US4759267A - Energetic fluid product and its application to the supply of combustible matter to a reaction chamber - Google Patents

Energetic fluid product and its application to the supply of combustible matter to a reaction chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
US4759267A
US4759267A US06/597,860 US59786084A US4759267A US 4759267 A US4759267 A US 4759267A US 59786084 A US59786084 A US 59786084A US 4759267 A US4759267 A US 4759267A
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United States
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product
liquid phase
particles
solid particles
fluid product
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/597,860
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Wang
Gerard Antonini
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Creusot Loire SA
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Creusot Loire SA
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Assigned to CREUSOT-LOIRE reassignment CREUSOT-LOIRE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ANTONINI, GERARD, FRANCOIS, OLIVIER, TOURET, ALAIN, WANG, ROBERT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energetic fluid product containing finely divided combustible matter, a device for the preparation of such a product and a particular application of the product to the supply of combustible matter to a reaction chamber.
  • the fuel must normally be introduced into the reaction chamber in a continuous manner, and for this purpose it is useful to prepare it in the form of a fluid product capable of being conveyed in feed lines using simple means. It is possible, for example, to employ pneumatic conveying, the particles being suspended in a stream of air, but this produces an auto-ignition and explosion hazard. When inert gas is not available cheaply, it is generally preferred to disperse the particles in a liquid phase to produce a mixture with the consistency of a slurry and capable of being conveyed for example by means of a positive displacement pump.
  • the coal is generally suspended in water but, in this case, the combustion reactions are retarded, which makes it necessary to enlarge the combustion chambers, and the thermal yield of the reaction is greatly reduced since a considerable part of the energy provided serves only to vaporize water.
  • the attempt is therefore to reduce the proportion of water as much as possible relative to the proportion of solid matter.
  • the viscosity of the product also rises and more energy needs to be employed to pump the product.
  • the viscosity of the mixture can be lowered by means of chemical additives, but the latter are costly and moreover can be corrosive.
  • the invention has as its subject a new energetic fluid product in which the proportion by weight of liquid phase relative to that of the solid particles is appreciably reduced in comparison to the known product and which additionally makes it possible to employ very fine particles.
  • the fluid product according to the invention consists of a stable foam produced by mixing a gaseous phase with the liquid phase to which stabilizing and emulsifying products have been added and in which the solid particles are homogeneously dispersed, the liquid phase consisting solely of fine films connecting the solid particles together and confining the gas bubbles which occupy the spaces between the solid particles.
  • the solid particles can have any particle size distribution and the proportion by weight of solid phase can reach at least 70%.
  • the gaseous phase can be an inert gas, a combustive gas or a fuel gas.
  • Another subject of the invention is a device for preparing a fluid product according to the invention comprising a means for preparing a stable foam by incorporating a gaseous phase in a liquid phase to which emulsifying and stabilizing products have been added, and a means for dispersing the particles of combustible matter homogeneously within the foam thus prepared.
  • the means for dispersing the solid particles homogeneously in the foam incorporate a double-screw mixer comprising, inside an elongated cylindrical sleeve, an agitator in the shape of a helical ribbon driven in rotation around the axis in a direction which determines the advance from upstream to downstream and over the periphery of the sleeve of the foam introduced through an orifice located at the upstream end, the helical ribbon surrounding an axial free space the upstream part of which is entered by a screw feeder for the introduction of a specified flow of solid particles.
  • the invention also relates to a process for introducing into a reaction chamber solid combustible matter which is finely powdered and dispersed homogeneously in a stable foam, in which the liquid phase consists solely of the films connecting the solid particles together and confining gas bubbles which occupy the spaces between the particles, the said foam being then made to move in a duct for supplying the reaction chamber.
  • the foam is preferably first produced by vigorous agitation of the liquid phase in the presence of the gaseous phase, and the solid particles are then dispersed in the foam thus prepared, the latter being capable of being stored in anticipation of subsequent use.
  • the fluid product before being introduced into the chamber, can be subjected to a pressure rise resulting in an increase in the proportion of solid matter per unit volume, up to a pressure below the limiting pressure starting from which the volume of the compressed product remains constant.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing on a large scale a sample of the product.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the product after compression up to the limiting pressure.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically a plant for preparing and using the product.
  • FIG. 4 shows diagrammatically another embodiment of a plant for preparing and using the product.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a sample of the product 1 which consists of a foam made of bubbles 11 confined by liquid films 12 in the shape of a meniscus, within which foam solid particles 13 are homogeneously dispersed, joined together by the liquid films 12.
  • the solid particles 13 are shown in symbolized by spheres in the drawing as spheres, but of course, they may be of any shape.
  • the average size of the particles is of the order of 50 microns but can even go down under 20 microns.
  • the gas bubbles 11 can be of the order of a millimeter in size but can microns, may be even smaller than 20 microns.
  • the gas bubbles making it possible to increase the proportion of solid particles incorporated in the foam.
  • the liquid phase consists solely of the films 12 connecting the particles 13 and that, consequently, the weight proportion of the liquid in the product can be greatly reduced.
  • the mixture is pumpable and can be conveyed within ducts by any known means, and behaves as a compressible fluid.
  • FIG. 3 shows by way of example a diagram of the preparation of such a product.
  • the liquid phase for example water
  • a vat 2 in which it is mixed vigorously with a thickener product 21, which is introduced by a metering device and which enables a kind of gel 20 to be produced.
  • the latter is then conveyed to a second vat 23 in which water is also introduced through an entry 24 and an emulsifier product of the surfactant type through a line 25.
  • the whole is mixed vigorously until all the liquid phase has been emulsified with the gas present in the enclosure.
  • the foam 10 thus produced is directed to a third vat 4 into which the solid particles 13 are poured by means of a metering hopper 44.
  • the whole is vigorously stirred to disperse the solid particles homogeneously within the product 1 which is then in the form shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • the thickener 21 introduced into the vat 2 makes it possible to stabilize the emulsion by suppressing spontaneous ruptures of the liquid films providing the partitioning of the foam, and thus ensures that the solid particles are kept in suspension. It is possible to employ hygroscopic non-volatile soluble products such as carboxymethylcellulose or, for example, glycerol, dodecane or polyvinylalcohol.
  • the emulsifier product 25 is a surfactant which makes it possible to emulsify the gas in water. It is possible to employ an alkylarylsulfonate or another known foaming agent, for example a saponified fatty acid, an amine, quaternary ammonium, alkylpolyethoxyetherphosphate and the like.
  • a product has been produced in which the liquid phase prepared before the addition of the gas contained 1% of surfactant and 0.2% of stabilizer.
  • the foam can be circulated by means of a pump 27 in a closed circuit 28 from which the foam needed is withdrawn by the metering pumps 29. It is also possible to place the circuit 28 under pressure and to replace the metering pumps by simple inlet valves making it possible, for example, to feed the burners of a reaction chamber 6.
  • the fluid product consisting of the stabilized foam can be subjected to a pressure rise which determines a reduction in the size of the bubbles and brings the particles closer together and consequently produces an increase in the density of the product.
  • This limit depends on the concentration of solid particles and can be determined either empirically, by a series of tests, or by calculation.
  • This pressure may be found to be too low for feeding a gasification reactor. Nevertheless, it has been calculated for a product prepared at atmospheric pressure and at ambient temperature. Now, it can be shown that when the product is prepared at an absolute pressure above atmospheric pressure, for example 5 bars, the limiting pressure can reach 45 bars. Furthermore, the limiting pressure is also a function of the relationship between the temperature of use and the temperature of preparation. Thus, in the case where the product is prepared at 20° C., the limiting pressure can be increased by 10% if, at the time of use, the temperature is increased to 50° C., provided of course that the foam remains stable at such a temperature.
  • FIG. 4 shows, by way of example, a plant for the preparation under pressure of a fluid product based on coal, air and water.
  • the aqueous solution prepared as in the case of FIG. 3, by mixing water with a thickener and then an emulsifier, is delivered by a pump 31 to a device 3 for preparing the foam, consisting of a pipe in the middle of which is placed a venturi 30. Air is blown into the venturi by a compressor 32 and is thus incorporated in the aqueous solution to form a foam which is directed to the mixer 4.
  • the latter which can incorporate several components in line, consists essentially of a stirrer in the shape of a helical ribbon 41 driven in rotation around its axis by a motor 42 inside a cylindrical sleeve 4 equipped with an opening 43 for the entry of the foam placed at the upstream end in the direction of movement of the product resulting from the rotation of the helical ribbon 41.
  • the latter moreover, encloses a free axial space into which enters a screw feeder of a known type, comprising a hopper 44 provided at its base with a screw driven in rotation around its axis and which projects into a tube 45 opening out into the free space determined by the helical ribbon 41 in the axis of the sleeve 4.
  • the foam prepared in the device 3 and entering the sleeve 4 through the orifice 43 is driven downstream along the inner periphery of the sleeve by the rotation of the ribbon 41 and picks up the finely divided coal which is poured into the hopper 44 and which therefore is incorporated within the foam at a flow rate determined by the rotation of the screw. It is possible in this way to obtain a perfectly homogeneous dispersion of solid particles within the foam.
  • Such a mixture can operate at a low pressure below the limiting pressure, for example of three to six bars, and supply in this way a main vessel 5 maintained at the desired pressure.
  • the product prepared in this way can therefore be stored in advance in a vessel maintained under a low pressure.
  • the buffer vessel 51 is supplied from the main vessel 5 by a positive displacement pump fitted with a device for forced feeding.
  • the forced feeding device could consist very simply of an Archimedean screw placed in the bottom of the storage vessel 5 and feeding a positive displacement pump 52.
  • the buffer vessel 51 is at a pressure above the pressure of use, the release of the compressed gas present in the bubbles at the time of the injection into the reactor promotes the spraying of the fluid product and disperses the coal particles very efficiently in the reactor enclosure.
  • a real atomization of the combustible matter is produced in the reactor.
  • the three-phase composition position of the product reduces the probability of impact of the particles against the walls, since the particles are held within the bubbles forming the foam, and as a result reduces the erosion of the injection devices.
  • the possibility of preparing the product in advance in a stable, storable and directly usable form is a major advantage because it makes it possible to separate the plant for preparing the product from the users, the latter having to make provision only for the devices for pressurization and injection into the reactor of a prefabricated fluid product.
  • a foam according to the invention is transported in pipes with a smaller loss of pressure. It could thus be advantageous to prepare the combustible fluid product in a place eventually located very far from the place of utilization, for example near a coal-mine or to port, and to transport the prefabricated fluid product to a combustion installation which could be several hundreds miles away.
  • the composition by weight of the foam product was:
  • the increase in the loss of pressure caused by increasing the flow is small: In a pipe of diameter 25.5 mm the loss of pressure was respectively. In a pipe of diameter 25.5 mm the loss of pressure was respectively 0.12 bar/m for a flow by weight of 0.10 kg/sec and 0.20 bar/m for 0.25 kg/sec.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US06/597,860 1983-04-08 1984-04-09 Energetic fluid product and its application to the supply of combustible matter to a reaction chamber Expired - Fee Related US4759267A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8305787A FR2543967B1 (fr) 1983-04-08 1983-04-08 Produit fluide a vocation energetique et son application a l'alimentation d'une chambre de reaction en matiere combustible
FR8305787 1983-04-08

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US4759267A true US4759267A (en) 1988-07-26

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Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4759267A (fr)
EP (1) EP0122846B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59197498A (fr)
AT (1) ATE22322T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU578017B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8401623A (fr)
CA (1) CA1253342A (fr)
DE (1) DE3460754D1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2543967B1 (fr)
IN (1) IN160166B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA842572B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7770640B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2010-08-10 Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. Carbon dioxide enriched flue gas injection for hydrocarbon recovery

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07250516A (ja) * 1994-12-02 1995-10-03 Yanmar Agricult Equip Co Ltd 歩行型田植機のローリング制御装置
FR2784171B1 (fr) 1998-10-02 2000-12-01 Air Liquide Bruleur pour le chauffage d'un produit pulverulent, et procede de vitrification d'un produit pulverulent mis en oeuvre au moyen d'un tel bruleur
JP2010508886A (ja) 2006-11-02 2010-03-25 エスセーアー・ハイジーン・プロダクツ・アーベー 供給デバイス

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915887A (en) * 1972-02-14 1975-10-28 Lion Fat Oil Co Ltd Method of dispersing foams in liquid
US3954662A (en) * 1972-02-14 1976-05-04 Monsanto Research Corporation Aqueous foam compositions to suppress coal dust
US4009095A (en) * 1973-11-09 1977-02-22 Uop Inc. Mixed-phase fluid distribution for packed chambers
US4104035A (en) * 1975-12-11 1978-08-01 Texaco Inc. Preparation of solid fuel-water slurries
US4127383A (en) * 1977-06-10 1978-11-28 Graham-White Sales Corporation Foaming waste treatment composition and method for treating nitrogenous waste material therewith
US4196092A (en) * 1978-04-17 1980-04-01 American Cyanamid Company Conditioning agent for froth flotation of fine coal
US4242098A (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-12-30 Union Carbide Corporation Transport of aqueous coal slurries
US4392865A (en) * 1977-02-23 1983-07-12 Lanko, Inc. Hydrocarbon-water fuels, emulsions, slurries and other particulate mixtures
US4395266A (en) * 1979-05-21 1983-07-26 Internationale Octrooi Maatschappij "Octropa" B.V. Stabilized water-in-mineral oil emulsion

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE520487C (de) * 1929-02-27 1931-03-11 Ludwig Kaehler Dipl Ing Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Brennstoffluftgemisches in Schaumform fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
FR1162246A (fr) * 1956-10-19 1958-09-10 Procédé de préparation de combustibles liquides à partir d'hydrocarbures liquides et appareillage permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
FR2262774A1 (en) * 1974-03-01 1975-09-26 Postic Jean Burner supply process - uses emulsion of fuel air and water delivered in predetermined proportions
US4304572A (en) * 1976-06-24 1981-12-08 Texaco, Inc. Production of solid fuel-water slurries
US4305729A (en) * 1981-02-23 1981-12-15 Suntech, Inc. Carbon slurry fuels
FR2543968B1 (fr) * 1983-04-07 1985-06-21 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Conditionnement d'une matiere riche en carbone et procede de realisation

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3915887A (en) * 1972-02-14 1975-10-28 Lion Fat Oil Co Ltd Method of dispersing foams in liquid
US3954662A (en) * 1972-02-14 1976-05-04 Monsanto Research Corporation Aqueous foam compositions to suppress coal dust
US4009095A (en) * 1973-11-09 1977-02-22 Uop Inc. Mixed-phase fluid distribution for packed chambers
US4104035A (en) * 1975-12-11 1978-08-01 Texaco Inc. Preparation of solid fuel-water slurries
US4392865A (en) * 1977-02-23 1983-07-12 Lanko, Inc. Hydrocarbon-water fuels, emulsions, slurries and other particulate mixtures
US4127383A (en) * 1977-06-10 1978-11-28 Graham-White Sales Corporation Foaming waste treatment composition and method for treating nitrogenous waste material therewith
US4196092A (en) * 1978-04-17 1980-04-01 American Cyanamid Company Conditioning agent for froth flotation of fine coal
US4242098A (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-12-30 Union Carbide Corporation Transport of aqueous coal slurries
US4395266A (en) * 1979-05-21 1983-07-26 Internationale Octrooi Maatschappij "Octropa" B.V. Stabilized water-in-mineral oil emulsion

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7770640B2 (en) 2006-02-07 2010-08-10 Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. Carbon dioxide enriched flue gas injection for hydrocarbon recovery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN160166B (fr) 1987-06-27
FR2543967A1 (fr) 1984-10-12
JPS59197498A (ja) 1984-11-09
EP0122846B1 (fr) 1986-09-17
ZA842572B (en) 1984-11-28
DE3460754D1 (en) 1986-10-23
FR2543967B1 (fr) 1985-07-19
EP0122846A1 (fr) 1984-10-24
CA1253342A (fr) 1989-05-02
BR8401623A (pt) 1984-11-13
ATE22322T1 (de) 1986-10-15
AU578017B2 (en) 1988-10-13
AU2640984A (en) 1984-10-11

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Owner name: CREUSOT-LOIRE 42 RUE D'ANJOU, 75008 PARIS FRANCE

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Effective date: 19840502

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Effective date: 19920726

STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362