US4757062A - Substituted benzoate ester prodrugs of estrogens - Google Patents

Substituted benzoate ester prodrugs of estrogens Download PDF

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Publication number
US4757062A
US4757062A US06/793,892 US79389285A US4757062A US 4757062 A US4757062 A US 4757062A US 79389285 A US79389285 A US 79389285A US 4757062 A US4757062 A US 4757062A
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compound
estradiol
composition
alkyl
carbon atoms
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US06/793,892
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Bruce J. Aungst
Munir A. Hussain
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Bristol Myers Squibb Pharma Co
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to US06/793,892 priority Critical patent/US4757062A/en
Assigned to E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY WILMINGTON, DE A CORP OF DE reassignment E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY WILMINGTON, DE A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AUNGST, BRUCE J., HUSSAIN, MUNIR A.
Priority to IL79710A priority patent/IL79710A0/xx
Priority to DE8686115029T priority patent/DE3667982D1/de
Priority to EP86115029A priority patent/EP0221506B1/en
Priority to AT86115029T priority patent/ATE49216T1/de
Priority to ZA868272A priority patent/ZA868272B/xx
Priority to GR862633A priority patent/GR862633B/el
Priority to CA000521804A priority patent/CA1255295A/en
Priority to JP61258673A priority patent/JPS62120398A/ja
Priority to DK521786A priority patent/DK521786A/da
Priority to ES8602868A priority patent/ES2002058A6/es
Priority to AU64616/86A priority patent/AU583160B2/en
Publication of US4757062A publication Critical patent/US4757062A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to DU PONT MERCK PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY reassignment DU PONT MERCK PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J1/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane
    • C07J1/0051—Estrane derivatives
    • C07J1/0066—Estrane derivatives substituted in position 17 beta not substituted in position 17 alfa
    • C07J1/007—Estrane derivatives substituted in position 17 beta not substituted in position 17 alfa the substituent being an OH group free esterified or etherified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J1/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane
    • C07J1/0051—Estrane derivatives
    • C07J1/0081—Substituted in position 17 alfa and 17 beta
    • C07J1/0088—Substituted in position 17 alfa and 17 beta the substituent in position 17 alfa being an unsaturated hydrocarbon group
    • C07J1/0096—Alkynyl derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J41/00—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring
    • C07J41/0033—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005
    • C07J41/0072—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005 the A ring of the steroid being aromatic

Definitions

  • This invention relates to substituted benzoate ester prodrug derivatives of estrogens, pharmaceutical compositions containing prodrugs of estrogens, methods of contraception and treatments of disorders related to estrogen insufficiency using the prodrugs, and methods for preparing the prodrugs.
  • ⁇ -estradiol is the primary biosynthetic product found in mammalian estrogenic hormones, and is the most potent naturally occurring estrogen. Extensive literature exists on the biochemistry and physiology of this substance, and on its use in hormone replacement therapy and contraception. Although extremely potent when administered parenterally, this compound elicits greatly reduced estrogenic effects when administered orally.
  • Ethynyl estradiol is a semi-synthetic estrogen, first reported by Inhoffen et al., Chem. Ber., 71, 1024 (1938). This compound provides greater estrogenic activity than ⁇ -estradiol when administered orally, and is widely used in hormone replacement therapy and contraception.
  • This compound and its preparation is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,243,887, issued June 3, 1941, to A. Serini et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 2,251,939, issued Aug. 12, 1941, to J. Kathol; U.S. Pat. No. 2,265,976, issued Dec. 9, 1941, to H. H. Inhoffen et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 2,267,257, issued Dec. 23, 1941, to L. Ruzicka.
  • ⁇ -estradiol 3-benzoate is disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 2,054,271 (to Schwenk and Hildebrandt, 1936), and is widely used as a long-acting parenteral estrogenic drug for intramuscular injection.
  • the benzoate is most preferred because it is absorbed more slowly. These compounds show a marked decrease in activity when administered orally due to destruction by the intestinal bacteria and the liver.
  • the presystemic metabolism of certain orally administered drugs can be overcome by derivatization of the functional group in the molecule that is susceptible to gastrointestinal or hepatic metabolism. This modification protects the group from metabolic attack during the absorption process or first pass through the liver. However, the masking group must ultimately be removed to enable the drug to exert its maximum effect. This conversion may take place in blood or tissue. (Since the chemical group used to alter the parent drug will eventually be released into the body, it must be relatively non-toxic.) These types of masked drugs are usually referred to as prodrugs.
  • prodrug design There are a number of examples in the literature which demonstrate the feasibility of the prodrug concept. However, it is apparent from these published studies that each drug class must be considered by itself. There is no way to accurately predict which prodrug structure will be suitable for a particular drug. A derivative which may work well for one drug may not do so for another. Differences in the absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion among drugs do not permit generalizations to be made about prodrug design.
  • ⁇ -estradiol although a potent estrogenic compound, undergoes extensive gastrointestinal and/or hepatic first-pass metabolism upon oral delivery, and thus has very significantly reduced bioavailability.
  • Ethynyl estradiol is a potent semi-synthetic estrogen which shows enhanced oral bioavailability over ⁇ -estradiol, but still suffers from gastrointestinal and/or hepatic first pass metabolism after oral dosing.
  • X and Y individually are selected from H, NHR 1 , NR 1 R 2 , and OR 2 ;
  • R 1 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or COR 3 ;
  • R 2 is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or COR 3 ;
  • R 3 is H or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms
  • composition consisting essentially of a compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein A is H or C.tbd.CH;
  • X and Y individually are H, NHR 1 , NR 1 R 2 , or OR 2 ;
  • R 1 is H, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or COR 3 ;
  • R 2 is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, or COR 3 ;
  • R 3 is H or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; with the proviso that one of X or Y is other than H
  • composition formulated for oral administration.
  • a method of preventing or inhibiting conception, or treating disorders which respond to estrogen therapy, in a mammal comprising: administering to the mammal an effective estrogenic amount of at least one of the immediately aforesaid compounds. It is especially preferred to administer the compounds orally.
  • a process for preparing a compound of the invention comprising: contacting ⁇ -estradiol or ethynyl estradiol, optionally in the presence of a base, with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of ##STR5## wherein Z is Cl, ##STR6## and X and Y are as defined above; and ##STR7## wherein R 1 and Y are as defined above.
  • the drawing is a graph showing ⁇ -estradiol plasma concentration of tritiated ⁇ -estradiol after intravenous administration of ⁇ -estradiol and oral administration of tritiated ⁇ -estradiol 3-anthranilate.
  • Preferred compounds are those of Formula (I) wherein:
  • X is NHR 1 or OR 2 ;
  • R 1 is H or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms
  • R 2 is COR 3 ;
  • R 3 is alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; and Y is H.
  • X is NH 2 or OC(O)CH 3 ; and Y is H.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by contacting ⁇ -estradiol or ethynyl estradiol with an acylating agent, optionally in the presence of a catalyst.
  • acylating agents and catalysts used as starting reactants to make the compounds of Formula (I) are well known and available commercially.
  • the acylating agents used in the process to prepare the prodrugs of Formula (I) include substituted benzoyl halides, substituted benzoic anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, and isatoic anhydrides.
  • Method A refers to the process for preparing a compound of Formula (I) wherein the acylating agent is a substituted benzoyl halide, a substituted benzoic anhydride, or a mixed anhydride.
  • Method B refers to the process for preparing a compound of Formula (I) wherein the acylating agent is an isatoic anhydride. ##STR8##
  • Method A provides compounds of Formula (I) wherein X and Y individually are selected from H, OR 2 , or NR 1 R 2 , wherein R 1 and R 2 individually are C 1 -C 4 alkyl or COR 3 , provided that at least one of X or Y is OR 2 or NR 1 R 2 .
  • the estrogenic compound (II) is allowed to react with an activated acylating agent (III), such as a substituted benzoyl chloride, benzoic anhydride or mixed anhydride, wherein X and Y are not OH or NHR 1 , in an aprotic solvent such as methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, preferably in the presence of an organic base catalyst such as triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine or pyridine, or an inorganic base such as sodium carbonate.
  • a solution of the activated benzoate derivative in the reaction solvent is added to a solution of the estrogenic compound in the reaction solvent containing the base at a temperature ranging from 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent, generally from 0° C. to room temperature being preferred.
  • the reactants are kept in contact from 0.5 to 24 hours, generally 2 to 20 hours.
  • Method B provides compounds of Formula (I) wherein X is 2-NHR 1 .
  • the estrogenic compound (II) is dissolved in a dipolar aprotic solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), or tripyrrolidinophosphine oxide.
  • a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), or tripyrrolidinophosphine oxide.
  • An isatoic anhydride (IV) is added, followed by a base catalyst, such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, or 4-piperidinopyridine.
  • the solution is heated at 50° C. to 150° C. for one to five hours under nitrogen.
  • Method B is illustrated by Examples 2 and 3.
  • Example 2 Using the procedure of Example 2, ethynyl estradiol was treated with isatoic anhydride to provide ethynyl estradiol 3-anthranilate. The crude product was dissolved in a mixture of ether and methylene chloride and treated with gaseous hydrogen chloride. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with ether and air-dried to provide the title compound (65% yield) as a solid, mp 196°-198° C.
  • the prodrugs of Formula (I) can be administered to treat disorders which respond to estrogen therapy or prevent conception by any means that produces contact of the active agent with the agent's site of action in the body of a mammal. They can be administered by any conventional means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as individual agents or in a combination of therapeutic agents. They can be administered alone, but are generally administered with a pharmaceutical carrier selected on the basis of the chosen route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
  • the dosage administered will, of course, vary depending upon known factors such as the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the particular agent, and its mode and route of administration; age, health, and weight of the recipient; nature and extent of symptoms, kind of concurrent treatment, frequency of treatment, and the effect desired.
  • a dosage of prodrug can be up to 7 milligrams daily.
  • up to 2 milligrams, given once daily or in sustained release form, is effective to obtain desired results.
  • compositions suitable for internal administration contain from about 0.5 to 7 (preferably about 0.5 to 2) milligrams of prodrug per unit.
  • the prodrug of Formula (I) will ordinarily be present in an amount of about 0.5 to 95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the prodrug is preferably administered orally in solid dosage forms, such as capsules, tablets, and powders, or in liquid dosage forms, such as elixirs, syrups, and suspensions.
  • Gelatin capsules contain the prodrug of Formula (I) and powdered carriers, such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets. Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • powdered carriers such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets. Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can contain coloring and flavoring to increase patient acceptance.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. A. Osol, a standard reference text in this field.
  • Useful pharmaceutical dosage forms for administration of the compounds of this invention can be illustrated as follows:
  • a large number of unit capsules are prepared by filling standard two-piece hard gelatin capsules each with 1 milligram of powdered prodrug of Formula (I), 150 milligrams of lactose, and 2 milligrams of magnesium stearate.
  • a suspension of a prodrug of Formula (I) in a digestable oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil is prepared and injected by means of a positive displacement pump into gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules containing 1 milligram of the prodrug.
  • the capsules are washed in petroleum ether and dried.
  • a large number of tablets are prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit is 1 milligram of the prodrug of Formula (I), 0.2 milligrams of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 milligrams of magnesium stearate, 62.8 milligrams of microcrystalline cellulose, 11 milligrams of starch and 120 milligrams of lactose.
  • Appropriate coatings may be applied to increase palatability or delay absorption.
  • An aqueous suspension is prepared for oral administration so that each 5 milliliters contain 1 milligram of finely divided prodrug, 200 milligrams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5 milligrams of sodium benzoate, 1.0 grams of sorbitol solution, U.S.P., and 0.025 milliliters of vanillin.
  • Test results indicate that the prodrugs useful in the present invention provide greatly enhanced bioavailability of estrogens from orally administered dosages. Additionally, greatly enhanced duration of action results after oral dosing with these prodrugs the present invention.
  • Dogs were administered the drug intravenously and orally, and the prodrugs were administered orally. Usually, doses were administered as solutions in PEG400/water (3:1). Plasma was collected and frozen until analysis of drug concentration was performed. The area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) was calculated for each animal. Bioavailability (F) was estimated by: ##EQU1## F represents the percentage of the administered dose absorbed into plasma.
  • ⁇ -estradiol When ⁇ -estradiol was administered orally, none of this drug could be detected in the plasma. After intravenous administration (0.125 ⁇ mole/kg), ⁇ -estradiol was detected in the plasma and displayed an average elimination half-life of 11.8 minutes. No ⁇ -estradiol could be detected at 3 hours after the intravenous dose was administered.
  • ⁇ -estradiol 3-anthranilate of Example 2 When ⁇ -estradiol 3-anthranilate of Example 2 was administered orally at a dose of 0.25 ⁇ mole/kg, ⁇ -estradiol was detected in the plasma at concentrations of about 0.0025 nmole/mL.
  • the estimated oral bioavailability of ⁇ -estradiol from the administered 3-anthranilate ester averaged 74.5% (two dogs).
  • the plasma concentrations remained at about 0.0025 nmole/mL at 8 hours after the oral dose was administered.
  • ⁇ -estradiol 3-anthranilate when administered orally, thus provides much higher bioavailability of ⁇ -estradiol (74.5%) than a corresponding oral dose of ⁇ -estradiol itself (in which ⁇ -estradiol was not detectable in plasma under the analytical conditions used). Also, orally administered ⁇ -estradiol 3-anthranilate provides an appreciable plasma concentration of ⁇ -estradiol for a much longer period of time than an intravenous dose of ⁇ -estradiol (greater than 8 hours, compared to less than 3 hours).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
US06/793,892 1985-11-01 1985-11-01 Substituted benzoate ester prodrugs of estrogens Expired - Fee Related US4757062A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/793,892 US4757062A (en) 1985-11-01 1985-11-01 Substituted benzoate ester prodrugs of estrogens
IL79710A IL79710A0 (en) 1985-11-01 1986-08-13 Substituted benzoate esters of estrogens,their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
DE8686115029T DE3667982D1 (de) 1985-11-01 1986-10-29 Substituierte benzoatesterderivate als estrogen-wirkstoffvorlaeufer.
EP86115029A EP0221506B1 (en) 1985-11-01 1986-10-29 Substituted benzoate ester prodrugs of estrogens
AT86115029T ATE49216T1 (de) 1985-11-01 1986-10-29 Substituierte benzoatesterderivate als estrogen- wirkstoffvorlaeufer.
GR862633A GR862633B (en) 1985-11-01 1986-10-30 Substituted benzoate ester prodrugs of estrogens
ZA868272A ZA868272B (en) 1985-11-01 1986-10-30 Substituted benzoate ester prodrugs of estrogens
CA000521804A CA1255295A (en) 1985-11-01 1986-10-30 Substituted benzoate ester prodrugs of estrogens
JP61258673A JPS62120398A (ja) 1985-11-01 1986-10-31 エストロゲンの置換安息香酸エステルプロ薬物
DK521786A DK521786A (da) 1985-11-01 1986-10-31 Substituerede benzoatestere af estrogener
ES8602868A ES2002058A6 (es) 1985-11-01 1986-10-31 Un procedimiento para la preparacion de prodrogas de ester benzoato sustiuido de estrogenos.
AU64616/86A AU583160B2 (en) 1985-11-01 1986-10-31 B-estradiol subs benzoate-3-ester

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EP (1) EP0221506B1 (da)
JP (1) JPS62120398A (da)
AT (1) ATE49216T1 (da)
AU (1) AU583160B2 (da)
CA (1) CA1255295A (da)
DE (1) DE3667982D1 (da)
DK (1) DK521786A (da)
ES (1) ES2002058A6 (da)
GR (1) GR862633B (da)
IL (1) IL79710A0 (da)
ZA (1) ZA868272B (da)

Cited By (3)

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US4909563A (en) * 1989-04-12 1990-03-20 Phillip E. Walker Automatically deployable covering device
US6258360B1 (en) * 1989-05-04 2001-07-10 Igen International, Inc. Prodrugs activated by targeted catalytic proteins
US20060063944A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2006-03-23 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Estrone derivatives and process for producing same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6702705B1 (en) 1988-05-04 2004-03-09 Igen International, Inc. Prodrugs activated by targeted catalytic proteins
DK24089D0 (da) * 1989-01-20 1989-01-20 Hans Bundgaard Novel prodrug derivatives of biologically active agents containing hydroxyl groups or nh-acidic groups
AU673335B2 (en) * 1991-08-05 1996-11-07 Igen, Inc. Prodrugs activated by targeted catalytic proteins
DK3536698T3 (da) 2017-01-25 2021-09-27 Guangzhou Ocusun Ophthalmic Biotechnology Co Ltd Lanosterol-prodrugforbindelse og anvendelse deraf
KR20210038596A (ko) 2018-07-25 2021-04-07 광저우 오쿠순 옵탈믹 바이오테크놀로지 캄파니 리미티드 라노 스테롤 전구 약물 화합물의 결정 형태 및 이의 용도

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4909563A (en) * 1989-04-12 1990-03-20 Phillip E. Walker Automatically deployable covering device
US6258360B1 (en) * 1989-05-04 2001-07-10 Igen International, Inc. Prodrugs activated by targeted catalytic proteins
US20060063944A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2006-03-23 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Estrone derivatives and process for producing same

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DK521786A (da) 1987-05-02
DE3667982D1 (de) 1990-02-08
EP0221506A1 (en) 1987-05-13
ATE49216T1 (de) 1990-01-15
DK521786D0 (da) 1986-10-31
IL79710A0 (en) 1986-11-30
CA1255295A (en) 1989-06-06
AU6461686A (en) 1987-05-07
JPS62120398A (ja) 1987-06-01
ES2002058A6 (es) 1988-07-01
EP0221506B1 (en) 1990-01-03
GR862633B (en) 1987-03-03
ZA868272B (en) 1988-07-27
AU583160B2 (en) 1989-04-20

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