US4856889A - Uniform strength ophthalmic lens having a gradient refractive index changing rotation-symmetrically about the optical axis and method of making it - Google Patents

Uniform strength ophthalmic lens having a gradient refractive index changing rotation-symmetrically about the optical axis and method of making it Download PDF

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Publication number
US4856889A
US4856889A US07/051,700 US5170087A US4856889A US 4856889 A US4856889 A US 4856889A US 5170087 A US5170087 A US 5170087A US 4856889 A US4856889 A US 4856889A
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ophthalmic lens
refractive index
lens
optical axis
symmetrically
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Gunther Guilino
Herbert Pfeiffer
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Rodenstock GmbH
Optische Werke G Rodenstock
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Optische Werke G Rodenstock
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Assigned to RODIS INFORMATIONSSYSTEME GMBH reassignment RODIS INFORMATIONSSYSTEME GMBH MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RODENSTOCK GMBH
Assigned to RODENSTOCK GMBH reassignment RODENSTOCK GMBH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RODIS INFORMATIONSSYSTEME GMBH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/12—Locally varying refractive index, gradient index lenses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a uniform strength ophthalmic lens having a gradient refractive index changing rotational-symmetrically about the optical axis.
  • a uniform strength ophthalmic lens is also known from DE-OS No. 27 07 601. From said publication it can be learned that a "careful selection of the aspheric base curve and of the refractive index gradients" can reduce aberrations more than it would be possible by means of only an aspheric base curve. To accomplish this, the refractive index is changed radially, in particular, in steps. A continuous changing of the refraction index is only mentioned in passing without presenting a definite technical method.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide uniform strength ophthalmic lenses in which the critical thickness of the lenses is significantly reduced compared to the state of the art while at least possessing the same image-forming properties.
  • a successful solution to the object of the present invention is accomplished by proceeding from a uniform strength ophthalmic lens.
  • a homogeneous refractive index such a selection of the aspheric surface, particularly in the case of minus lenses, would yield unacceptable image-forming properties. Nonetheless, even with such a selection of the aspheric surface aimed solely at minimizing the critical thickness a correction of the aberrations is achieved merely by changing the refractive index--as was recognized as an element of the invention.
  • Changing the refraction index in an ophthalmic lens according to the present invention can, by way of illustration, be a accomplished by the possible means described in FIG. 3 of the aforementioned article "GRADIENT INDEX OPTICS".
  • the uniform strength ophthalmic lens may or may not be provided with a prism.
  • At least one of the two surfaces an aspheric surface can further reduce the center thickness in plus lenses and the correction of the aberrations can be further improved.
  • the aspheric surface is the front surface.
  • the aspheric surface is the rear surface.
  • rotational-symmetrical surfaces for an aspheric surface, as can be represented, by way of illustration, by power-series expansions of a higher degree on which, if necessary, a conic section function is superimposed.
  • the rotational-symmetrical aspheric surface can also be constructed by means of "spline functions" and additionally optimized to minimize the center thickness also with regard to correcting aberrations.
  • FIGS. 1A to 7B show the course of the refractive index functions and of the aberrations for positive uniform strength ophthalmic lenses, having spheric or aspheric surfaces and different center thicknesses, and
  • FIGS. 8A to 11B show the course of the refractive index functions and of the aberrations for negative uniform strength ophthalmic lenses, having spheric or aspheric surfaces and different peripheral thicknesses.
  • FIGS. 1-11(a) depicts a (full-scale) cross-section through an ophthalmic lens having a front surface 1 and a rear surface 2. Furthermore, illustrated is the critical thickness, whose magnitude is to be reduced by means of the measures of the present invention. The critical thickness is the center thickness d in plus lenses and the peripheral thickness dr in minus lenses.
  • the refractive index n is plotted as a function of the distance r from the optical axis, given in millimeters. Express reference is made to the illustrated presentation of the refractive index function with regard to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 1-11(b) is plotted the course of the astigmatism ⁇ S (unbroken line) and of the refraction error ⁇ R (broken line), i.e. the deviation of the effect of the ophthalmic lens from the so-called prescription value as a function of the visual angle.
  • Astigmatism and refraction errors are given in diopters (dpt).
  • the table below shows the overall effect D (in dpt), the effect D 1 of the front surface 1 and the effect D 2 of the rear surface 2 (also in dpt) as well as the center thickness d and the peripheral thickness dr for a diameter of 66 mm for all the ophthalmic lenses illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 11.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 depict positive ophthalmic lenses, having 8.00 dpt.
  • the detection of front surface 1 and of the rear surface 2 are selected in such a manner that there are small aberrations.
  • the center thickness d of 8.79 mm is relatively large.
  • FIG. 2 shows a lens similar to the one in FIG. 1, however, with a refractive index of n o is 1.6.
  • the diffractions of the both surfaces are chosen in such a manner that the aberrations are small.
  • the center thickness d is only minimally reduced to 7.54 due to the rise in refractive index.
  • the aspheric front surface is a flat hyperboloid of rotation, met by the following equation:
  • FIG. 5 shows a uniform strength opthalmic lens according to the invention, having two spheric surfaces, whose diffraction is selected in such a manner that a center thickness is yielded amounting to only approx. 66% of the center thickness of the lens illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Such a selection of the diffractions would result in unacceptable aberrations ⁇ R and ⁇ S with a homogeneous refractive index, which would already mount to several diopters in small visual angles.
  • the gradient refraction index n as a function of the distance r from the axis of rotation can, however, substantially reduce aberrations ⁇ R and ⁇ S.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 also show uniform strength opthalmic lenses according to the invention, whose refractive index is not constant (homogeneous), but dependent on the distance from the optical axis (axis of rotation).
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 show uniform strength negative ophthalmic lenses.
  • FIGS. 8(a) depicts a "common" uniform strength ophthalmic lens, having spheric surfaces 1 and 2 and a homogeneous refractive index n, whose peripheral thickness dr of 13.75 mm is relatively large.
  • the aberrations are, however, as FIG. 8(b) shows, relatively small.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a uniform strength negative ophthalmic lens, having an aspheric rear surface and a homogeneous refractive index, thereby considerably reducing the peripheral thickness to 7.13 mm, but increasing the aberrations as a function of the visual angle to such an extent that the lens would not be acceptable in practice.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 depict the uniform strength lenses according to the present invention, having the same effect as the ones illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 and a gradient refractive index, varying as a function of distance r from the optical axis, whereby different peripheral thicknesses were specificed, yet it is nonetheless possible to maintain the refraction error at 0 up to a visual angle of approx. 40° while at the same time having low astigmatism. values.
  • the opthalmic lenses by the method of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 11 has the same aspheric surface as the lens depicted in FIG. 9.
  • a refraction error of 0 was specified for a certain visual angle zone.
  • the refraction error should assume positive values and astigmatism negative values and that the ratio of these two aberrations should have specific average value at certain visual angle or over a certain visual angle zone.
  • the absolute value of an individual aberration can, by way of illustration, be reduced.
  • the front surface is aspheric and in those depicted in FIGS. 8-11 it is the rear surface.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
US07/051,700 1986-05-20 1987-05-20 Uniform strength ophthalmic lens having a gradient refractive index changing rotation-symmetrically about the optical axis and method of making it Expired - Lifetime US4856889A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3616888 1986-05-20
DE19863616888 DE3616888A1 (de) 1986-05-20 1986-05-20 Einstaerken-brillenglas mit einem sich zur optischen achse rotationssymmetrisch aendernden brechungsindex

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US4856889A true US4856889A (en) 1989-08-15

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US (1) US4856889A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS62296119A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3616888A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2599157B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2191017B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5061058A (en) * 1987-07-18 1991-10-29 Optische Werke G. Rodenstock Opthalmic lens for use in the correction of astigmatism
US5110199A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-05-05 Takeshi Ishida Distortion free ophthalmic lens for presbyopia having wide range distinct views
US5353072A (en) * 1992-01-31 1994-10-04 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Aspherical spectacle lens
US20030090623A1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2003-05-15 Jacob Rubinstein Method for designing optical elements
US20040156014A1 (en) * 2002-11-29 2004-08-12 Piers Patricia Ann Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US20060252844A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2006-11-09 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Ultra violet, violet, and blue light filtering polymers for ophthalmic applications
US20070004852A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2007-01-04 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Ophthalmic Apparatuses and Methods
US20070004863A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2007-01-04 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Infinite refractive index gradient (IRIG) polymers for ocular implant and contact lens applications
US20090195748A1 (en) * 2005-10-25 2009-08-06 Advanced Medical Optics, Inc. Ophthalmic lens with multiple phase plates
US9335563B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2016-05-10 Amo Groningen B.V. Multi-ring lens, systems and methods for extended depth of focus
US10085833B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2018-10-02 Amo Groningen B.V. Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US10624735B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2020-04-21 Amo Groningen B.V. Progressive power intraocular lens, and methods of use and manufacture
US11156853B2 (en) 2017-06-28 2021-10-26 Amo Groningen B.V. Extended range and related intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11262598B2 (en) 2017-06-28 2022-03-01 Amo Groningen, B.V. Diffractive lenses and related intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11327210B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2022-05-10 Amo Groningen B.V. Non-repeating echelettes and related intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11497599B2 (en) 2017-03-17 2022-11-15 Amo Groningen B.V. Diffractive intraocular lenses for extended range of vision
US11523897B2 (en) 2017-06-23 2022-12-13 Amo Groningen B.V. Intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11529230B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2022-12-20 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for correcting power of an intraocular lens using refractive index writing
US11564839B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2023-01-31 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for vergence matching of an intraocular lens with refractive index writing
US11583388B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2023-02-21 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for spectacle independence using refractive index writing with an intraocular lens
US11583389B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2023-02-21 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for correcting photic phenomenon from an intraocular lens and using refractive index writing
US11678975B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2023-06-20 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for treating ocular disease with an intraocular lens and refractive index writing
US11844689B2 (en) 2019-12-30 2023-12-19 Amo Groningen B.V. Achromatic lenses and lenses having diffractive profiles with irregular width for vision treatment
US11944574B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2024-04-02 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for multiple layer intraocular lens and using refractive index writing
WO2024132631A1 (en) * 2022-12-22 2024-06-27 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Spectacle lens and method for generating design data for a spectacle lens
US12204178B2 (en) 2018-12-06 2025-01-21 Amo Groningen B.V. Diffractive lenses for presbyopia treatment
US12357509B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2025-07-15 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for improving vision from an intraocular lens in an incorrect position and using refractive index writing
US12377622B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2025-08-05 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for vergence matching with an optical profile and using refractive index writing
US12409028B2 (en) 2023-02-18 2025-09-09 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for correcting photic phenomenon from an intraocular lens and using refractive index writing

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU600592B2 (en) * 1987-07-18 1990-08-16 Optische Werke G. Rodenstock Opthalmic lens for use in the correction of astigmatism
FR2630553B1 (fr) * 1988-04-25 1990-08-17 Essilor Int Lentille ophtalmique unifocale a gradient d'indice et de puissance geometrique nulle
FR2630552B1 (fr) * 1988-04-25 1990-08-17 Essilor Int Procede pour la minimisation de l'epaisseur maximale d'une lentille ophtalmique unifocale et lentille ophtalmique unifocale a gradient d'indice obtenue en application de ce procede
DE3821079A1 (de) * 1988-06-22 1989-12-28 Rodenstock Optik G Brillenglas mit einem sich aendernden brechungsindex
DE3901775A1 (de) * 1988-06-22 1990-07-26 Rodenstock Optik G Brillenglas mit einem sich aendernden brechungsindex
DE4107195A1 (de) * 1991-03-15 1992-09-10 Ishida Koki Seisakusho Co Auf kurzen und mittleren abstand aberrationsfreies brillenglas fuer alterssichtigkeit
DE19526928A1 (de) * 1995-07-24 1997-01-30 Guenter Graefe Gradientenoptische Bauelemente, ihre Verwendung, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung
WO2022138641A1 (ja) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-30 株式会社ニコン・エシロール 単焦点眼鏡レンズ、単焦点眼鏡レンズの設計方法、単焦点眼鏡レンズの製造方法および単焦点眼鏡レンズの設計装置

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DE3430334C2 (de) * 1984-08-17 1987-02-05 Optische Werke G. Rodenstock, 8000 München Progressives Brillenglas mit zwei asphärischen Flächen

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US3718383A (en) * 1971-04-19 1973-02-27 Eastman Kodak Co Plastic optical element having refractive index gradient
DE2707601A1 (de) * 1976-03-22 1977-10-06 American Optical Corp Ophthalmische linsen und verfahren zur ausbildung einer achsentfernten korrektur derselben

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US5061058A (en) * 1987-07-18 1991-10-29 Optische Werke G. Rodenstock Opthalmic lens for use in the correction of astigmatism
US5110199A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-05-05 Takeshi Ishida Distortion free ophthalmic lens for presbyopia having wide range distinct views
US5353072A (en) * 1992-01-31 1994-10-04 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Aspherical spectacle lens
US6824268B2 (en) 2000-06-01 2004-11-30 Shamir Optical Industry Method for designing optical elements
US20030090623A1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2003-05-15 Jacob Rubinstein Method for designing optical elements
US6655803B1 (en) * 2000-06-01 2003-12-02 Inray Ltd. Wavefront method for designing optical elements
US9636214B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2017-05-02 Amo Groningen B.V. Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US10085833B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2018-10-02 Amo Groningen B.V. Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US8906089B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2014-12-09 Amo Groningen B.V. Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US20070188700A1 (en) * 2002-11-29 2007-08-16 Piers Patricia A Multifocal Ophthalmic Lens
US8529623B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2013-09-10 Amo Groningen B.V. Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US7670371B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2010-03-02 Amo Groningen Bv Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US20040156014A1 (en) * 2002-11-29 2004-08-12 Piers Patricia Ann Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US7896916B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2011-03-01 Amo Groningen B.V. Multifocal ophthalmic lens
US7984990B2 (en) 2004-10-25 2011-07-26 Abbot Medical Optics Inc. Ophthalmic lens with multiple phase plates
US8506075B2 (en) 2004-10-25 2013-08-13 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Ophthalmic lens with multiple phase plates
US8157374B2 (en) 2004-10-25 2012-04-17 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Ophthalmic lens with multiple phase plates
US7771470B2 (en) 2005-05-05 2010-08-10 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Ophthalmic apparatuses and methods
US20070004852A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2007-01-04 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Ophthalmic Apparatuses and Methods
US20110071629A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2011-03-24 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Ultra violet, violet, and blue light filtering polymers for ophthalmic applications
US7857848B2 (en) 2005-05-05 2010-12-28 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Infinite refractive index gradient (IRIG) polymers for ocular implant and contact lens applications
US7842367B2 (en) 2005-05-05 2010-11-30 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Ultra violet, violet, and blue light filtering polymers for ophthalmic applications
US10463766B2 (en) 2005-05-05 2019-11-05 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Ultra violet, violet, and blue light filtering polymers for ophthalmic applications
US20070004863A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2007-01-04 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Infinite refractive index gradient (IRIG) polymers for ocular implant and contact lens applications
US20060252844A1 (en) * 2005-05-05 2006-11-09 Key Medical Technologies, Inc. Ultra violet, violet, and blue light filtering polymers for ophthalmic applications
US20090195748A1 (en) * 2005-10-25 2009-08-06 Advanced Medical Optics, Inc. Ophthalmic lens with multiple phase plates
US7922326B2 (en) 2005-10-25 2011-04-12 Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Ophthalmic lens with multiple phase plates
US10197815B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2019-02-05 Amo Groningen B.V. Multi-ring lens, systems and methods for extended depth of focus
US9335563B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2016-05-10 Amo Groningen B.V. Multi-ring lens, systems and methods for extended depth of focus
US11022815B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2021-06-01 Amo Groningen B.V. Multi-ring lens, systems and methods for extended depth of focus
US12158638B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2024-12-03 Amo Groningen B.V. Multi-ring lens, systems and methods for extended depth of focus
US10624735B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2020-04-21 Amo Groningen B.V. Progressive power intraocular lens, and methods of use and manufacture
US11116624B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2021-09-14 Amo Groningen B.V. Progressive power intraocular lens, and methods of use and manufacture
US12257144B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2025-03-25 Amo Groningen B.V. Progressive power intraocular lens, and methods of use and manufacture
US11497599B2 (en) 2017-03-17 2022-11-15 Amo Groningen B.V. Diffractive intraocular lenses for extended range of vision
US11523897B2 (en) 2017-06-23 2022-12-13 Amo Groningen B.V. Intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11262598B2 (en) 2017-06-28 2022-03-01 Amo Groningen, B.V. Diffractive lenses and related intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11573433B2 (en) 2017-06-28 2023-02-07 Amo Groningen B.V. Extended range and related intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11156853B2 (en) 2017-06-28 2021-10-26 Amo Groningen B.V. Extended range and related intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11914229B2 (en) 2017-06-28 2024-02-27 Amo Groningen B.V. Diffractive lenses and related intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11327210B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2022-05-10 Amo Groningen B.V. Non-repeating echelettes and related intraocular lenses for presbyopia treatment
US12204178B2 (en) 2018-12-06 2025-01-21 Amo Groningen B.V. Diffractive lenses for presbyopia treatment
US11583389B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2023-02-21 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for correcting photic phenomenon from an intraocular lens and using refractive index writing
US11529230B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2022-12-20 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for correcting power of an intraocular lens using refractive index writing
US11944574B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2024-04-02 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for multiple layer intraocular lens and using refractive index writing
US11678975B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2023-06-20 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for treating ocular disease with an intraocular lens and refractive index writing
US11583388B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2023-02-21 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for spectacle independence using refractive index writing with an intraocular lens
US11931296B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2024-03-19 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for vergence matching of an intraocular lens with refractive index writing
US11564839B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2023-01-31 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for vergence matching of an intraocular lens with refractive index writing
US12357449B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2025-07-15 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for treating ocular disease with an intraocular lens and refractive index writing
US12357509B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2025-07-15 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for improving vision from an intraocular lens in an incorrect position and using refractive index writing
US12377622B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2025-08-05 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for vergence matching with an optical profile and using refractive index writing
US11844689B2 (en) 2019-12-30 2023-12-19 Amo Groningen B.V. Achromatic lenses and lenses having diffractive profiles with irregular width for vision treatment
WO2024132631A1 (en) * 2022-12-22 2024-06-27 Carl Zeiss Vision International Gmbh Spectacle lens and method for generating design data for a spectacle lens
US12409028B2 (en) 2023-02-18 2025-09-09 Amo Groningen B.V. Systems and methods for correcting photic phenomenon from an intraocular lens and using refractive index writing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2191017A (en) 1987-12-02
DE3616888A1 (de) 1987-11-26
GB8711862D0 (en) 1987-06-24
DE3616888C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-05-23
JPS62296119A (ja) 1987-12-23
GB2191017B (en) 1990-01-10
FR2599157A1 (fr) 1987-11-27
FR2599157B1 (fr) 1991-02-01

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