993-07-21 1998-04-21 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Feed for livestock and poultry and a method for improving meat and fat obtainable from livestock and poultry using the same
CN1049096C (en) * 1993-07-21 2000-02-09 钟渊化学工业株式会社 Method for improving meat and fat obtainable from livestock and poultry
US5882701A (en) * 1995-08-02 1999-03-16 Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. Poultry egg with improved flavor and method of producing
US6814999B2 (en) 1999-08-24 2004-11-09 Michael Foods, Inc. Enhanced precooked egg product and process for formulation of precooked egg products
US7128933B2 (en) * 2000-09-01 2006-10-31 Mitchell Kurk Composition and method for the treatment of personal odors
US20030228384A1 (en) * 2000-09-01 2003-12-11 Mitchell Kurk Composition and method for the treatment of personal odors
US7338681B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2008-03-04 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Process to prepare a premium formulated fried egg
US7709039B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2010-05-04 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Formulated fried egg
US7288279B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2007-10-30 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Formulated fried egg product
USRE46654E1 (en) 2001-12-21 2018-01-02 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Process to prepare a premium formulated fried egg
US8834952B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2014-09-16 Michael Foods, Inc. Formulated egg product suitable for processing
US20080085359A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2008-04-10 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Formulation and process to prepare a premium formulated fried egg
US8211488B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2012-07-03 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Process to prepare a premium formulated fried egg
US7951411B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2011-05-31 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Process to prepare a premium formulated fried egg
US7241469B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2007-07-10 Michael Foods, Inc. Formulation and process to prepare a pre-formed filing unit
USRE43136E1 (en) 2002-05-30 2012-01-24 Michael Foods Of Delaware, Inc. Formulation and process to prepare a pre-formed filing unit
FR2871028A1 (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-09 Adisseo Ireland Ltd FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR ANIMALS, COMPRISING AN OLFACTORY ADDITIVE
JP2010501546A (en) * 2006-08-23 2010-01-21 センチュリー バイオロジカルズ プライベート リミテッド Faint herb-flavored water preparation and its production method
US20100009038A1 (en) * 2006-08-23 2010-01-14 Century Biologicals Private Limited Water formulation with herbal hint and a process therefor
WO2008023387A3 (en) * 2006-08-23 2008-04-24 Century Biolog Private Ltd Water formulation with herbal hint and a process therefor
RU2463257C2 (en) * 2006-08-23 2012-10-10 Сенчери Байолоджикалз Прайвит Лимитед Water composition with herbal additive and process for producing said composition
US8642107B2 (en) * 2006-08-23 2014-02-04 Century Biologicals Private Limited Water formulation with herbal hint and a process therefor
WO2008023387A2 (en) * 2006-08-23 2008-02-28 Century Biologicals Private Limited Water formulation with herbal hint and a process therefor
US20110224306A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2011-09-15 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Use of canthaxanthin and/or 25-oh d3 for improved hatchability in poultry

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Publication number Publication date
DE3865393D1 (en) 1991-11-14
ATE68072T1 (en) 1991-10-15
DE3727735A1 (en) 1989-03-02
DK43990D0 (en) 1990-02-19
WO1989001296A1 (en) 1989-02-23
EP0303764B1 (en) 1991-10-09
EP0303764A1 (en) 1989-02-22
DK43990A (en) 1990-02-19
EP0378531A1 (en) 1990-07-25

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