US4873A - Im p rovem ent in loo ms fo r w e avi ng w re-gauz e - Google Patents

Description

-. UNITED STATES .PATENT Omen.

f MEnei-Ho BBETZGER, :on PITTsBU,PENNSYLVANIA.

Specification forming'pm't of Letters PntenteNo. '4.873, datedADecember 5, 1846.

vTo dll whom it 11b/:Ly concern.'

Be it lknown that I', MELoH-IOR Benzene,-

of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State'of Pennsylvania, have invented an Im provement in Looms-for Weaving Wire Gauze,

- of which'the followingis a specification.

The loenn consistsl of 'the followingvpa'xts First. A strong [basis` about three o r -four feet square, of from three or four nehplanks, joined togetherin sueh mannerjas the maker prefers, so that it gbe strong. (SeeTable II, Figure I, W W.) Second. At th TablqaHjV VVYJ- v".Third. About o parallel to it, place and fasten into the basis V V V V'two perpendicular vposts, A A and B1B, of strongwood, of three byrsix inches size, and Vas high as theabove-deseribed wall,

Fig. I, Aan'd B.) 1 en'ever the loom can be vI-pla'eed in room':itithfa sufficiently strongI door and `vlwjaii'd strong ceiling aind'strongK iv'all,fthe' posts AAL-and B vBannay-be fastened finto the floor'land ceiling a foot from the wall, and Lin either' case the loom may fbe, further "steadied'byany means the builder may prefer..

on f the tdi) 'of @taiwan v vv l 'andthe 'post sjAand'B, as labove described,

put a coverforv'ld'made of' likeboards as. the

'7; Fifth At', the points. d a -and joi 'andi .strengthen 'thefpo'sts 'and B by two horizon- :tal wooden cross ba1.fs0 andc, Tables I and II,

' Fig. I, C c, and at the point.dgd--fastenfintosaid posts A -and B the crossbar l l2 3,. under. which .the levers .1 2 3 are suspended.

sixth. on the from part of the pbs't'sh'and B, at the points It h 'near-the top and h'h nearthe foot of the loom, fix strong Wooden knobs (with screws, pins, or otherwise) xvith' notches'-y i them, as seen in Tables I and II, Fig;v I, h

Seventh, -Paifnllel with and 'B rnnfper;

e back of this basis erectaperl Y 'pendieular wall of the width of the basis,"and right-angular toit, of boards one-inch orme-re thgfek and l'rom eight'- to nine feetjhigh.' (See he foot from' this Wall, and"1 pemneulrl'y the' threefinchihick wooden bars I, 'difand Llet -into the cross-bars C and fc.' The .bar d is to be aboutthree inches from bar three 'inches' 'broad and one inch thick, e

snh as willz servev to draw either oneor both endsY of them nearer to or farther .olf the bars vposition, 'as may be required.' (Table I, Fig. VII, -e,'1and Table II, Fig. 1,-. e and 0.)'

Table I, Fig. II, gg, consists of a piece of 4Woody eachfork, turning'vertieall This bar 4may and is' fastened uponand across 'the'niiddle of -the bar C, so that one wheel projects oneaohf sidefin front and back of said'bar C."f

middle ofthe-bar-C.pependicnlarly..

vv'drawn nearer to or farther olf frogithe'bars orlesssl-anting position, Alike the abovedescribed barsfeve, with which it mnst incline'in Against these. vthree- [barsV` e, e, andv f the sley- 10,- Table'II',-f I ?if. 'I,' .:is i madeto 1ean, and to slide np' and down upon.v

Tenth. The cylinder i Tables If andlI,v Figui, is made' of 4Wood, similar 'Ito those of the `same degree.

vother looms, from 'seven to eight v'inches in diameter,I and turns vou i-ts axis: in the notches the center of said Wheel, thel diameter of which -is so miichzgreater than .that ofthe .cylinder that its teeth v.lnoject "beyond the -circuxnferd f and from C to 0, Tables I and II, Fig. i

the post 'B3 fthe bard f three inches -from post A and as much more as the rackwheel K ,is thick. On the frontfof each of these bars d fand d is fastened lengthwise, slanting forward, with screvvsanl .iron or other metallic and` e, andgof suiiicient length, and-well polished, foi` thesley to slide up and down upon. :The screws 'are attached at right angles, one at each end'of the. said bars,.and mnst be.

d. f,-Il dd, .LO'which' they are attached, and therebyto'putthem-i'ntoa moreor less slanting Eighth.- Thecross-barg,'rab1e11,Fig.`i,and

f three by three inches thick and twelveilichesl long, forked at .both itsgends, with a wheel-in l ,be strengthened by tin or iron -on .tvjvo sides,"

bar c. Toits endsfare. screws-attachedrat right,- 'angles, whichy pass througlilthesliars C5 and c, -.by which; screwsV4 the bar fnay C and "c, -vvhereby it may be put intoafmore' Qf the .nob's'l'n At its oneend,"to"the1eft it i has adented'wheel, R, verticallyattached'- toiit, the .axis 'of the cylinder -passingthrough i.. with.

. when the chain isbei'ng wound-upon ence of the latter, or more', if thought requisite. The wheel It is'onehalf of an inch thick.

' Just above the wheel B is a catch xedto'the post A, V,Table I, Fig. S and Table. II, Fig.

I, S :v From the wheel Btc the other end of the cylinder 'i runs along the entire lengtht` of it a groove about one inch deep and wide.

The lever P," Table I, Fig. IX, andTable II,

Fig. I, is about twenty-tive" inches long, iitvteen inches of which are wood two or threeinchesthick, and ten inchesof ironone-hal-f. of

ian inch thick vand two or more inches high(or broad,) with a hole through its end, through which the4 axis of the' cylinder passes, so that. the lever rests on it as on its pivot between the post A and the wheel R. Where the iron ot" this lever is attached to the wood part of it fasten a round iron hook, t, one-half by one inchthick and long enough to reach between the tcethof the wheel R with a pin orscrew, so as to move with ease. (Table II, Fig. I, and Table I, Fig. 1X, 1f.) The back of this lever is notched, and a Weight, .'P u, by a ring or hook hung upon it.` (Table'I, IX, 'and Table II, Fig. I.) I?, the lever; P u, the weight; t, the hook; R, the'dentedv wheel; S

1 eventh. frhcynnder I I, Table I, Figi,

and Table II, Fig. I, is made like cylinder/i' z',

- bult that it has at its one end, to the left, an

'iron rack-wheel, K, of the same diameter as fthe cylinder vertically attached to it, the axis of the 'former passing through the`center of 'the latter.

It has likewise agroove, like cylinderfi t.' The lrack-wheell K isfrom one-half to an inch thick. The'end of the axis of this y cylinder I I, to the right, isso made that a crank maybe put on it 'to turn the cylinder i Twelfth. The cylinder -,Tab1e rrig. Xin,

` and Table n, Fig. I, is of wood or iron, of

' its axis, the ends of which rest in theholes ot' apiece of wood or metal attached in frontand back of post A, as seen in Plate I, Fig. I, at m, and inPlate II, Figs. II and I,at m m. On that axis, which, when thus affixed,v extends back of the post A A, put a dented wheel, o, TableI,

Fig,v X, and Table II, Fig. II, bypassing said axis through its center. v This wheelo is from six` to Aseven inches in diameter and one-fourth of aninc'h thick, and has about six teeth to each inch-ofthe circumference. 0n the back of post A, as high as the wheel o, screw ilat against said post 'and perpendicular. an iron `spring, by both its, ends Q Q, and another such lat-upon the latter, Table I, Fig, V, and Table II, Fig. II, tight enough to hold the wheel it., passes between said springs) i'astand steady,

and to prevent it from slipping back after -being turned by,the lever 12, Tables I and II, Fig. I, and Table II, Fig. II, also Table I, Fig. X. This lever j, Table I, Fig. I, Vand 'Table II, Figs. I and II, is about iifteen inches long, and consists ot' a piece of wood one inch thick and two or three inches broad, 'lined on both sides with strips of iron oneeighth of an i inch thick or more, which project at its one catch o1, between the teeth of the wheel of Along the backl of said lever p are some ve or sixv hooks at equal distances from one another.

Fourteenth; The gear consists of a metal bar,

in length' equal to the width of the loom between thep'osts A and B. It resemblesinshape a razor-blade placed on its edge, and when put into the same position the two ends o't' this bar present the shape of a trapezium,

thus

-ble I, Fig. XIV, fu, the upper' part of which I shall call the top,77 one inch thick. The side which forms a right angle with the top isits backj about two or three inches deep or broad. The side which forms au acute angie with the top is'its front, a little deeper than the back,lthe part opposite to the top its edge, one-fourth of an inclrthick. Froru the middle of the front of the gear or bar e projects at right angles-a pin about six inches long, thereon to fasten a cord, TableII, Fig. I, G. Along the edge of this bar passes a wire or rod as thick as the edge, bent at its ends at right angles and upward. By these two ends thus bent and made square, screw this Wire or rod to the ends of said bar, so as to bring it underneath the latter,l and fasten the wire or rod along the edge with three. or four small pins at equal distances, and leave between the wire est sized wire of the web to pass between. (Table II, Fig. III.) To this wire or rod thus xed you attach loops, which extend about one inch t rightangularly under and back of the'vgear. 'Makethe loops of the same wire,'in every case, thev web is made of, in number equal to the number of wires in the back part of the chain, (or to one-half of the whole number of 'wires in the whole chain',) and as far apart from one another as the same, since they must pass through these loops.

A Fifteenth. A club'l or bar, 7, ,of wood, in length equal to the width ot' the loolu, about ,two inchesthick, and suspended by strings attached to the posts A and B, serves to part 'o (a segment of which, of about one-thirdfof "or keep apart. the two divisions of the chain,

end about four inches beyond the wood, so as Plate II, Figs. I and III, and Ta` or rod and the bar sufficient room for the largi -back of it. Fig. I, 7.)

wooden or metallic frame, y y, (ib.,) about besides this, the sleyhas two converging hanf at the back of -this point 'where they are joinedv p '(z. e., opposite to the notch, is a hook or ring 'frame to which the handles or farms are` at- Ait, so as to extend backward,' and likewiseA broad, also with aI notch for four. or live feet long andV two, or three inches straps.' are suiicient'lforboththe cylinders I I and with the hooks 'attach them tov ,anotherl a Wheelfina pulley. on its backend.

. cover or lid 'of the doom, just back offthe cyl- IFour other pulleys arefastenedg int the basis,

Aanda rope-orcord maybe passed underneath 'ft-hein.; (Tables I and Il', Fig-1,8 10 13 3.)

. 'other rooms.. (Tables I andii, 4. 5 en, 'v

l15, are some six or inorehooks, fastened one 'above another into the wall V:V,rf&c'., of the loo'm,' "about an inch or -more apart.

G in front ofthe geara'passesfroin thenceupso thatits wires pass alternately in front' and (Table I, Fig. I, 7 7, andTableII,

sixteenth. The sley,f'rabie I, Figsgi and 1v, 10,. and Table Il, Fig. -.I, 1,0, consists of a thirtytwo inches long and Aone inch wide,with metallic reeds in it, tied with wire. .Itis thus far made like sleysy used in other looms; but,

ldles: or arms attached toit right singularly, as seen in Table I, Fig.v I. 10,*and'Table II, Fig., I, 10, .at the points z '2. .These `handles are about fourteen inches long, and are joined together in a point 'at'their ends,.and.so notched v together as to receive the bar .f ^in thenotch. In front of this point, where they` are joined,

to fasten a cord on. On the same side ot' the tached'fasten a st rip of iron or other metal to right angularto-s'aid/handles, about one inch l t-he same purpose.

as' the above notch.

, Seventeenth- The straps vare made of leather broad, with an ear at one end and a hook at the other. (Table I, Fig., 111,11.) Fonrsuch and Through the ea'rsof the' straps pass an' iron r'od that will tinto the groove of said cylinders, wherein it is fastenedV with pins,

such rodafter putting the chain of the web on said'rod. (TableI.l Fig. III, 11, andr Table Il., Fig. I, 11.)

1' 2 53, Tables I ahdlLFig. I, inthe same way Lerici-.2 has afpulley Nineteenth. Fivepiilleys arefastened into the l inder I I, thefwheelsj of them bein' turnedt downward. (Table I','Fig.fl,.33, 8 and 9. Thesame. Table II, Figi'l, 3 3, 8 8 and 9.).

s'othat the wheels' of them are turned upward,

-.Twentieth.. The,-trea'dles are like 4those inl Twenty-first. At"15,.Tab1es Iandll, Fig. I, f

` lTwenty-second. 'At14,' Tables I 'and 11,14, isv anl iron blade about onejineh Wide and twelvel inches long, with teethlik'e a saw'in it.: It is attached to the wall.-

' Twenty-third. One cord, attachedto the pin' leverp is lifted more or less hi y putting the cord N M-I), attached tov one of f the'hooks of the leverp, with its own hook, ,into a higher or lower ring, in the other cord 2K at 1),) it is made more or less slack, and the s more slack it is the less will it liftJ the lever p, and sovice versa. The cord 'G F E' D L, jbeA- 'ing tied to lever 1,and the latter connected? wit-hftreadle 4,^and cord iN M D being joined v to the former at l), the lever p and gear v are' acted upon by pressing down. treadle 4, Wherey gained: First, the gearoisff so raised that it presses with its back against ward over the wheels in ,the .twofzpulleys 88,

wheel in the pulley 8, and then upward to the back end of the lever- 1.-. The' iront end'of this leverf 1 is connected by-'a cord with treadle 4.

(See G F E D L, Table II, Fig. I.) At the lpoint D this first-mentioned co1 d has some six or more rings an inch. or .soabove one another; (See Table l I, Fig. I, D.) l v Twenty-fourni. Another cord is attached `to one ot' the hooks-on the back ot'v the le'- "ver p, Table Il, Fig. I, and passes thence" over thewheel in pulley G, and is fastened with a hook at its end in one`of the rings in the first-described cord at D., Table II,4

Fig. I., N M D. NVhen 'this cord is pntfon a hook nearer to the en d ot' the leverp, it will raise the .same less high by one kpull of the treadle 4; Aand when p'ut on a hook farther of from the vendet' the lever, Aor nearer tothe Wheeljo, it will raise it higher, and ot' course l push the wheel vo more or less around, as the by two objects are the front partei' the chain, whilefthe. edgev is drawn-ibrward, and with it the loops. and the wires passing through *then-l, wherebyjthe By letting gothe nto its first position, and so do the two divisions of thek chain,-

so that 'they recross one another. Second, byfl 4 cha-in Ais made tocross. treadle Ltthe geni' t* drops i pressingdown the treadle 4 the lever pis lifted up, Vits tong o'r catch, Table II, Fig. II, n, catches, in the teeth ot'jth'e wheel'o land pushes it fori 'i' Ward. By doing so the endless Screw l Z1' is," turned, `which again catches in the teeth ofthe l' {rack-wheel K ot' the vcylinder and turns the latter forward. 4 Thus by shortening or length ening' the cord N M D you may turnv the. cylinderI .I anydista-nce you choose, or which may be required for weaving webs ol'greater or smaller meshes; but the length of .said c'ord being once fixed, the cylinder I I will be turned the Vsame distance by every pull `of the treadl'e nntil the-cords length is altered. l l. n

Twenty-ifth. Another cord,A O O 0O, is attached to one of the hooks ory levers p, passing over the pulleys 3 3, downto the basis' of the loom, then under pulle'vh andthen ,up to the backend of lever 3. .This hack end ol'said lever 8 is hung up with a spiralspring, Table II, Fig.

kI V,x,'again'st the wall ot' the loom V V, or otherwise, so as to keep the said lever ina horizontal .position, and to unal.' e it descendgradnally after i being lifted by a pull o t the treadlc 6.V The gli. Again, byv

c v at the Sametime.

frontor rear end of lever 3 has an iron strip Awith some six or eight holes in it, above .one

another, and at theend of treadle 6i s ashort cord with ahook atit'sfend. By puttingthesaid vhook higher or lower infne of said holes, the

connecting-cord between'treadle 6 and leyer. 3 is made longer or shorter, and the shorter 'itis the greater will be the pull on the lever p, and the longer it is the less will be the pull on lever p, so, that therebyy yOU, may .regirv latev the distancejy'oulwant" to turn `thercylin'- der I I. The last-mentioned cord, connectingj the lever p with the treadle 6,' being entirely;

disconnected with that attached to the gear v v, it turns the' cylinder I'I without lifting the gear,vso that by pushing down. treadle 6 you f only turn cylinder I I; but by pushing downtreadle 4 you turn cylinder I I and 'lift the gear spiral spring at the backend of the lever 3,

there is-a cord attached to it at the same point where the-spring. is'fastened to it. At the other cndthis cord has a strip of ironwith a slit in itlarge enoughvto pass the iron dented blade described in section 22 and's'een en Plate II,

fFig. I, 14, through it,and by putting this strip v`of' `iron higher or lower and fasteningjit in j someof the teeth of vthe said described blade T14, thereby'to lift the back end of lever. 3 v and prevent itfromfalling below a horizontal po- -fjsitin, 'whichgwould lift the. treadle l6' higher 'than4 should be' and cause a longer pull on Elever P than required. By'this 'cord the back fend'of lever 3 is lifted Iso high that the front 'I -pat will not .lift treadleI above the level of l vthe other treadles, though the cord between treadle 6 and lever 3 be 'ever so short, so that "by'vths vvcordthe pull on the lever P and the ldistance the cylinder I I is to turn are entirely "reglated vand controlled.

'- IwentysixtlL Another cord is tied the arms ofthe sley at 16, (see Table II, Fig. I, 16,)

passing upward and over the pulleys in the barG G, then down back of the loom. to and f under the wheel 1Q on'the basis W W, thence l upward and over .the wheel at the end of lever `2' `on the cross-bar 12 3, and thence to the basis, where it isifastened to a pin or ring.

Lever 2 is like the other levers,1 and 3. vIt is likewise lifted up into a horizontalposition vby a cord, w, Table II,` lever 2, on its fore or. "back end, which cordis fastened against the wall V V VV of the loom; but` it has a pulley on its back end, over which the cord yfrom the4 sley-arx`ns 16, section 26, described, passes.

' Instead of cords, you may use chai'ns, except so far as they-pass over pulleys, and by makfing these cords their proper lengths (which must be governed by the greater or lesser size v of the meshes of the web).you may regulate the movement of thecylinder I I and also the rise and descent of the sley so as `to fix the recise point where it is to' strike the wire .hat the weaver passes between the chain. v

Twenty-seventh. To make the sley, Tables vI and II, 10, descend'and strikewith sufficient The endless'screw turns :said cylinder I I without jerking. Besides the forceiV Vagainst theuirev passing/ in` fthe course .of weavingbetween the chain of the web, 1f its own Weight should be insuci'ent for that par; pose, you may attach 'a spiral 4spring toit at 1 6, with a cord at the end, which must pass under the wheel 13 on the basisW'W, andl thence upward to 15, where it is fastened to a hook or'pin.A This spiral spring may be drawn more or less tight, as you want it 'to ,p ullwithmore nrless force.

Gombinedypractical operationz' 'A'fterthe wire forfth'e chain is'arranged (as is done in (':asies of other looms) and ready tobe "p 'ut on'v .the machine,thecylinder I I is lifted. vup by putting a piece of Wood under its axes, hi-.gilv

enough toprevent its rack-wheel K from touch 'ing the endless screw l l, and a crank is .lixed to oneofthe axes of the cylinder I I. The wire of the chain is then fastened on the iron rod in the grooveof the cylinder, and this bar pinned tight. Next an iron or other heavy cylinder of convenient size is placed above and on this cylinder, turning in the same notches withthe latter. The cylinder I I then is turned by the crank-.7 At the same time the cylinder above it presses against the wire as'it is wound .upon the cylinder I 1,--and xnz'ikesy itlie smooth and even. ner the chain is wound upon the cylinder'I I until only'so much'rernains as will reach below the sley 10. Then. the chain is passed between the reedsof said sley and fastened to another iron bar or rod, like the one pinned down into the groove of cylinder II. In this rod are -ired the straps 1 1,` Table I, Fig.. III, with one end, with the other to the groove of.

cylinder z` 'After this you makethe loops on the gear bypassing a wire of the size of those in the chain around the iron barbr wire on the lower edge of the gear/v v, beginning at 1 .one end'and passing it around the back wires of -the chain-that it, those ywhich .pass .be

hind thewooden stick (or club) 7 7, Fig. I4-

in theirv turn, lone after the other, each time l drawing this wire of which the loops are made through the front wires of'. thel chain and tyingit to the aforesaid iron bar or wire., Then v theround wooden club or bar 7 l7 `is 'put be! tween't-he back'and -front part ofthe chain, or you may put it there before makingv the loops. lAitor this put the hookit -of the lever 1, Tabie I,A Fig. 1X, m1- thereeth, @stil-enten R, so as to .place the lever ina h'orizontalfpol sitiong put the weight I" u so far back from the wheel as to draw the cylinder i z" around, and stretch the chain as much asnecessary;

Next to this regulate the cords or chains which'- connect treadle 4 with lever p and the handle l g of the gear, then that which connects'gtreadle 5 with the sley, so that the latterl candescend but to a Jcertainpoint; and, thirdly, th`e o'ne which'connects treadle 6 with the lever p.

The cords connecting lever'p with .treadles 4 and 6 must beso shortened or lengthened as to pull the cylinder I I exactly as far around as thesize or length of the'meshes. The shuttle's arethe same as used for other looms.

In this man y Iaround exactly the size of the meshes, as regulated'. lPut the wire on the shuttle through `the cha-in, and take the right foot ofi" again,

whereby the sley will fall downto the point regulated by the length of the cordv attachedtoit, and press the wire drawn with the shuttle through the chain inv its proper pla-ee. Then press with the same (right) foot treadles 5 and 4, and thus lift again lever p, and at the saine time the gear- 'e 1,', drawing the back wires of the chain through and in front 'of the fore part ofthe chain, thus crossing the chain.

'You also lift, at the Sametime, lthe sley again; v put the shuttle through the chain, take the.

foot off, and the sley drops again, as before, with the same effect. The gear also falls back into its former position', whereby the chain also is made to cross back into its first position. As often as the cylinder I I is pushed forward, cylinder 'i 'i is drawn forward by the weight of the lever I, and thus the chain kept tight until the weight P u reaches the iloor,

when you may, without loss of time, lift it up and fix it again in another place of the wheel R, and so on till the end of the web. When the iron bar on which the chain is fastened reaches, in the course of weaving, the cylinder i fi, you take off the straps 11, Fig. III, Table I, and pin the bar down into. the4 groove of the cylinder, and after the chainis off cylinder I I you take the rod or bar on which it is fastened out of the groove of the cylinder II and attach the straps 11, Fig. III, to it, and

- fasten them on the cylinder I I, and thus you will finish the whole chain without losing more than a few inches of the chain. The cylinder y i, also, by heilig turned whenever the cylieder I I revolves the web, wound upon it by the course. of weaving, and there is no occasion to interrupt the latter operation for this purpose, and no time is lost.

In enses of very line wire, it is necessary to r unscrew the sley off the handles or arms and draw the wire (before fnstening it to cylinder I I) through the reeds of said sley, after the I wire has been arranged for the purpose ofv the cylinder I I.

1. The particular mode of making the size of the meshes equal bythe combination formed by connecting, first,- t-he contrivance for regulating the revolution of cylinder II (as seen in sections 23 and 24 in the specification) by means of 'shortening or lengthening the cord NfllI D, which is attached to lever p and to a the cord 'G F E D L at the point D; second, the similar contriva-nee for the same end by means of the cord V 'V V V, also attached to lever p, and by means of the iron strip S on lever 3, (on theeross-bar 1 2 3,) and, further, by means of spiral 'spring .r and the cord on the back end ofv said lever 3, as described in section 25 of the specification; third, the contrivance for making, by means ofthe lever P,

the revolution of cylinder 113 13 correspond to that of cylinder I I, (whenever the chain Iis on the said cylinders and inthe actof being' woven,) thereby moving the web with every movement of said two cylinders a distance equal to the size of the meshes; fourth. the eontrivanee for regulating the descent of the sley 1l), asdescribed in section 16 of the specie tication, so as to reach down-uniformly to the same distance, all which coutrivanes thus combined and regulated effect the object of mak` ing the meshes ot' an equal size.

2.A The mode of constructing and working vthe gear as described, the upper' edge of Said I gear pressing back the front division of the chain, and the lower edge,by its loops, drawing,l the back Vdivision of the chain throughand 1n 'front of the former, thus crossing the chain by one pull with the foot on treadle 4, the act ot' recrossng being accomplished by merel-y letting go the vsaid trcadle, (after the just-men#l tioned pull,) whereby the two divisions drop into their former position and onf course reoross, by which contrivance the necessity of a second gear, required in other looms, is lobviated, the operation of crossing the chain is made si rnpler, and accomplished with less labor.

. MELUN IOR BRETZG Eli. l'Vitnesses:

E. 11min-:Lening II. Anni..

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